Objective To investigate the current situation of nursers′ critical thinking ability in Department of Hemodialysis in Wenzhou, so as to provide scientific basis for cultivating critical thinking ability of nurses in Department of Hemodialysis. Methods A total of of 127 nurses from 7 level three and class A hospitals and level two and class B hospitals in Wenzhou were investigated for current situation and characteristics of critical thinking ability with questionnaires, critical thinking disposition inventory-Chinese version ( CTDI-CV) . Results Among 127 nurses, scores of confidence to seek for the truth and of critical thinking were less than 40, and the scores of other dimensions were more than 40 in seven dimensions along with (295. 65 ± 25. 35) for the total score of critical thinking ability. There were significant differences in 7 traits and total scores of critical thinking ability among nurses with different educational background (P < 0. 05). Conclusions The overall level of critical thinking ability of nurses in Department of Hemodialysis is positive. At the same time, confidence to seek for the truth and critical thinking need to be improved.