Objective To investigate the improving effect of betahistine hydrochloride (BH) on the cochlear blood supply in guinea pig and the potential use in cochlear ischemia. Methods The guinea pig model of ischemic inner ear was established by ferromagnetic embolization of the target microvessels of the cochlea. A total of 10 model guinea pigs were divided into BH group and control group ( n =5 in each group). Guinea pigs in BH group were treated with 0.1% BH through gastric canal, and those in the control group with the identical volume of saline. At 24 h after treatment, the cochlear blood flow (CBF), auditory brainstem responses (ABR), ferromagnetic emboli in the microvessels of cochlear lateral wall, and the hair cell succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) activity were detected. Results CBF in 10 ears in the control group was (50?7)%, and the elevated ABR threshold was found in 7 ears (70%). Ferromagnetic emboli confirmed by carbonyl iron spheres were extensively distributed in the microvessels in the cochlear lateral wall. Spot like lesion of the outer hair cells was found in SDH stained basic membrane. However, in BH group, CBF was (81?11)%. Elevated threshold of ABR was found in only 3 ears, and the ferromagnetic emboli in the microvessles in the cochlear lateral wall were less than those in the control group. Scattered lesions of the outer hair cells were found in SDH stained basic membrane. There was significant difference in the number of deleted hair cells between the BH group and the control group. Conclusion The preliminary results indicated that BH may increase CBF and attenuate the cochlear lesion due to ischemia, resulting in partial protection of hearing.

CARMA1, BCL10 and MALT1 are lymphocyte-specific signaling molecules of NF-?B pathway.The abnormalities of those molecules such as gene mutation, rearrangement, translocation or amplification often connect with the lymphoma genesis. This article reviewed the physiological function of those molecules and the relationship between genetic abnormalities and lymphoma genesis, also with present target-treatment research and new gene medicine development.

To evaluate the incidence of sub-clinical neck metastasis and its surgical treatment in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) without clear evidences for lymph nodes metastasis, a total of 205 patients with OSCC in N0 and N1 stage(UICC 1987′s classification) were included in the study.Their clinical and histopathological files were retrospectively studied and patients were followed up after operation. Histopathological positive lymph nodes were found in 10.8%(13/120) of patients,and postoperative lymph nodes metastasis occurred in 16.5%(14/85) of patients without neck dissections.There were no significant differences between N0 and N1 groups.Neck recurrence occurred in 11.9%(5/42) of patients after functional neck dissections.The rate was higher in patients with bucal lesions.Patients undergoing radical neck dissections also had neck recurrence with an incidence of 6.4%.But most of them occurred on contralateral side. It suggested that subclinical metastasis of OSCC with clinically negative neck lymph nodes could not be neglected.Functional neck dissection should include the lymph nodes of level Ⅲ,especially for cancers located on bucca mucosa and tongue.Bilateral neck dissection is necessary for large primary lesions spreading to the contralateral side.

To evaluate the incidence of sub clinical neck metastasis and its surgical treatment in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) without clear evidences for lymph nodes metastasis, a total of 205 patients with OSCC in N0 and N1 stage(UICC 1987′s classification) were included in the study.Their clinical and histopathological files were retrospectively studied and patients were followed up after operation. Histopathological positive lymph nodes were found in 10 8%(13/120) of patients,and postoperative lymph nodes metastasis occurred in 16 5%(14/85) of patients without neck dissections.There were no significant differences between N0 and N1 groups.Neck recurrence occurred in 11 9%(5/42) of patients after functional neck dissections.The rate was higher in patients with bucal lesions.Patients undergoing radical neck dissections also had neck recurrence with an incidence of 6 4%.But most of them occurred on contralateral side. It suggested that subclinical metastasis of OSCC with clinically negative neck lymph nodes could not be neglected.Functional neck dissection should include the lymph nodes of level Ⅲ,especially for cancers located on bucca mucosa and tongue.Bilateral neck dissection is necessary for large primary lesions spreading to the contralateral side.

