Cancer stem cells are defined as the unique subpopulation in the tumors that possess the abili-ty to initiate tumor growth and sustain self-renewal as well as metastatic potential.Accumulating evidences in recent years strongly indicate the existence of cancer stem cells in solid tumors of a wide variety of organs.In recent years,many cancer stem cells have been found,including leukemia,breast cancer,brain ttunor,liv-er cancer,colon carcinoma,etc.In this review,we will discuss the conception and origin of the gastric cancer stem cells,and their role in the development of multi-drug resistance.

Objective To study the effects of Tongqiao-Huoxue decoction on neuron apoptosis in the CA1 region of the hippocampus and the serum nidogen expression of vascular dementia(VaD) rats and to investigate its mechanism. Methods 40 healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group, a sham operation group, a model group, a TCM group, and a placebo group. VaD rat models were established by Olsson method. After the models were successfully prepared, the rats in the TCM group were fed Tongqiao-Huoxue decoction, the rats in the placebo group were fed distilled water. Morris water maze test was adopted to investigate their learning and memory abilities, TUNEL was used to assay hippocampal CA1 neurons apoptosis, ELISA kits was used to detect Nestin serum levels . Results The neuron apoptosis index in the CA1 region of the hippocampus in the TCM group was(37.01±2.23)%,which was(55.15±1.54)%in the placebo group;the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The serum nidogen was(4.47±0.31)ng/L in the TCM group, which was(3.42±0.43)ng/L in the placebo group;the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Compared to the VaD group, escape latency in the TCM group in the third, forth, and fifth day was significantly shorter(P<0.05), the number of cross platforms were significantly increased(t=3.521, P=0.000). Conclusion Tong qiao-Huoxue decoction can improve learning and memory impairment in VaD rats, which may be associated with its increasing serum nidogen expression and decreasing the neuron apoptosis in hippocampal CA1.

AIM: To study the role of acylation stimula ting protein (ASP) in the differentiation of 3T3-F442A preadipocytes. METHODS: Differentiation of 3T3-F442A preadipocytes was induced by ASP. The morphological changes were observed by Oil-Red O staining and the di fferentiation rate was compared. TG synthesis and TG mass in these cells were al so assayed. DNA synthesis was measured by -TdR incorporation. A typical differentiation inducer, insulin, was used as a positive control to compare thes e results. RESULTS: (1) 3T3-F442A preadipocytes were induced to differentia te by ASP alone. Fat droplets were clearly visible in the cytoplasm of 3T3-F442A cells. The differentiation rate was high (90%), but no significant difference w as observed, compared with that in insulin group (95%). (2) In ASP group, TG syn thesis and TG mass were significantly increased, both of them were higher than t hat in control group (P0.05). CONCLUSION: As a new adipocytes hormone, ASP plays an important biological role in the differentiation of preadipocytes.

砄bjective: To investigate the effect of calcitonin gene related peptide(CGRP) on calcification function of human dental pulp cells(HDPCs) in vitro . Methods: HDPCs cells were exposed to calcitonin gene related peptide at the dosages(mol/L) of 10 -12 , 10 -10 and 10 -8 for 3,6,9, 12 and 15 days respectively. Cell growth was studied by cell counting , alkaline phosphatase(AL) by a AL kit, osteocalin by immunoradiological tecnique and type I collagen mRNA expression by RT PCR. Results: CGRP did not show any effect on the growth of HDPCs, but it increased the expression of AL, osteocalin and type I collagen mRNA in HDPCs in a dose dependent and not time dependent manner. Conclusion: CGRP plays an important role in promoting differentiation and calcification function of HDPCs

Objective To explore the influence of lung IL-10 on interstitial dendritic cells in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS),and its role in immunological dysfunction.Methods The model of MODS was replicated by injecting zymosan into the peritoneal cavity of C57BL/6 mice.The mice were then randomly divided into normal groups as well as the groups of 3-6 hours,12-48 hours,5-7 days and 10-12 days post trauma.The level of CCR7 mRNA in lung was detected by RT-PCR and the proteins of CCR7 and IL-10 were immunohistochemically stained.The number of mononuclear cells in MHC-II positive peripheral blood was determined by flow cytometry.Results At the early stage of injury(3-6 hours),the number of IL-10 positive cells and the expression of CCR7 increased,but the number of mononuclear cells in MHC-II positive peripheral blood decreased.At the stage of 12-48 hours,the number of IL-10 positive cells and the expression of CCR7 continued to increase obviously,and that of mononuclear cells in MHC-II positive peripheral blood went on decreasing.At the stage of 10-12 days,the number of IL-10 positive cells increased dramatically compared with that in normal group,but the expression of CCR7 declined obviously in contrast to that in 12-48 hours,and the number of mononuclear cells in MHC-II positive peripheral blood decreased to the lowest level.Conclusions The expression of IL-10 in lung could inhibit the excessive immunological damage induced by dendritic cells on the one hand,and it probably leads to immunosuppression by reducing the CCR7 expression of dendritic cells and the number of mononuclear cells in MHC-II positive peripheral blood on the other hand.

