It is common chronic peripheral arterial occlusive disease for arteriosclerosis obliterans which often causes severe limb ischemia and gangrene. Professor SHANG De-jun has accumulated a wealth of experience in diagnosis and treatment of arteriosclerosis obliterans and achieved significant clinical efficacy. At the first, Professor SHANG pays attention to a clear diagnosis, stages and grades of disease. He also attaches importance to combination of whole syndrome differentiation and local syndrome differentiation, disease differentiation and syndrome differentiation. According to syndrome differentiation, the disease is treated with integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine which fully reflects speculative characteristics of SHANG, such as, combination of syndrome differentiation and the drug infusion, combination of internal and external therapeutics, application of promoting blood circulation during the whole treatment course.

Objective The purpose of this study is to determine whether atrial expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-13,) is altered in patients with rheumatic heart disease (RHD) and chronic atrial fibrillation (AF).Methods Atrial tissue was obtained from the right atrial appendage during heart surgery from 35 patients. In 27 patients with rheumatic heart disease, 8 patients had no history of AF, and 19 had chronic persistent AF (≥6 months cAF). Other 8 patients with congenital heart disease had no history of AF were the control group.The mRNA expression of HGF, CTGF, TGF-β1, collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅲ was measured by the real-time fluorescence quota polymerase chain reaction (real time PCR). The fibrosis of right atrial appendage was detected by HE and Masson staining. Results The amount of CTGF, TGF-β1, collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅲ was significantly increased in patients with sinus rhythm compared with the control group (P<0.05) and further increased in patients with chronic AF compared with patients with sinus rhythm (P<0.05). The amount of HGF was significantly decreased in patients with chronic AF compared with patients with sinus rhythm and the control group (P<0.05). But the difference of the latter two groups was not statistically significant.Correlation analysis demonstrated that the mRNA expression of collagen Ⅰ , collagen Ⅲ, TGF-β1, and CTGF in right atrial appendage of RHD and AF was positively correlated with the left atrial diameter and the area of myocardial fibrosis. Conclusion In human atrium with RHD, the mRNA expression of collagen Ⅰ , collagen Ⅲ, CTGF and TGF-β1, is up-regulated. HGF has anti-fibrosis function and the down-regulation of its mRNA expression in patients with RHD may be an important factor in the initiation or maintenance of AF.

Objective To dynamically observe the effect of mild hypothermia on concentration of plasma S-100B protein in patients with acute severe brain injuries so as to further explore its role in treat-ment of acute severe brain injury. Methods A total of 120 patients with acute severe brain injuries were randomly divided into mild hypothermia group and general group. The patients in mild hypothermia group were treated with mild hypothermia besides conventional therapy, with maintenance of rectal tem-perature at 33℃-35℃ for 3-5 days. Serial concentration of S-IOOB protein in serum was measured in all patients from 6 hours to 6 days after hospitalization. GOS evaluation was done three months after treat-ment. Results The concentration of S-100B protein in serum of mild hypothermia group and general group was significantly higher than of normal group (P <0.05), with significant lower level in mild hypo-thermia group than general group(P <0.05). Mild hypothermia could improve prognosis of patients with acute severe brain injury. Conclusions Early use of mild hypothermia can decrease concentration of S-100B protein in serum, protect neurofunction and improve prognosis, as may be related to its function in alleviating damnification brain cell inflammation reaction mediated by S-100B protein.

BACKGROUND:It is confirmed that astrocytes can differentiate into neurons by Neurogenin2 gene regulation, suggesting that Schwann cells may also differentiate into neurons by gene regulation.
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the feasibility of Schwann cells differentiating into neurons by Neurogenin2 gene regulation.
METHODS:Rats Schwann cells were isolated, purified and identified. Then the Schwann cells were transfected with Neurogenin2 via green fluorescent protein gene-plentivirus. To induce neuronal differentiation, the Schwann cells were cultured in serum-free Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium containing epidermal growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor for 2 weeks. The morphology of induced cells was observed by microscope, and myelin basic protein and neuron-specific enolase were detected by immunocytochemistry.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After transfection with Neurogenin2 via green fluorescent protein gene-plentivirus and induced differentiation, immunofluorescence assay demonstrated that 12.56%of the induced cellexpressed neuron-specific enolase, but the control group did not express neuron-specific enolase. Neurogenin2 gene-transfected Schwann cells can express neuron-specific enolase, suggesting Neurogenin2 gene may regulate transdifferentiation of Schwann cells into neurons.

In order to improve the reference service, the necessity to provide reference service for translational medicine in academic library was analyzed and the translational medicine-based reference service in Library of Qingdao University was elaborated from the aspects of its contents and ways with the existing problems and weaknesses summarized.

Objective:Intracellular cytokine staining(ICCS) is applied to the detection of the immune response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)from subjects of different HLA A 02 supertype to influenza A matrix peptide.Methods:HLA A 02 subtype were identified by the way of SSP methods;PBMC from subjects with HLA A 02 were cocultured with influenza A matrix peptide (IMP) which was HLA A*0201 restricted CTL epitope, secreting cytokine such as IL 2, IFN ?,TNF ? were measured by ICCS.Results:PBMC from HLA A 02 positive subjects had memory immune response to IMP.Conclusion:①The method of ICCS can be used for quantitive detecting T cell activating status specificly;②the memory immune response to IMP58 66 peptide exists in all of the HLA A 02 positive persons;③among different HLA A 02 subtype, there are cross reactivity to HLA A 0201restricted peptide.

