Objective Oral and Maxillofacial trauma Diagnosis and Treatment Expert system (OMDTES)was used in maxillofacial trauma PBL teaching to improve the quality of PBL teaching,and perfeet the assessment criteria, Methods OMDTES was applied in two procedures of maxillofacial injury PBL teaching activity:the preparation of lesson plan and assessment criteria.Then a questionnaire was designed to assess the effect of this new mode of PBL teaching.Results The new teaching model is welcomed by students and can improve students'interest in learning,the satisfaction of teaching and ameliorate method of assessment of PBL teaching.Conclusion Applying OMDTES in oral and maxinofacial injury PBL teaching has special advantages in raising the leavnevs'activity of learning,training their ability of chnical thinking and analysis.And it is worthy of further research and amelioration.

Objective To summarize the clinical features and vascular lesions in patients who suffered from cerebellar infarction with vertebral artery hypoplasia(VAH). Methods Retrospective analysis was used in the research. The selected patients suffered from cerebellar infarction with VAH or stenosis (stenosis rate≥50%). Seventy-one patients with cerebellar infarction were enrolled. There were 34 patients in VAH group and 37 patients in vertebral artery stenosis group. The age, sex, risk factors, clinical manifestations and characteristics of vascular examination were compared. Results The age, sex, risk factors between two groups had no significant differences (P>0.05). The scores of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) between two groups had no significant difference (P>0.05). The proportion of early neurological deterioration in VAH group (41.2%, 14/34) was higher than that in vertebral artery stenosis group (18.9%, 7/37), χ2=4.21, P<0.05. There were more patients with anterior circulation artery stenosis in the VAH group (35.3%, 12/34), compared with that in artery stenosis group (13.5%, 5/37),χ2=4.62, P<0.05. Except the ipsilateral vertebral artery, other arteries stenosis in VAH group (44.1%, 15/34) was significantly higher than that in vertebral artery stenosis group (13.5%, 5/37),χ2=8.20, P<0.05. Conclusions Cerebellar infarction with vertebral artery hypoplasia is more likely to have multiple cerebral arterial stenosis (stenosis rate ≥50%). The patients who suffered from cerebellar infarction with vertebral artery hypoplasia might be prone to early neurological deterioration.

Objective To examine the concurrent validity of Peabody'S developmental motor scale number 2(PDMS-2)and Gesell's developmental scales with 1 2 to 30 month-old children with cerebral palsy (CP)and to assess the value of PDMS-2 in measuring motor function in children with CP.Methods Eighty-four children with CP aged 12 to 30 months were assessed with both PDMS-2 and Gesell's developmental scales.The correlation between PDMS-2 gross motor quotients and Gesell gross motor developmental quotients,and be-tween PDMS-2 fine motor quotients and Gesell fine motor developmental quotients were compared using Spearman rank correlation coefficients. Results The correlation coefficient between PDMS-2 gross motor quo-tient and the Gesell gross motor developmental quotient was 0.89.Between PDMS-2 fine motor quotient and Gesell's fine motor developmental quotient it was 0.87.The concurrent validities were 0.28 and 0.42 respec-tively. Conclusion PDMS-2 gross motor quotient and Gesell's gross motor developmental quotient are highly correlated,as are PDM S-2 fine motor quotient and Gesell's fine motor developmental quotient.The concurrent validities were between classifications using the PDMS-2 gross motor quotient and Gesell's gross motor develop- mental quotient were weakly correlated,but there was moderate correlation between PDM S-2 fine motor quotientsand Gesell fine gross developmental quotients.There may be limitations in assessing motor function children aged12 to 30 months with cerebral palsy using PDMS-2.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of early intervention on intellectual development in children with brain injury syndrome. Methods107 children with brain injury syndrome were divided into intervention group （n=73） and observation group （n=34）. The intervention group accepted early interventions for mental retardation introduced in child early education manual. Observation group accepted family training. They were followed up once per 1 or 2 months, and assessed with Gesell Developmental Schedules 6 months later. ResultsThere were more children whose adaptability DQ within the normal range (maintained or restored) in the intervention group than in the observation group. ConclusionEarly intervention may decrease the intellectual retardation for children with brain injury syndrome.

Objective To compare the effects of 2 vascular carriers, arteriovenous loop and arteri-ovenous bundle, on inducing angiogenesis in coral scaffold of vascularized tissue-engineered bone in animal models.Methods Thirty-six adult male New Zealand rabbits were randomized into 2 even groups.In group A, an arteriovenous loop (AVL) was formed by microsurgical anastomosis at the proximal ends between the femoral poptiteal artery and vein, and placed in the circular side groove of the coral block (6 mm × 8 mm × 10 mm) .In group B, flow-through vessels bundles of both femoral artery and vein were placed in the side grooves of the coral block.All the implants in 2 groups were wrapped by a micro-porous expand-ed-polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membrane, and fixed subcutaneously by suturing.Evaluation methods included gross morphological observations, histological examinations, India ink perfusion and vascular casting after 2, 4, 6 weeks.The density of blood vessels was analyzed by the statistical software SPSS 10.0.Results All the corals were encased by newly formed fibrovascular tissues in 2 groups.Ink-stained vessels distributed the surfaces and side grooves, and invaded the interspaces of corals.The degree of vascularization increased over the course of experiment.Blood vessel density demonstrated a significant continuous increase between 2 and 6 weeks after implantation in group A.The mean value of blood vessel density in group A (2 weeks 276.60±4.67, 4 weeks 517.20±10.66, 6 weeks 707.00 ±11.87) was significantly higher than in group B (2 weeks 153.60 ±7.16, 4 weeks 269.40±6.80, 6 weeks 279.20±6.53) (P <0.01).Vascular casting showed that in group A, significant blood vessels sprouted from all areas of the loop, espe-cially at the entrance of the arteriovenous pediele where the small tubes were densely interconnected.In group B, however, no blood vessels sprouted from the arteriovenous bundles and only some small vessels grew from the entrance and exit.Conclusions A vascularized coral model can be constructed by inserting an ar-teriovenous loop or an arteriovenous bundle, useful in vascular bone tissue engineering.The former, however, have stronger abilities to induce angiogenesis than the latter.

