BACKGROUND: Many clinical cases have proved that the satisfactory reposition, fusion and internal fixation in the internal fixation for inferior lumbar spondylolisthesis are not consistent with the postoperative symptoms and physical signs, and functional restoration.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the application of somatosensory evoked potential(SEP) in the monitoring during internal fixation for inferior lumbar spondylolisthesis, and the effects of SEP monitoring on the improvement of postoperative symptoms and the spinal functions as well.DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial.SETTING: Inpatient department of spinal surgery, an affiliated hospital of a university. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-two patients with inferior lumbar spomlylolisthesis including 23 male and 29 female cases aged between 18 and 68 years old were admitted by the Department of Spinal Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital(Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, from June 2000 to December 2003. All cases were randomly divided into control group(n = 20) and monitor group ( n = 32).METHODS: SEP induced by segmental stimulation in cutaneous nerve was used in the control group for preoperative and intraoperative monitoring, and postoperative follow up. The intraoperative potential changes in patients with excellent and good improvement in postoperative functions had been retrospectively investigated to confirm the effective indices for intraoperative monitoring, which thereby provided references for intraoperative monitoring in patients of monitor group.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Evaluation of postoperative spinal function; ② SEP latency and amplitude.RESULTS: SEP values after postoperative anesthesia were set as basis.The manifestations of intraoperative potential alterations: ① If the latency reduced 10% -15% or the amplitude increases more than 40% after fixation, it suggested favorable prognosis; ② The potential indices were stable during monitoring, or the reduction of latency was less than 10%,or the increase of amplitude was less than 30%, the fixation could be continued, and partial functions of nerve root and symptoms could be improved after surgery; ③ During the surgery, if potential indices had transient lluctuation, which could be recovered to basic potential within 15 to 20 minutes, fixation should be stopped during the fluctuation. Still partial functions of nerve root and symptoms could be improved after surgery; ④If the intraoperative latency prolonged more than 5%, or amplitude reduced more than 10%, or part of the components disappeared, or the wave shape dispersed, it might suggest postoperative aggravation of pain and dyskinesia. So intraoperative adjustment was necessary. The coincident rate of the improvement of the indices of intraoperative monitoring and the improvement of postoperative spinal function reached 93.75%.CONCLUSION: SEP induced by segrmental stimulation in cutaneous nerve is an objective and effective method in the monitoring and instruction of decompression, reposition, fixation of internal fixation for inferior lumbar spondylolisthesis, which has important merits in the improvement of the function of nerve root and the restoration of spinal function.

To study the cartilage differentiation of mouse mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) induced by cartilage-derived morphogenetic proteins-2 in vitro, the MSCs were isolated from mouse bone marrow and cultured in vitro. The cells in passage 3 were induced into chondrogenic differentiation with different concentrations of recombinant human cartilage-derived morphogenetic proteins-2 (0, 10, 20, 50 and 100 ng/mL). After 14 days of induction, morphology of cells was observed under phase-contrast microscope. Collagen II mRNA and protein were examined with RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunocytochemistry respectively and the sulfate glycosaminoglycan was measured by Alcian blue staining. RT-PCR showed that CDMP-2 could promote expression of collagen II mRNA in an dose-dependant manner, especially at the concentration of 50 ng/mL and 100 ng/mL. Immunocytochemistry and Western blotting revealed a similar change. Alcian blue staining exhibited deposition of typical cartilage extracellular matrix. Our results suggest that mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into chondrogenic phonotype with the induction of CDMP-2 in vitro, which provides a basis for further research on the role of CDMP-2 in chondrogenesis.
Bone Marrow Cells/*cytology ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/*pharmacology ; Cell Differentiation/*drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Chondrocytes/*cytology ; Chondrogenesis/drug effects ; Chondrogenesis/physiology ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells/*cytology ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology

Objective To find the optimal perfusion temperature of focal hypothermia in rats with traumatic brain injury(TBI).Methods Modified Feeney's free-falling model was used in the study.Forty-nine male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into seven groups:TBI group,systemic hypothermia group,focal hypothermia groups(including 0℃,10℃,20℃ or 25℃ subgroups,respectively)and control group.The contents of total sodium,potassium and water of traumatic brain were measured,and pathological changes were examined in the seven groups.Results The damaged neurons were significantly fewer in focal hypothermia groups(including 10℃,20℃ or 25 ℃ subgroups,respectively)than those in systemic hypothermia group at 72 hours after TBI(P