0.05).(3) The ratio of meticillin-resistant staphylococci was 91.5%.The ratio of resistance of staphylococci to(gentamicin),(erythromycin),ciprofloxacin and tetracycline was all above 50%,but was low to(nitrofurantoin) and rifampin.In 12 strains of Enterococcus faecalis,3 strains were VRE;8 resisted to high-level gentamicin;6 resisted to high-level streptomycin;the resistance rate to tetracycline,ciprofloxacin,rifampin and(erythromycin) ranged from 58.3% to 100.0%.In E.coli,8 of 14 isolates were positive for ESBLs.The resistance was high to usual antibiotics except imipenem,amikacin and Tazocillin.CONCLUSIONS Bacteria are the main pathogens of chronic prostatitis and terribly resist to clinical usual antibiotics.Infection with Uu,Mh and Ct should not be(ignored).It is necessary to diagnose and treat chronic prostatitis according to the results of pathogen(isolation) and drug sensitivity test.

Objective To investigate the effect of HBV on the expression of fibrosis-related factors in hepatic stellate cells(HSC)and its relation with liver fibrosis.Methods HSCs were co-cultured with HepG2 or HepG2.2.15 in vitro and HSCs cultured alone served as the control.The mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-2 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase(TIMP)-1 was detected by realtime PCR.The protein expression of MMP-2 and TIMp-1 was detected by Western-blot.Results Compared with the control and the HSCs co-cultured with HepG2,the expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-1 mRNA in HSCs co-cultured with HepG2.2.15 was increased remarkably and the most significant difference was found at 72 h(F=11.91,23.13;P=0.008,0.001);the expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-1 protein in HSCs co-cuhured with HepG2.2.15 was also increased remarkably and the most significant difference was found at 72 h(F=20.70,6.54;P=0.002,0.003)too.Conclusion The expression of fibrosis-related factors in HSCs increased significantly after co-cultured with HepG2.2.15,which suggests that HBV could promote liver fibrosis.

Objective To investigate the value of subdural intracranial pressure (ICP) monito-ring in post-operative patients with severe brain injury. Methods A total of 100 patients with severe brain injury treated with craniotomy were randomly divided into ICP monitoring group (n=50) and rou-tine treatment group (n = 50). In ICP monitoring group, the treatment methods were adjusted according to the changes of ICP, whereas the patients in routine treatment group underwent general treatment ac-cording to standard neurosurgical protocol. Results Patients in ICP monitoring group received mannitol for eight days, with the average dosage of 950 g. Marmitol was administered to patients in routine treat-ment group for 12 days, with average dosage of 1 450 g. There was statistical difference in aspects of time duration and mannitol dosage between two groups (P <0.01). Of all patients in ICP monitoring group, four were found with electrolyte disturbance (8%), seven with acute renal failure (14%), four with stress ulcer (8%) and eight with pulmonary infection (16%). The corresponding numbers of patients in routine treatment group were nine (18%), 14 (28%), five (10%) and nine (18%), respectively. The occurrence of electrolyte disturbance and acute renal failure between two groups showed significant statistical difference (P < 0.05), while the occurrence of stress ulcer and pulmonary infection were be-yond of statistical difference between two groups (P > 0.05). The post-operative initial ICP level was positively correlated with mortality rate (P <0.01). All patients were followed up for three months post-operatively. In ICP monitoring group, 27 patients (26%) obtained good prognosis without any disability (54%), 13 were under mild disability, two (4%) under severe disability, three (6%) under vegeta-tive state and five (10%) died . In the routine treatment group, 17 patients (34%) were with good prognosis without any disability , six (12%) with mild disability , six (12%) with severe disability, eight (16%) under vegetative state and 13 (26%) died. The ICP monitoring group had better prognosis than the routine treatment group(P < 0.05). Conclusion Continuous ICP monitoring postoperatively in severe brain injury patients is valuable in reducing mortality, complication and improving the prognosis.

Objective To investigate the effects of naloxone hydrechloride on neuronal cell apoptosis and cerebral edema induced by experimental brain injury.Method Animal model of brain injury was established by free-falling method of Fecney.Totally 100 SD rats were randomly divided into sham operated group(n=20),op-erated comparison group(n=40),and naloxone hydrochloride treatment group(n=40).The naloxone hy-drochloride treatment group were subdivided into four sub-groups,and naloxone hydrochloride was injected at 30 min,6 h,24 h and 48 h after brain injury respectively,while the comparison groups were injected with physiologi-cal saline at the same time point.The rats were sacrificed 7 deys after the injury.Neuronal cell apoptosis were de-tected by terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling(TUNEL),and water content of brain tis-sue was examined with dry-wet methods.Data were analyzed by using spss 10.0 saftware package statistical analysis was carried out by using variance analysis.Results Gompared to the sham operated group,neuronal cell apopto-sis and water content of brain tissue were increased significantly in operated comparison group(P＜0.05).Com-pared to the operated comparison group,neuronal cell apoptosis and water content of brain tissue were decreased significantly in every naloxone hydirochloride treatment group(P＜0.05).Every sub-groups compared in naloxone hydrochloride treatment group,neuronal cell apoptosis of early injection group(30 min and 6 h after injury)were decreased significantly than late injection group(24 h and 48 h after injury,P＜0.05),but the water content of brain tissue had no difference between the early injection group and the late injection group(P＞0.05).Conclu-sions Naloxone can carry out its protective function to injuried neurecyte through alleviating neuronal cell apopto-sis and hydrecepahalus.and the effect was better as early as it used.