Objective To explore the relationship between serum Niemann-pick type C1 like protein1(NPC1L1)and propro-tein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9(PCSK9)levels and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)in Mongolian residents.Methods A total of 72 Mongolian patients with T2DM treated in Peking University Cancer Hospital,Inner Mongolia Hospital and the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University from June 2022 to June 2024 were selected as the T2DM group,and 81 healthy people in the same period were selected as the control group.LASSO model and multivariate Logistic regression model were used to screen the risk factors of disease onset.Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the correlation between NPC1L1 and PCSK9 levels and insulin function.Restricted cubic spline(RCS)model was used to analyze the dose-response relationship between NPC1L1 and PCSK9 levels and the incidence of T2DM,and explored the interaction between NPC1L1 and PCSK9 levels on the incidence of T2DM.Results NPC1L1(3.11±0.80 ng/L)and PCSK9(10.63±0.79 ng/L)in T2DM group were significantly higher than those in the control group(0.52±0.22 ng/L,3.21±0.17 ng/L),and the differences were statisti-cally significant(t=27.982,82.443,all P<0.05).NPC1L1(OR=2.458,95%CI=2.364～2.594,P<0.05)and PCSK9(OR=2.905,95%CI=2.541～3.528)were risk factors for T2DM(all P<0.001).The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that as NPC1L1 and PCSK9 levels increased,FINS,HbA1c,C-P and OGTT levels also increased accordingly.With the increase of NPC1L1 and PCSK9 levels,insulin function also decreased(all P<0.05).The results of RCS model showed that with the increase of NPC1L1 and PCSK9 levels,the probability of T2DM incidence also increased(χ2=22.334,25.537,all P<0.001).No significant interaction was found between NPC1L1,PCSK9 levels and islet function indexes(P>0.05).Conclusion The levels of NPC1L1 and PCSK9 are closely related to the risk of T2DM in Mongolian residents.With the increase of NPC1L1 and PCSK9 levels,the incidence probability of T2DM increases.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of urea cycle disorder (UCD), the efficacy and safety of glyceryl phenylbutyrate (GPB) therapy in pediatric patients with UCD.Methods:This study was a retrospective, single-arm, multicenter clinical study. The clinical data of 20 pediatric patients with UCD who received GPB treatment at 9 hospitals nationwide between December 2021 and August 2024 were collected. The clinical manifestations, laboratory results, and molecular genetic characteristics were analyzed, ammonia levels and other laboratory results were evaluated pre-post GPB therapy by paired t-tests or Wilcoxon tests. Results:Among the 20 pediatric patients with UCD, there were 8 males and 12 females, and the onset age was 2.8 (1.4, 5.7) years. The ammonia levels were 174 (125, 342) μmol/L at first onset. The symptoms included vomiting in 6 cases, drowsiness in 5 cases, epilepsy in 5 cases, developmental delay in 5 cases, psychiatric and behavioral abnormalities in 3 cases, and lethargy in 1 case, and 18 cases exhibited abnormal liver function. Twenty cases included 6 UCD subtypes, with 11 cases being ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency. A total of 27 variants were identified, 11 (41%) of which were novel. The age of patients who began GPB therapy was 4.0 (1.5, 6.6) years. Ten cases stopped GPB after 4.2 (3.4, 5.3) months, with 4 patients undergoing liver transplantation and 6 discontinuing for financial reasons. The remaining ten patients continued GPB therapy for 11.6 (8.6, 14.0) months. The duration of GPB treatment was 6.0 (4.2, 12.3) months, at the final visit, the levels of ammonia, platelets and aspartate aminotransferase were lower compared to those of pre-treatment (all P<0.05). The serum albumin level was higher than that of pre-treatment ( P=0.016). Two patients suffered only one episode of acute hyperammonaemia, with ammonia levels of 232 and 141 μmol/L, respectively. Nine cases experienced adverse effects potentially related to GPB, decreased appetite in 6 cases, vomiting in 3 cases, abnormal skin oil odor in 2 cases, somnolence, fatigue and diarrhea each in 1 case, with symptoms improved within 6 (3, 10) days. Conclusions:UCD primarily manifests with neurological and gastrointestinal symptoms, and early diagnosis of UCD could be achieved through the analysis of ammonia. GPB may effectively reduce ammonia levels in UCD pediatric patients, with favorable safety and tolerability.

