Objective To investigate the common causes of hypokalemia of inpatients in department of endocrinology.Methods Fifty-nine inpatients with hypokalemia were analyzed retrospectively.Results 84.7％(50/59) of patients with hypokalemia was clearly caused by endocrine diseases,among which 33.9％ (20/59) was diabetes mellitus,25.4％ (15/59) was hyperthyreosis,others were rare endocrine diseases,for example primary hyperaldosteronism and Cushing syndrome,et al.Conclusions Endocrine disease is an important reason of hypokalemia.The doctor should attach importance to the diagnosis and treatment of hypokalemia caused by endocrine disease.

Objective:To investigate the effects of E.coli lipopolysaccharide(LPS) stimulus on the synthesis of TLR4 protein and its mRNA expression in human dental pulp cells(HDPCs), and to explore the roles of TLR4 on the activation of HDPCs induced by LPS. Methods:The expressions of TLR4 mRNA and the synthesis of TLR4 protein in HDPCs induced by LPS were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR(FQ RT-PCR) and immunofluorescence technique.IL-1? concentrations in the supernatant of cultured HDPCs pretreated with TLR4 antibody were assayed with ELISA. Results: The expressions of TLR4 could not be detected in normal HDPCs.After being stimulated with 1?10-4 g/L LPS for 6,12 or 24 h, immunostaining showed that TLR4 was expressed in cytomembrane and cytoplasm of HDPCs,while in nucleus the expressions were negative. FQ RT-PCR showed their expressions significantly increased after being stimulated with LPS (P

Objective To evaluate the effect of mental intervention combined with simple brachial plexus anesthesia in children' upper extremity operation. Method 80 cases of8 ～ 12 years old children were selected after strict evaluation and screening,of who needed upper extremity operation(fractures internal fixation not included) ,and the surgery time less than 120 minutes. All the operations were completed under the simple brachial plexus anesthesia, and combined with mental intervention preoperatively and intraoperatively. The changes of HR and BP intraoperatively the psyche condition after the operation completed were observed and followed up the mental change postoperatively. Result All the operation were completed. The HR and BP were stable intraoperation (P ＞ 0. 05), the psyche was quiet after the operation completed,and no mental disorder was happened postoperative. Conclusion The mental intervention combined with simple brachial plexus anesthesia was safe in 8 ～ 12 years old children' upper extremity operation, and it deserved to spread and apply.

Objective: This study is to examine the effects of different protective methods with DHCA on neuron injury of hippocampus. Methods: Sixteen pigs (22-25 kg) were divided randomly into four groups. Group I: DHCA; group II: ACP; group III: RCP; group IV: RCP+Nim. All animals were under deep hypothemia (18℃) and total circulatory arrest for 90 minutes, and then rewarmed 120 minutes until the pharyneal temperature to 36℃. End of the study, left hippocampi were removed and then dissociated. These dissociated cells were stained with Annexin V-FITC and then measured with flow cytometry to analyze neuron apoptosis. The morphological changes were examined by electron microscope. Results: Normal cell percentage was the lowest in group I. Compared with group III, normal cell percentage was higher in group II. There were no significant differences between group II and group IV, or group III and group IV. Early apoptotic cell percentage was higher in group I than that in the other three groups, and it is higher in group II than that in group III. There were no significant differences between group II and group IV, or group III and group IV. Both necrotic cell percentage and dead cell percentage were higher in group I than that in the other three groups and there was no significant difference between the other three groups (P=0.05). Conclusion: Apoptosis, necroses and death of neuron after DHCA is the main cause of postoperative nervous dysfunction. ACP has better protective effect on neuron by decreasing cell apoptosis and death. RCP could also reduce cell apoptosis and death but the effect is not as good as that of ACP. Nimodipine depresses partly calcium influx by blocking up VDCC and its protective effect is slight.

Objective To study the influence of finasteride on the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α(HIF-1 α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) with prostate cancer (Pca).Methods The patients diagnosed of Pca were selected,and which treated with finasteride for up to six months were finasteride group and untreated with finasteride were control group.The expression of HIF-1 α,VEGF and microvessel density(MVD) was examined.Results The positive expression of HIF-1α,VEGF and MVD in the finasteride group were 55.0％,57.5％,(56.9 ± 13.8),respectively,and were lower than those of the control group [87.5 ％,97.5 ％,(64.2 ± 13.3)] (x2 =10.313,18.122,all P ＜ 0.01 ; t =2.391,P ＜ 0.05).In the pathological grade,advanced grade of the finasteride group was in 15 cases(37.5％),and 10 cases(25.0％) was in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant between the two groups(x2 =1.455,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Long-term treatment with finasteride can reduce expression of HIF-1α and VEGF with Pca,thus inhibit angiogenesis and tumor growth and metastasis.