Objective:To observe the effects of dentin proseeded with BMSCs or PDLCs incorporated with PDLCs sheets and calci-nated ceramic bovine bone(CBB)in the reconstruction of periodontal tissue.Methods:Root dentin slices were prepared and pre-seeded with BMSCs or PDLCs from beagle dog.After cultivated in osteoinduction medium(OST groups)orα-modified eagle's medi-um(MEM groups)for 3 weeks,the dentin slices observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM).Then the slices were wrapped successively with PDLCs sheets and CBB as new constructs(BMSCs or PDLCs/dentin/PDLCs sheets/CBB).The new constructs were transplanted into nude mice subcutaneously,8 week after transplantation,samples were havested and examined by HE staining.Re-sults:Enough cells and extracellular matrices were detected on the dentin slices by SEM in vitro.A little new immature cementum-like tissue without periodontal-like tissue on the surface of the new construcs was observed in OST groups.By contrast,in MEM groups,periodontal-like without immature cementum-like tissue formation was observed.Conclusion:Dentin proseeded with BMSCs or PDLCs incorporated with PDLCs sheets and CBB cultured by MEM can promote periodontal-like tissue regeneration.Cultured with osteooinduction medium can promote cementum-like tissue regeneration.

Animal experiment on influenza virus infection carries certain biohazard risk, with a threat to the health of researchers and public health.The risk levels differ by influenza virus types and subtypes.This article combs the domestic and national laws and rules, and explores the biosafety management of animal study on influenza virus.

The fourth generation poly( amidoamine) dendrimers ( G4. 0 PAMAM) functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube ( G4 . 0-MWCNTs ) was prepared by amidation between carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) and G4. 0 PAMAM. Then a novel hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensor was fabricated by electrodepositing Pd nanoparticles (NPs) on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with G4. 0-MWCNTs composites. The modified electrode was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy ( FESEM) , cyclic voltammetry ( CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy ( EIS) . A large amounts of highly dispersion PdNPs could be well loaded on the surface of the G4. 0-MWCNTs, and the modified electrode exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the reduction of H2 O2 . Under the optimized conditions, the reduction peak currents of H2 O2 were linear to their concentrations in the range from 1. 0 × 10-9 mol/L to 1. 0×10-3 mol/L and the limit of detection of 2. 3×10-8 mol/L was obtained. The recovery of standard addition for human serum samples was 96 . 7%-103 . 1%.

Objective To develop rat models of graft cholangiopathies and evaluated their values.Methods Four groups were constructed.The long-term cold preservation group(n=24) contained homogeneic inbred rat liver orthotopic transplantations (ROLT) performed in a rat combination of ♂ Wistar→ ♂ Wistar with the donor liver preserved in 4℃ UW for 12 h,the vessels reconstructed by the two-cuff method,and the hepatic artery and extrahepatic bile duct rebuilt by a stent.The chronic rejection group (n=24)(CsA 1 mg · kg-1 · d-1,cold preserved for 1 h) was allogeneic inbred ♂ DA→♂ Lewis rats induced for ROLT,and the revascularization methods were the same as the longterm cold preservation group.The control group (n=24) (cold preserved for 1 h) was homogeneic inbred ♂ Wistar→♂ Wistar rats with ROLT techniques the same as above.The sham group (n=24)was ♂ Wistar rats that had an exploratory laparotomy.The animals were followed for 16 weeks,complications were compared,and liver tissues were harvested.Histopathological and morphometric techniques were used to construct a time course of histological changes after liver transplantation.Results In both the long-term cold preservation group and chronic rejection group,the rats recovered slowly,the incidence of complications and mortality were higher than those of other groups,and the intrahepatic bile duct proliferation and immune cell infiltration were noticeable after the operation.In 16 weeks,the hepatic lobules were separated by the proliferating bile ducts,the normal structure of hepatic lobules disappeared,many biliary epithelial cells necrosed with disappearing cytoplasms,and there was immune cell infiltration and obliterative arteriopathy.Conclusions The rat models of graft cholangiopathies induced by long-term cold preservation or chronic rejection donor livers are stable and easily standardized.This model is ideal for studying the pathogenesis and prevention of graft cholangiopathies.

ObjectiveTo review the clinical features,management and prognosis of renal Ewing's sarcoma (ES) of a single case report.MethodsA single case of renal ES was reported.A 33-year-old male presented with a mass in the left kidney found during a three day medical examination.B-ultrasound examination showed a lesion with rich blood flow signals and well defined margins in the inferior portion of the left kidney.The CT scan revealed a solid mass of 5.1 cm × 4.7 cm in the inferior portion of the kidney with un-even enhancement by contrast.A possible diagnosis of renal carcinoma was given prior to surgery.No metastasis was proven.A literature review of ES was then conducted.ResultsA left retroperitoneoscopic radical nephrectomy was successfully performed.Gross pathologic examination showed a solid tumor with necrosis,localized at the inferior pole of the left kidney.The histopathological examination revealed the tumor consisted of small round tumor cells,which were positive for CD99,vimentin and PAS,but negative for WT-1.A diagnosis of ES of the kidney was then determined.The patient received alternating short cycle ( CTX + VCR + THP) and long cycle ( IFO + VP-16) adjuvant chemotherapy for 6 cycles after the operation.There has been no evidence of recurrence at the 14-month follow up.ConclusionsES of the kidney is a rare disease with no specific clinical feature in most cases.Diagnosis of renal ES must be confirmed with histological features.Surgery combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy is the main method of therapy for renal ES.The prognosis of renal ES is poor.