Objective:To investigate alterations in static regional homogeneity(ReHo) and dynamic regional homogeneity (dReHo) and glucose metabolism in MRI-negative refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients using resting-state PET-MRI, and to evaluate their efficacy in predicting surgical outcomes.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional design. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical and imaging data of 30 patients with MRI-negative refractory TLE (patient group) treated at Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, between 2016 and 2020, and data from 30 healthy controls (control group). All MRI-negative refractory TLE patients underwent surgical treatment and were further divided into a good prognosis subgroup (Engel Class I, 16 cases) and a poor prognosis subgroup (Engel Class Ⅱ-Ⅳ, 14 cases) based on postoperative Engel classification. Analysis of variance was used to compare differences in static ReHo, dReHo, and glucose metabolism(SUVR) among the three groups. The correlation of static ReHo, dReHo, and SUVR values of differential brain regions with Engel grading was analyzed using Spearman. A support vector machine (SVM) model was constructed using the static ReHo, dReHo, and SUVR values from these differential regions to classify and predict patient prognosis. The predictive performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves and the area under the curve (AUC).Results:Differential dReHo regions among the good prognosis subgroup, poor prognosis subgroup, and control group were located in the right lateral middle temporal gyrus temporal pole, the right fusiform gyrus, the right insula subfrontal gyrus, the left cuneate lobe, the right medial and paracortical cingulate gyrus, and the right supraparietal gyrus; the differential static ReHo regions were primarily found in the bilateral inferior temporal gyrus, the supraparietal gyrus, and the right subfrontal gyrus, the left medial supraparietal gyrus, the left median frontal gyrus, and the right marginal supraparietal gyrus; SUVR differences were in the affected superior, middle and inferior temporal lobes, the internal olfactory cortex and the temporal pole region. dReHo of right middle temporal gyrus temporal pole in patients with MRI-negative TLE showed a positive correlation with Engel classification ( r=0.421, P=0.020). The SVM model based on dReHo combined with SUVR values classified patients with good and poor prognosis with an AUC of 0.825 and an accuracy of 73.3%. Conclusions:In MRI-negative refractory TLE patients, abnormal dReHo regions are predominantly located in the contralateral default mode network areas and are associated with Engel classification. Combined with glucose metabolism values, dReHo can predict postoperative outcomes in MRI-negative TLE patients.

To establish an immunochromatographic method for rapid detection of caprine enterovir-us(CEV),the monoclonal antibody against CEV VP1 protein was used as gold-labeled monoclonal antibodies,and the purified rabbit-derived polyclonal antibody of CEV-VP1 and sheep anti-mouse IgG were used as the detection line and quality control line,respectively.The colloidal gold immu-nochromatographic test strips for CEV were prepared according to the principle of double antibody sandwich,evaluated,and applied for clinical specimen detection.The results showed that the meth-od specifically recognized CEV without cross-reaction with bovine enterovirus and bovine viral di-arrhea virus.The minimum detection limit of the method was 102.49 TCID50/mL and had good re-producibility.The prepared test strips had a shelf life of three months kept at 4 ℃.Detection of clin-ical samples using the immunochromatographic test strips showed 100％coincidence rate with RT-PCR method.In conclusion,the colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strips for detection of the emerging CEV with good specificity,sensitivity and repeatability,which provides a new techni-cal means easily used for the rapid detection/diagnosis and epidemiological investigation on CEV infection.

Objective:To explore the developmental trajectories of care dependency in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and to identify its influencing factors.Methods:A convenience sampling method was used to recruit patients who underwent PCI at China-Japan Friendship Hospital of Jilin University from August 2023 to July 2024. The Chinese version of the Care Dependency Scale was administered at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively. A latent growth mixture model was employed to identify trajectories of care dependency. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the influencing factors.Results:A total of 397 questionnaires were distributed, and 389 valid questionnaires were returned, with a response rate of 97.98% (389/397). Three distinct trajectories of care dependency were identified among the 389 patients: stable low dependency, recovering high dependency, and persistent high dependency. Age, cardiac function classification, number of comorbidities, frailty, self-efficacy, and utilization of chronic disease resources were significantly associated with different trajectory classes ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Care dependency after PCI exhibits heterogeneity in its developmental trajectories. Patients in the persistent high-dependency group represent a high-risk subgroup requiring special attention. Nursing staff should enhance their ability to recognize trajectory patterns and implement precise interventions based on trajectory type and influencing factors.

