Steroid-restant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) is often continuously relapsed, and even develops into end-stage renal di-sease. It has been a great difficulty in the treatment of nephritic syndrome in children. In recent years, many researchers of children SRNS on diagnosis, pathology, treatment have been carried on domestically and in abroad. This paper reviews the latest update on the di-agnosis and treatment of SRNS in children.

The Content of LT B_4 in the edge of 36 SD rats were determined by HPLC. It was found that the content of LTB_4 in the anternortem wounds is markedly increased, and has certain linear relationship with time of injury within one hour. No increasing of LTB_4 could be found in the postmortem wounds. It indicates that it is very valuable to estimate time of injury by determining LT B_4 content in wound edge, The content of LTB_4 in wound edge can be determined rapidly and accurately with HPLC.

The cooperation of NO air-feed system and respirator, in which the integrative and separate modes are involved, is introduced in this paper. Its disadvantages and development trend are also discussed on the bases of the constitution of the mixed gas containing NO and O2/air, the synchronous working of NO air-feed system and respirator and the inspection of NO/NO2 gas.

OBJECTIVE To assure the medical safety,enhance the medical care,prevent medical infection by(endoscope) examination and do effectively the standardized management for rinse and disinfection of endoscope.METHODS Strengthening the organization,to establish and consummate the system,increase the devotion of(facilities,) organize personal training and standardize the work procedures.RESULTS The work for rinse and(disinfection) of endoscope in hospital came to be standardized management gradually.CONCLUSIONS The(standardized) management for rinse and disinfection of endoscope is the assurance for the validity and security of(endoscope) sterilization.

Objectives:To examine the effect of chloride blocker (NPPB and tamoxifen)on volume sensitive chloride channels in mouse cardiac ventricular myocytes. Methods:Isolated mouse cardiac ventricular myocytes were subjected to whole cell patch clamp to record the hypotonicity activated chloride currents. Results:When the myocytes were exposed to hypotonic solution, an obvious whole cell currents were activated. The currents were inhibited by extracellular NPPB reversibly and significantly. The specific blocker for volume sensitive chloride channel , tamoxifen (50 ?mol/L), could apparently block the activity of this channel in a voltage dependent manner. Conclusions:Mouse cardiac ventricular myocytes process volume sensitive chloride channel which is sensitive to NPPB and tamoxifen.

Objective To investigate the association between left ventricular hypertrophy and peritoneal transport properties in Peritoneal Dialysis patients.Methods Sixty-nine Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD)patients were enrolled in current study.All patients underwent echocardiography for left ventricular mass index (LVMI).Transport status was categorized as high transport,high average transport,low average transport and low transport based on modified peritoneal equilibration test (PET).The data collected included hemoglobin,albumin,blood urea nitrogen,creatinine,urea clearance (Kt/V) and creatinine clearance rate (Ccr),dialysis vintage,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure.Results Patients with high transport status were 41 cases,more than those with low transport status(28 cases).The dialysis age of high transport,high average transport,low average transport and low transport vintage were (39.2 ± 21.8),(26.6 ±15.6),(28.6 ± 14.4),(45.7 ± 35.0) years old respectively,and the difference was significant (F =4.128,P ＜ 0.05).The dialysis age in the higher transport group was longer than that in high average transport group and low average transport group (P ＜ 0.05).LVMI has significant positive correlations with D/Pcr at 4th hour,SBP and DBP (r =0.339,0.351,0.316,P ＜ 0.01) and the negative correlation with albmin (r =-0.292,P ＜0.05).Left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH) in all patients was 63.8％,ant it was higher in high transport group than that low average transport and low transport group (x2 =5.455,5.091,P ＜ 0.05) Conclusion High transport status is the most common in CAPD patients.There is high incident rate of LVH in this population.LVH has significant positive correlations with D/Pcr,higher SBP,DBP,and lower albumin.

objective To investigate the clinical signiifcance of the changes of angiotensionⅡ(AngⅡ) in children with IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Methods Thirty children diagnosed as primary IgA nephropathy by renal biopsy (IgAN group) and 30 healthy children (control group) were recruited from May 2008 to December 2012. The serum and urine AngⅡwere measured by ELISA and compared between IgAN group and control group. The AngⅡexpression in the renal tissue of IgAN group was detected by immuno-histochemical method, and was correlated with other clinical data.. Results Urine AngⅡwas signiifcantly higher in the primary IgAN group than that of control group (P<0.05);AngⅡexpression in the urine is positively correlated with proteinuria (r=0.37, P=0.046), and is associated with the severity of clinical presentation; AngⅡexpression in kidney tissue increased with the severity of the renal histopathologic grading (r=0.69, 0.79, P=0.000), while AngⅡin blood and proteinuria, AngⅡexpression in kidney tissue were not signiifcantly correlated with the number of crescents. Conclusions Urine AngⅡin children with IgAN is signiifcantly correlated with the severity of the pathologic stage and the level of proteinuria. Urine AngⅡdetection may be useful to assess the progress and prognosis of chronic kidney disease.