objective To investigate the clinical signiifcance of the changes of angiotensionⅡ(AngⅡ) in children with IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Methods Thirty children diagnosed as primary IgA nephropathy by renal biopsy (IgAN group) and 30 healthy children (control group) were recruited from May 2008 to December 2012. The serum and urine AngⅡwere measured by ELISA and compared between IgAN group and control group. The AngⅡexpression in the renal tissue of IgAN group was detected by immuno-histochemical method, and was correlated with other clinical data.. Results Urine AngⅡwas signiifcantly higher in the primary IgAN group than that of control group (P<0.05);AngⅡexpression in the urine is positively correlated with proteinuria (r=0.37, P=0.046), and is associated with the severity of clinical presentation; AngⅡexpression in kidney tissue increased with the severity of the renal histopathologic grading (r=0.69, 0.79, P=0.000), while AngⅡin blood and proteinuria, AngⅡexpression in kidney tissue were not signiifcantly correlated with the number of crescents. Conclusions Urine AngⅡin children with IgAN is signiifcantly correlated with the severity of the pathologic stage and the level of proteinuria. Urine AngⅡdetection may be useful to assess the progress and prognosis of chronic kidney disease.

For all the time the book Symptomatic Figures of Lip and Tongue(Chunshe Zhenghou Tu)was described as written by Li Jun of Qing dynasty. We made studies on historical records on Li Jun and the features and contents of this book, and proved that Symptomatic Figures of Lip and Tongue was not written by him, but a Chinese medical book written by Japanese.

Objective To explore the effects and the underlying mechanisms of inhibiting three kinds of DNA methyltransferases(DNMT1,DNMT3a and DNMT3b) on the re-expression of cancer/testis antigen(CTA) in hepatic cells.Methods Transient transfection of HepG2 cells with siRNA was targeted against DNMT1,DNMT3a and DNMT3b(DNMT1+3a+3b),DNMT1 and DNMT3a(DNMT1+3a),DNMT1 and DNMT3b(DNMT1+3b),DNMT3a and DNMT3b(DNMT3a+3b),respectively.The other batch of cells was treated with 5'-aza-deoxycytidine(5-aza-dC) as positive control.Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the expressions of DNMTs and CTAsm,and the promoter methylation of partial CTA genes was detected with methylation specific PCR(MSP).Results Expressions of DNMT1,DNMT3a and DNMT3b declined significantly after siRNA interference in HepG2 cells.Two CTAs,CT10 and SSX1,re-expressed in the cells transfected by DNMT1+3a and DNMT1+3b.MAGE1 and MAGE3 were equally expressed in all cells despite been transfected or not.Demethylation occurred in the promoter region of CT10,while the promoter region of MAGE1 was in a state of unmethylation.Conclusions In HepG2 cells,CTA promoter can be demethylated via interference of DNMTs,which may lead to the re-expression of CTA that was originally unexpressed due to methylation.

BACKGROUND: The assessment of chronic nerve root injury is mainly depend on indirect evidences of imaging results.OBJECTIVE: This study is designed to find out the relationship between the degrees of the pathological changes of nerve roots and motor evoked potential (MEP) changes due to chronic compression.DESIGN: A self-controlled trial with animals as subjects.SETTING: Spine Surgery Department of the Second Clinical Hospital of Jinan University.MATERIALS: The trial was completed in the Spinal Surgery Department of the Second Clinical Hospital of Jinan University from October 2001 to May 2003. The subjects were 30 healthy cats of either gender weighing 3 to 5 kg.INTERVENTIONS: The compression model was established by wedging a Ⅴ-shape bone flap into the right intervertebral foramens between C7, C8 and T1 vertebrae. The left foramens served as controls. The cats underwent CT examination on the 2nd, 4th, 8th and 12th postoperative week to show the foramen changes. Six randomly selected cats underwent magnetic stimulation MEP each time on the 2nd, 4th, 8th, 12th and 24th week. The injuries to the compressed nerve roots were assessed according to Mackinnon Standard and they were compared with the MEP wave.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Whether the superficial magnetic stimulated MEP monitoring result was in correspondence with the pathological changes of the chronically compressed nerve roots.RESULTS: The MEP did not show any abnormal changes for Grade Ⅰ injury prolonged to 9.6- 10. 2 ms. There was almost no evoke potential at all stimulation points for grade Ⅴ nerve root injury.CONCLUSION: That the injured nerve root presents dysesthesia and normal MEP results suggests grade Ⅰ injury. Prolonged latency including prolonged F wave suggests grade Ⅱ injury. And additional amplitude decrease together with widened and unclassifiable waves implies the injury be grade Ⅲ. The prominent features of grade Ⅳ nerve injury is much more decreased amplitudes and more prolonged latency. For grade Ⅴ injury there is always disappearance of whole MEP or some potential components. The superficial magnetic stimulated MEP monitoring results are in correspondence with the pathological changes of the nerve roots due to chronic compression, which means MEP monitoring results could serve as the quantitative indication to pathological changes of nerve injury.