Objective To investigate the effects of radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFT) on pathological features and the expressions of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) at lower esophageal sphincter (LES) in family dogs. Methods A total of 15 dogs were randomly divided into three groups. Sham group underwent gastroscopy and was fed for 3 months (n=5). Dogs were given RFT and were fed for 24 h after RFT (n=5, RFT+24 h group). Dogs were given RFT and were fed for 3 months after RFT (n=5, RFT+3m group). The pathological changes of LES were observed after HE staining in three groups. The expressions of ChAT, VIP and NOS were detected by immunohistochemical method in three groups. Results Results of HE staining showed nearly the same tissues in Sham group and control group. There were active inflammatory reaction and structural damage in RFT+24 h group. The chronic in-flammatory reaction and structural remodeling were found in RFT+3m group. Immunohistochemistry showed that ChAT was significantly increased in RFT+3m group compare than that of Sham group. Values of VIP and NOS were significantly de-creased in RFT+3m group compare than that of Sham group (P<0.01). Conclusion The thickness and increased pressure of LES were found after RFT,which also caused changes in neurotransmitters of local tissues in dogs.

Objective:To investigate the expression and biological significance of MicroRNA-204 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods: qRT-PCR was applied to detect the relative expression of miR-204 in 43 paired nasopharyngeal carcinoma in comparison to the normal nasal mucosa tissues. Pearson chi-square test was used to analyze the relationship between the miR-204 expression and clinical features. The expressions of Bcl-2 and SIRT1 were measured by immunohistochemistry ( IHC ) , Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between miR-204 and Bcl-2,as well as SIRT1. We then transfected the miR-204 mimics into CNE-2 cells,then the Western blot was used to detect the expression of Bcl-2 and SIRT1,which were considered as the potential targets of miR-204. Results:The relative expressions of miR-204 was significantly downregulated in NPC tissues compared to those of the matched normal tumor-adjacent tissues(P<0. 05). Low expression of miR-204 was significantly associated with lymphatic metastasis(P<0. 05) and advanced TNM stage(Ⅲ+Ⅳ,P<0. 05). The expressions of Bcl-2 and Sirt1 in lower miR-204 level group were both higher than in higher miR-204 level group ( P<0. 05 ) . Both the mRNA and protin expression in CNE-2 cells were down-regulated after transfection. Conclusion: Low expression of miR-204 is related to the malignant clinicopathological features in NPC tissues,and miR-204 may through down-regulate Bcl-2 and SIRT1 to suppress NPC genesis and development.

OBJECTIVE: To provide reference for the research and development of current hospital pharmaceutical preparation.METHODS: The development strategy and research & development thinking were put forward on the basis of current state laws and regulations as well as the newest trend in pharmaceutical researching field.RESULTS: Firstly,the development strategy should be planned elaborately such as building moderate-scale manufacturing laboratory,introducing advanced instrument and equipment,cultivating high quality talented group,establishing highly efficient running mechanism,formulating valid incentive policy and implementing scientific standardized management.Furthermore,research and development thinking should be scientific and feasible to adopt new pharmaceutical technology to research new pharmaceutical dosage form and develop new compound preparation,distinctive preparation and Chinese traditional medicine preparation based on the clinic requirement.CONCLUSIONS: Hospital pharmaceutical preparation can go out of the predicament and realize sustainable development so long as formulating active correct development strategy and stick to scientific feasible research thinking.