OBJECTIVE To enhance the management against the HIV and AIDS,strengthen the awareness of occupational protection among medical staff,and prevent the HIV spreads in the hospital.METHODS To establish the HIV/AIDS monitoring report management system,launching AIDS knowledge training,screening HIV seriously in hospital,sterilizing strictly with the medical instrument and managing the medical discards,and standardizing procedures of the medical nursing and process after the occupational exposing.RESULTS Through establishing the HIV/AIDS monitoring report management system and launching occupation protection training,the awareness of medical staff for precaution against the HIV/ AIDS was enhanced obviously.They could discover the patients early and take the effective measures for protection,sterilization and isolation in time.The average number of diagnosis days for HIV/AIDS patients shortened obviously than before.CONCLUSIONS Through enhancing management and supervision for HIV/AIDS in hospital,paying more attention to safety education for medical staff,we can prevent the AIDS spreading in the hospital and reduce the occurrence of occupational exposure among medical staff.

The research in bone tissue engineering is abundant and its development is rapid,however,there has been no ideal scaffold materials.We review the recent articles on bone tissue engineering,including ceramics materials,polymerized materials,materials deriver from natural biological organism and their compound materials

Objective To investigate the clinical features of gastric stump ulcer (GSU)after partial gastrectomy due to gastroduodenal ulcer.Methods From January 1st 2007 to October 31th 2013,272 patients with partial gastrectomy for gastroduodenal ulcer underwent gastroscopy due to upper gastrointestinal symptoms were collected.Among them,there were 237 male patients and 35 female patients with the average age (55 .4 ± 13.0 )years.The lesion location,symptoms and pathological changes of GSU were analyzed.Chi-square test and Fisher exact probability analysis were used for count data comparison.The t test was performed for measurement data comparison.Results There was no significant difference between patients with GSU after Billroth Ⅰ gastrectomy and Billroth Ⅱ gastrectomy in the incidence of dysphagia,nausea and vomiting,retrosternal pain,retrosternal buring sensation,upper abdominal pain, abdominal distention, acid regurgitation and (or) epigastric buring sensation, hematemesis and (or)melena (all P >0.05 ).The proportion of ulcer located in remnant stomach and anastomotic stoma of patients with Billroth Ⅰ gastrectomy (24.7%,18/73 and 72.6%,53/73 )was higher than those of patients with Billroth Ⅱ gastrectomy (10.1 %,20/199 and 58.3%,116/199 )and the difference was statistically significant (OR=2.929 and 1 .896,95 %CI :1 .448 to 5 .927 and 1 .055 to 3.409,χ2 =9.482 and 4.649,P =0.002 and 0.031 ).There was no significant difference between the proportion of afferent loop and efferent loop ulcer in patients with Billroth Ⅱ gastrectomy and the proportion of duodenal ulcer in patients with Billroth Ⅰ gastrectomy (P =0.619).The diameter of GSU of patients with BillrothⅠ((1.1±0.7)cm)was larger than that of ulcer of patients with BillrothⅡ((0.8±0.6)cm) and the difference was statistically significant (t = 3.591 ,P = 0.007 ).The incidence of intestinal metaplasia and atypic hyperplasia of GSU was 8.1 % (22/272),and there was no significant difference in gastric ulcer,stoma ulcer,nek ulcer,afferent loop and efferent loop ulcer (all P >0.05).The incidence of gastric stump cancer of GSU was 4.0% (11/272)and that of gastric ulcer,stoma ulcer,nek ulcer,afferent loop and efferent loop ulcer was 13.2% (5/38 ),2.4% (4/169 ),1.8% (1/55 )and 1/10,respectively.The incidence of gastric stump cancer of gastric ulcer was significantly higher than that of stoma ulcer and nek ulcer, the differences were statistically significant (OR =6.250 and 8.182,95%CI :1.593 to 24.519 and 0.915 to 73.126,χ2 =8.687 and 4.788,P =0.012 and 0.040).There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of gastric stump cancer of GSU in other gastric parts (all P > 0.05 ).There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of intestinal metaplasia,atypic hyperplasia and gastric stump cancer between case with BillrothⅠgastrectomy and case with Billroth Ⅱ gastrectomy (P =0.650 and 0.733).Among the 11 gastric stump cancers,the number of cases with the onset time with 20 years,20-30 years and beyond 30 years after gastrectomy were one,three,seven,respectively.Conclusion The incidence of intestinal metaplasia, atypic hyperplasia and gastric stump cancer of patients with GSU was high,and the predilection site of GSU was the remnant stomach.