This paper is about the research on the growth of jyphal body of Hypsizygus marmoreus under the condition of different culture mediums, tempertures, pH, cardon and nitrogen sources. The result shows that Hypsizygus marmoreus can grow on various culture mediums. It grows best on the Culture medium of malt extract agar, but can not grow well on the PDA composite culture medium; the hyphal body can grow well at the temperture of 20—25℃, grows slowly at 10—30℃, but can not grow at 35℃; it can grow when pH is 5 to 8, but the best range of pH is 6.5—7.0; the nutriment assimilation is different with the different sources of carbon and nitrogen, the best carbon source is maltose, best nitrogen source is bacto-peptone.

Objective To evaluate the effects of hydrogen on the expression of Rho-associated protein kinase 1(ROCK1)and mammalian diaphanous-related formin 1(mDia1)in intestinal tissues of septic mice.Methods Ninety male C57BL/6 mice,weighing 20-25 g,aged 6 weeks,were divided into 3 groups(n=30 each)using a random number table:control group(group C),sepsis group(group S)and sepsis plus hydrogen group(group SH).Sepsis was produced by cecal ligation and puncture(CLP).Group SH inhaled 2% hydrogen for 1 h starting from 1 and 6 h after CLP.Twenty mice in each group were selected and observed for 7-day survival rate.Ten mice in each group were sacrificed at 24 h after CLP,and blood samples were obtained from hearts to measure the activity of serum diamine oxidase(DAO)and to count the colony-forming units after bacterial culture.The small intestinal samples were obtained for microscopic examination of pathological changes and for determination of ROCK1 and mDia1 positive cell rates(using immunohistochemical staining)and expression of intestinal epithelial junctional protein E-cadherin(by immunofluorescent staining).Intestinal damage was assessed and scored.The ratio of ROCK1 to mDia1 positive cell rates(ROCK1/mDia1 ratio)was calculated.Results Compared with group C,the survival rate was significantly decreased,the serum DAO activity,colony counts and intestinal damage scores were increased,ROCK1 and mDia1 positive cell rates were increased,and the expression of E-cadherin was down-regulated in S and SH groups,ROCK1/mDia1 ratio was increased in group S(P<0.05),and no significant change was found in ROCK1/mDia1 ratio in group SH(P>0.05).Compared with group S,the survival rate was significantly increased,the serum DAO activity,colony counts and intestinal damage scores were decreased,the ROCK1 positive cell rate was decreased,the mDia1 positive cell rate was increased,ROCK1/mDia1 ratio was decreased,and the expression of E-cadherin was up-regulated in group SH(P<0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which hydrogen improves intestinal barrier function may be related to down-regulation of ROCK1 expression,up-regulation of mDia1 expression and correction of the imbalance in ROCK1/mDia1 ratio in intestinal tissues of septic mice.

By preventing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from adhering to precoated agarose to create a model of MSC suspension in vitro, we investigated anoikis in MSCs and the role of caspase-3 in the anoikis. The cultured MSCs were randomly divided into 3 groups: the anoikis group, caspase-3 inhibitor group and control group. Before experiment, we coated dishes with 1.5 % agarose; in the anoikis group, MSCs were put into the precoated dishes; and in the inhibitor group, caspase-3 inhibitor and MSCs were also put into the precoated dishes; but there were not intervention in the control group. MSCs were collected at 2 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h. The alteration of caspase-3 activity was evaluated by caspase-3 fluorometric assay and western blot analysis. The apoptosis rates were detected by flow cytometry. MSCs were round and suspended sufficiently in the anoikis and inhibitor groups. Caspase-3 fluorometric assay showed that there were significant differences in statistics between the anoikis group and the others (P<0.05). Western blot analysis discovered that caspase-3 expression in the anoikis group was more than that in the control and inhibitor groups (P<0.05). Flow cytometry showed that the apoptosis peak appeared in all the three groups, but it increased dramatically in the anoikis group. The apoptosis rates in the inhibitor and control groups were low and stable. And there were significant differences in statistics between the anoikis group and the others (P<0.05). MSCs will undergo anoikis in suspended condition if they are separated from the extracellular matrix. Caspase-3 inhibitors can suppress caspase-3 activity and reduce the apoptosis rate significantly. Caspase-3 plays a vital part in induced MSC anoikis in vitro. MSCs suspension culture system might be set up with argorose and caspase-3 inhibitor.