Objective To explore the relationship between serum Niemann-pick type C1 like protein1(NPC1L1)and propro-tein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9(PCSK9)levels and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)in Mongolian residents.Methods A total of 72 Mongolian patients with T2DM treated in Peking University Cancer Hospital,Inner Mongolia Hospital and the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University from June 2022 to June 2024 were selected as the T2DM group,and 81 healthy people in the same period were selected as the control group.LASSO model and multivariate Logistic regression model were used to screen the risk factors of disease onset.Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the correlation between NPC1L1 and PCSK9 levels and insulin function.Restricted cubic spline(RCS)model was used to analyze the dose-response relationship between NPC1L1 and PCSK9 levels and the incidence of T2DM,and explored the interaction between NPC1L1 and PCSK9 levels on the incidence of T2DM.Results NPC1L1(3.11±0.80 ng/L)and PCSK9(10.63±0.79 ng/L)in T2DM group were significantly higher than those in the control group(0.52±0.22 ng/L,3.21±0.17 ng/L),and the differences were statisti-cally significant(t=27.982,82.443,all P<0.05).NPC1L1(OR=2.458,95%CI=2.364～2.594,P<0.05)and PCSK9(OR=2.905,95%CI=2.541～3.528)were risk factors for T2DM(all P<0.001).The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that as NPC1L1 and PCSK9 levels increased,FINS,HbA1c,C-P and OGTT levels also increased accordingly.With the increase of NPC1L1 and PCSK9 levels,insulin function also decreased(all P<0.05).The results of RCS model showed that with the increase of NPC1L1 and PCSK9 levels,the probability of T2DM incidence also increased(χ2=22.334,25.537,all P<0.001).No significant interaction was found between NPC1L1,PCSK9 levels and islet function indexes(P>0.05).Conclusion The levels of NPC1L1 and PCSK9 are closely related to the risk of T2DM in Mongolian residents.With the increase of NPC1L1 and PCSK9 levels,the incidence probability of T2DM increases.

To establish an immunochromatographic method for rapid detection of caprine enterovir-us(CEV),the monoclonal antibody against CEV VP1 protein was used as gold-labeled monoclonal antibodies,and the purified rabbit-derived polyclonal antibody of CEV-VP1 and sheep anti-mouse IgG were used as the detection line and quality control line,respectively.The colloidal gold immu-nochromatographic test strips for CEV were prepared according to the principle of double antibody sandwich,evaluated,and applied for clinical specimen detection.The results showed that the meth-od specifically recognized CEV without cross-reaction with bovine enterovirus and bovine viral di-arrhea virus.The minimum detection limit of the method was 102.49 TCID50/mL and had good re-producibility.The prepared test strips had a shelf life of three months kept at 4 ℃.Detection of clin-ical samples using the immunochromatographic test strips showed 100％coincidence rate with RT-PCR method.In conclusion,the colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strips for detection of the emerging CEV with good specificity,sensitivity and repeatability,which provides a new techni-cal means easily used for the rapid detection/diagnosis and epidemiological investigation on CEV infection.