On the view of modern risk management,4 kinds of risks are found out through joint-venture medical equipment actuality investigation.Against these risks,the risk management system of hospital medical equipment is set up to identify and diminish the risks in joint-venture of medical equipment,included management flow optimization,risk management mechanism, risk avoidance and risk analysis.

Objective:To use 101 Clarification Agent in clearing process of herbal extract. Methods: To compare 101 Clarification Agent with alcohol by measuring dry extract percent of herbal extract and its components GC qualitative and quantitative analyses of all Rhubarb, Hawthorn Fruit, Rhizoma chuanxiong, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Radix Astragali. Results: It was shown that dry extract percent, main components quantity of herbal extract using Clarification Agent are higher than that alcohol do.Conclusion: 101 Clarification Agent can be used to clear herbal extract instead of alcohol.

Objective An interaction network among PD-1-ligands and other proteins were built to add deeper understanding of PD-1 signal pathway and to supply the theoretical data on the clinical application study of PD-1 and its ligands.Methods Searching the literature about PD-1 and its ligands in the PubMed,the result of which would be used to summarize the proteins that had been reported to have interactions with PD-1 and its ligands,and then,quadratic search would be performed on these proteins.Finally,the software Cytoscape would be used to build and analyze the interaction network and verified by PCR.Results There were 122 and 126 nodes in the PD-1/PD-L1 network and PD-1/PD-L2 network respectively.These proteins were involved in TCR signal path-way,cell adhesion,JAK-STAT signal pathway and interaction between cytokines.Meanwhile,a perspective that PD-L1 may influ-ence on CXCR4 through JAK-STAT pathway based on the network which had been supported by qPCR.Conclusion The bioinfor-matics suggested that there are differences between the mechanism of PD-1/PD-L1 and PD-1/PD-L2.Additionally,the method, which was based on the literature mining and bioinformatics,is good to put the biological literature to rational utilization and to pro-vide guidance for experiments.

Objective To investigate the effects of group teaching in rehabilitation nursing. Methods 55 nursing students were dividedinto control group and experiment group. The control group received traditional teaching and the experiment group received group teaching.Questionnaire and examination performance were used to evaluate the effects of group teaching in the teaching of rehabilitation nursing. ResultsThe scores were significantly higher in the experiment group than in the control group (P<0.01). The questionnaire showed that groupteaching can stimulate their interest and intrinsic motivation for learning, enhance their understanding and application of knowledge, cultivatetheir self-learning ability, analysis and problem-solving abilities, interpersonal communication skills and spirit of collaboration. At thesame time, the implementation of group teaching helps both teaching and learning. Conclusion Group teaching can improve the teaching effectivenessof rehabilitation nursing.

Objective: To explore the diagnostic value of combined detection of blood osteopontin (OPN) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) for in-stent restenosis (ISR) in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: A total of 142 patients who received post-PCI coronary angiography (CAG) in our hospital were studied. The patients were divided into 2 groups based on if there were ISR condition: ISR group,n=21and Non-ISR group,n=121. The blood levels of OPN and MMP-9 were detected upon the follow-up CAG conduction and the basic clinical information with biochemical indexes were compared between 2 groups. Results: Blood levels of OPN and MMP-9 were signiifcantly higher in ISR group than those in Non-ISR group,P<0.001. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that elevated levels of OPN and MMP-9 were the independent risk factors for post-PCI ISR occurrence (OR=2.861 and OR=3.343,P<0.01). The ROC area of OPN and MMP-9 for predicting post-PCI ISR occurrence were 0.821 and 0.887,P<0.001. Taking the optimal cut off value of OPN at 3.68 ng/ml and MMP-9 at 415.24 ng/ml, the combined detection could increase the sensitivity of detection (90.48%) and the negative predictive value (98.06%). Conclusion: Blood levels of OPN and MMP-9 are closely related to ISR occurrence in post-PCI patients, combined detection has certain predictive value for ISR occurrence, especially for negative predictive value.