Objective To study the clinical efficacy and safety of Bryan-Morrey approach combined with anatomic locking plate fixation for the treatment of type C fractures of distal humerus.Methods Performed a prospective study from from Mar.2011 to Aug.2014.Thirty-three cases of distal humerus fracture were included in our study,and the mean age was (37.3 ±4.1) years old.The fracture type of distal humerus was 13-C according to Mayo classification.All the fractures treated with a Bryan-Morrey approach and anatomic locking plates.In the follow-up,Mayo scores of elbow,measurement of range of motion,elbow flexion and extension muscle strength were recorded and analysed.Results In this study,there were no serious complications,such as nonunion,rupture of triceps tendon and the infection,except partial sensory function injury of ulnar nerve in 5 cases.At the last time of the follow-up,elbow flexion muscle strength and extension muscle strength did not significantly decreased significantly compared with strength of the normal side.The mean flexion of the injured side was (134.5 ± 10.1) degrees,and the mean extension was (-1 1.5 ± 8.1) degrees.According to Mayo elbow performance score,the average scores of elbow was (86.2 ± 7.8),84％ of the patients got excellent or very excellent function results.Conclusion The Bryan-Morrey approach combined with anatomic locking plate fixation is a good choice for the treatment of distal humerus fractures of AO C type.

Objective To provide a quantitative summary estimate on the efficacy and safety measures of the combination therapy.Methods We searched databases(Medline and Embase)from January 1997 to December 2009 using‘ Fluticasone and salmerterol' or‘ Seretide' or‘ Advair' or‘ budesonide/formoterol' or‘ Symbicort Turbuhaler' in combination with ‘ Randomised controlled trial'.The databases of GlaxoSmithKline Clinical Trial Register and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register,or relevant original studies and review articles were approached for additional studies or details of all relevant studies.Results Morning peak expiratory flow(PEF),evening PEF and clinic FEV1 were 17.59L/min,14.95L/min and 0.08L/min higher with combination therpy than with increasing ICSs by two fold or more at endpoint,respectively.The risk of asthmatic exacerbation was reduced in the combination therpy group compared with the increased doses of ICS groups,with OR being 0.61(95 ％ CI 0.53 ～ 0.70,P ＜ 0.01).Significantly increases in the percent of symptom-free days 6.30(95％ CI 3.52 ～9.10),asthma-control days 9.49(95％ CI 4.74 ～14.25)and relieve-free days 6.59(95％ CI 6.10 ～ 7.08)were observed in patients treated with ICS/LABA compared with increased doses of ICSs at endpoint.Reduction in reliever medication use(inhalations/day)0.22(95 ％ CI 0.11 ～0.33)with significant difference was also observed at endpoint.Conclusion Combination products of ICS/LABA were more effective than a high dose of ICSs in improving lung function,reducing asthmatic exacerbation and use of reliever medication and improving control of asthma.

[Objective] To determine the sun protection factor (SPF) and protection factor of ultraviolet A (PFA) of a self-made sunscreen cream.[Methods] The sample of a self-made sunscreen cream and a commercial sunscreen cream were painted to an artificial skin (3M film) at a dose of 2 μl/cm2,and a tester was used to evaluate their photoprotective effect.A total of 48 albinism guinea pigs were classified into 8 groups to remain unprotected or be protected by the self-made or commercial sunscreen cream.A solar ultraviolet light simulator (SUV-1000) was used to simulate the ultraviolet rays in sunlight to irradiate the guinea pigs,and the photoprotecfive effect of these sunscreen creams was determined.[Results] The in vitro evaluation revealed that the SPF value of the self-made sun-screen cream and commercial cream was 32.26 ± 2.42 and 30.87 ± 2.57respectively (n =5,t =0.94,P ＞ 0.05),and the PFA value was 24.28 ± 2.44 and 17.53 ± 2.28 respectively (n =5,t =4.52,P＜ 0.01 ).As the in vivo experiment showed,the SPF value of the self-made sun-screen cream and commercial cream was 30.39 ± 6.65 and 28.79 ± 7.36,respectively (n =12,t =0.38,P＞ 0.05),and the PFA value was ＞ 8.91 and ＞ 8.93 respectively.[Conclusion] The photoprotective effect of the self-made sunscreen cream is similar to that of the commercial cream.