Objective To investigate whether calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP) can influence the proliferation and phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs),and what is the relationship between them. Methods Vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs) were cultured respectively with rat aorta cultivated for 8 days in vitro and with normal aorta(not culture) through the explant-attached method,and CGRP was added into the culture medium of the experimental groups.The proliferation of cells was labeled by 5-bromodeoxyuridine(5-BrdU) with immunocytochemical method,and the mRNA expression of hypertension-related gene-1(HRG-1) and smooth muscle 22 alpha(SM22?) were determined by RT-PCR. Results The proliferating cells labeled by BrDU from the aorta cultured for 8 days in vitro were increased notablly and the mRNA expression of HRG-1 and SM22? were decreased.While the VSMCs were cultured in the culture medium containing CGRP,the proliferous cells labeled by BrdU were obviously decreased and the mRNA expression of HRG-1 and SM22? were significantly increased.Conclusion It is showed that CGRP could inhibit the proliferation of VSMCs and change the phenotype of VSMCs from synthesize to contractile type.It might be a good cellular model which provides a good experimental platform to research the proliferating vascular disease as well as its prevention and treatment.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational drug use in respiratory department. METHODS:ADR/ADE report-ed by respiratory department of a class three grade A hospital during Jan. 2011 to Dec. 2015 from national ADR monitoring system were collected. 2011-2015 ADR/ADE database of respiratory department in a hospital was established and analyzed statistically. RE-SULTS:202 records were gotten,among which 89 cases were male(44.06%)and 113 cases were female(55.94%);the patients’ age approximated normal distribution,the incidence of ADR/ADE was the highest in 61-80 age group (55.94%);the occurrence time of ADR/ADE was mostly lower than 1 h (47.21%);the main route of administration was intravenous drip (71.29%);22 kinds of drugs were involved,and antibiotics took up the lead(43.11%);84 patients(41.58%)used 2 and more kinds of drugs before the occarrence of ADR/ADE;organs/systems involved in ADR/ADE were skin and its appendants (32.86%) and digestive system(26.19%). Most of the ADR/ADE could be cured or recovered after related treatment. CONCLUSIONS:The occurrence of ADR/ADE in respiratory department is related to various factors,of which advanced age,intravenous administration and antibiotics use are important ones. Great importance should be attached to rational clinical drug use as well as ADR/ADE monitoring and re-porting. Clinical also should pay attention to the safety of drug use in elderly patients.

Objective To comparatively analyze the domestic and foreign sicentific product, academic impact and cooperation in toxicology from 1980 to 2015.Methods The countries, Chinese scientific research institutions and authors engaged in research of toxicology were analyzed according to the InCites-covered number of published pa-pers, cited papers and collaborations .The highly cited papers covered in Web of Sciene were analyzed by biblio-metric analysis.Results The number of papers on toxicology published by USA, Britian and Japan was greater than that published by other countries.The number of papers on toxicology published by China increased significantly and their academic level was notebly improved.Conclusion China should strengthen the subject system construc-tion, attach importance to frontier and retrospective analysis and international cooperation, speed up the develop-ment of toxicology and improve the academic level of its scientific achievements .

Objective To compare the three kinds of methods for in vitro primary culturing of rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblast-like cells (RASFs), in order to get fast and effective culture methods. Methods Synovial tissue from RA synovial arthroscopic resection were treated by collagenase digestion method, modified tissue culture method, double enzyme digestion method respectively. By using an inverted phase contrast microscope, cell morphology and growth characteristics were observed and identified with vimentin staining. Trypan blue was used to count the number of living cells after culturing for 14d. Results The three primary methods could successfully isolate and culture RASFs, and RASFs met the morphological characteristics of vimentin-positive cells>95%, namely, the proportion of RASFs cell confluence was 70% after 16-20days by the collagenase digestion method,whose cell confluence proportion reached 95%after 4 weeks;and the cell confluence proportion was above 70%after 10-14days by modified tissue culture method,and the cell confluence proportion reached 85%after 4 weeks by the double enzyme digestion method. The comparison of the viable cells number cultured same number of synovial tissue by the three methods show the viable cells number cultured by the modified tissue culture method were (1.60±0.08) ×106, those by the collagenase digestion method were (1.41±0.08) ×106, those by the double enzyme digestion method were (1.19 ±0.05) ×106, which were with significant difference among them (P<0.05) .The comparison of incubation time of RASFs primary cells showed it took (267.50±16.58) mins by the collagenase digestion method, (183.75 ±11.08) mins by the double enzyme digestion method, and 149.10 ±13.71mins by the modified tissue culture method, with significant differences (P<0.05) .Conclusion Modified tissue culture for RASFs is an efficient and fast culture method, the number and purity of RASFs can meet the requirements for biology experiments.