Objective:To explore the developmental trajectories of care dependency in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and to identify its influencing factors.Methods:A convenience sampling method was used to recruit patients who underwent PCI at China-Japan Friendship Hospital of Jilin University from August 2023 to July 2024. The Chinese version of the Care Dependency Scale was administered at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively. A latent growth mixture model was employed to identify trajectories of care dependency. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the influencing factors.Results:A total of 397 questionnaires were distributed, and 389 valid questionnaires were returned, with a response rate of 97.98% (389/397). Three distinct trajectories of care dependency were identified among the 389 patients: stable low dependency, recovering high dependency, and persistent high dependency. Age, cardiac function classification, number of comorbidities, frailty, self-efficacy, and utilization of chronic disease resources were significantly associated with different trajectory classes ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Care dependency after PCI exhibits heterogeneity in its developmental trajectories. Patients in the persistent high-dependency group represent a high-risk subgroup requiring special attention. Nursing staff should enhance their ability to recognize trajectory patterns and implement precise interventions based on trajectory type and influencing factors.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of urea cycle disorder (UCD), the efficacy and safety of glyceryl phenylbutyrate (GPB) therapy in pediatric patients with UCD.Methods:This study was a retrospective, single-arm, multicenter clinical study. The clinical data of 20 pediatric patients with UCD who received GPB treatment at 9 hospitals nationwide between December 2021 and August 2024 were collected. The clinical manifestations, laboratory results, and molecular genetic characteristics were analyzed, ammonia levels and other laboratory results were evaluated pre-post GPB therapy by paired t-tests or Wilcoxon tests. Results:Among the 20 pediatric patients with UCD, there were 8 males and 12 females, and the onset age was 2.8 (1.4, 5.7) years. The ammonia levels were 174 (125, 342) μmol/L at first onset. The symptoms included vomiting in 6 cases, drowsiness in 5 cases, epilepsy in 5 cases, developmental delay in 5 cases, psychiatric and behavioral abnormalities in 3 cases, and lethargy in 1 case, and 18 cases exhibited abnormal liver function. Twenty cases included 6 UCD subtypes, with 11 cases being ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency. A total of 27 variants were identified, 11 (41%) of which were novel. The age of patients who began GPB therapy was 4.0 (1.5, 6.6) years. Ten cases stopped GPB after 4.2 (3.4, 5.3) months, with 4 patients undergoing liver transplantation and 6 discontinuing for financial reasons. The remaining ten patients continued GPB therapy for 11.6 (8.6, 14.0) months. The duration of GPB treatment was 6.0 (4.2, 12.3) months, at the final visit, the levels of ammonia, platelets and aspartate aminotransferase were lower compared to those of pre-treatment (all P<0.05). The serum albumin level was higher than that of pre-treatment ( P=0.016). Two patients suffered only one episode of acute hyperammonaemia, with ammonia levels of 232 and 141 μmol/L, respectively. Nine cases experienced adverse effects potentially related to GPB, decreased appetite in 6 cases, vomiting in 3 cases, abnormal skin oil odor in 2 cases, somnolence, fatigue and diarrhea each in 1 case, with symptoms improved within 6 (3, 10) days. Conclusions:UCD primarily manifests with neurological and gastrointestinal symptoms, and early diagnosis of UCD could be achieved through the analysis of ammonia. GPB may effectively reduce ammonia levels in UCD pediatric patients, with favorable safety and tolerability.

Objective:To investigate alterations in static regional homogeneity(ReHo) and dynamic regional homogeneity (dReHo) and glucose metabolism in MRI-negative refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients using resting-state PET-MRI, and to evaluate their efficacy in predicting surgical outcomes.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional design. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical and imaging data of 30 patients with MRI-negative refractory TLE (patient group) treated at Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, between 2016 and 2020, and data from 30 healthy controls (control group). All MRI-negative refractory TLE patients underwent surgical treatment and were further divided into a good prognosis subgroup (Engel Class I, 16 cases) and a poor prognosis subgroup (Engel Class Ⅱ-Ⅳ, 14 cases) based on postoperative Engel classification. Analysis of variance was used to compare differences in static ReHo, dReHo, and glucose metabolism(SUVR) among the three groups. The correlation of static ReHo, dReHo, and SUVR values of differential brain regions with Engel grading was analyzed using Spearman. A support vector machine (SVM) model was constructed using the static ReHo, dReHo, and SUVR values from these differential regions to classify and predict patient prognosis. The predictive performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves and the area under the curve (AUC).Results:Differential dReHo regions among the good prognosis subgroup, poor prognosis subgroup, and control group were located in the right lateral middle temporal gyrus temporal pole, the right fusiform gyrus, the right insula subfrontal gyrus, the left cuneate lobe, the right medial and paracortical cingulate gyrus, and the right supraparietal gyrus; the differential static ReHo regions were primarily found in the bilateral inferior temporal gyrus, the supraparietal gyrus, and the right subfrontal gyrus, the left medial supraparietal gyrus, the left median frontal gyrus, and the right marginal supraparietal gyrus; SUVR differences were in the affected superior, middle and inferior temporal lobes, the internal olfactory cortex and the temporal pole region. dReHo of right middle temporal gyrus temporal pole in patients with MRI-negative TLE showed a positive correlation with Engel classification ( r=0.421, P=0.020). The SVM model based on dReHo combined with SUVR values classified patients with good and poor prognosis with an AUC of 0.825 and an accuracy of 73.3%. Conclusions:In MRI-negative refractory TLE patients, abnormal dReHo regions are predominantly located in the contralateral default mode network areas and are associated with Engel classification. Combined with glucose metabolism values, dReHo can predict postoperative outcomes in MRI-negative TLE patients.