OBJECTIVE: To investigate fragmentation pathways of amoxicillin using electrospray ionization multi-stage tandem mass spectrometry,and to provide reference for quality and quantity analysis of amoxicillin.METHODS: Amoxicillin was further purified by high performance liquid chromatography,and the fragmentation mechanisms were investigated by electrospray ionization multi-stage tandem mass spectrometer.RESULTS: The ?-lactam ring of amoxicillin has three different opening modes;2 kinds of different m/z:114 ion fragments are obtained by two different fragmentation pathways;m/z:349 ion fragments can be a characteristic fragment of amoxicillin for quality and quantity analysis of amoxicillin.CONCLUSION: The method is sensitive and accurate for further study of transformation and metabolism of amoxicillin and its quality and quantity analysis.

Objective To analyze clinical efficacy and safety of left colon and bowel obstruction .Methods 80 cases of left colon and bowel obstruction were divided into the observation group and control group,40 cases in each group.The observation group was given a surgery,and the control group received two surgical treatment,the two groups were taken the statistical analysis of clinical data to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of operation. Results The operative time,hospital stay and surgical blood loss in the observation group was (42.9 ±13.8) min, (9.3 ±2.8)d,(45.9 ±11.7)mL,which in the control group were (58.6 ±17.6)min,(6.8 ±1.5)d,(151.4 ± 19.4)mL,there were statistically significant difference between the two groups(t=25.358,16.128,29.475,all P<0.05);The abdominal abscess,lung infections and wound infection incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was 7.5 %,10.0%,20.0 %,which in the control group was 17.5 %,2.5%,10.0%,there were statistically significant difference between the two groups (t=4.512,4.336,4.762,all P<0.05).Conclusion The clinical treatment of left colon and bowel obstruction shall promptly conduct a surgery,the role of hospitalization in patients with shorter length to enhance tumor resection rate,and actively improve the quality of life of patients.

OBJECTIVETo explore the eyelid's characteristics of outpatients who visited the plastic surgery clinic in 3rd Hospital of Peking University.

METHODSFrom Jan. 2007 to Feb. 2011, we collected facial images and general data of 2,183 outpatients, and divided them into groups according to their genders. The eyelid images were analyzed and epicanthus or foldless eyelid were recorded. Then the incidence rates of epicanthus and foldless eyelid were calculated.

RESULTSIn 2,183 patients (4,366 eyes), the incidence rate of epicanthus is 86.1% (3,760/4,366), and the incidence rate of foldless eyelid is 35.3% (1,541/4,366). In 178 males (356 eyes) and 2,005 females patients (4,010 eyes), the incidence rates of epicanthus are 78.4% (279/356) and 86.8% (3,481/4,010), respectively. The incidence rates of foldless eyelid are 48.0% (171/356) and 34.2% (1,370/4,010), respectively.

CONCLUSIONSThe incidence rates of epicanthus and foldless eyelid are relatively high for the outpatient population in the plastic surgery clinic of Third Hospital of Peking University.

Beijing ; Eyelids ; anatomy & histology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Outpatients ; statistics & numerical data ; Sex Factors ; Surgery, Plastic ; statistics & numerical data

Objective: To prepare an inactivated hepatitis A vaccine using a attenuated strain of hepatitis A virus (HAV) H2 and to analyze its immunizing dose, so as to provide the reference for development and production of inactivated hepatitis A vaccines. Methods: Human embryonic lung diploid cells (KMB17) were infected with attenuated HAV H2 strain to proliferate the virus, then the cells containing viruses were harvested, extracted and purified. The obtained virus concentrate was prepared into vaccine bulk and test vaccines with 1 280 EU/mL antigen content. Vaccine testing was carried out according to the inactivated hepatitis A vaccine standards specified in the Part Ⅲ of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (2020 edition). A total of 110 mice were randomly divided into 11 groups, including 5 dose groups (80, 160, 320, 640 and 1 280 EU/dose) of the test vaccine and the reference vaccine, as well as the adjuvant control group. Mice were immunized twice by intraperitoneal injection, their serum HAV antibodies were detected, and the geometric mean titer (GMT) and positive conversion rate of antibodies were analyzed to evaluate the immunising dose of the vaccine. Results: The antigen content and viral titer of the virus harvest solution were 5 120 EU/mL and 8.33 lgCCID50/mL, respectively. The removal rate of foreign protein reached 98.05% and the recovery rate of antigen was 66.25%. The test vaccine met the requirements of Part Ⅲ of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (2020 edition). The GMTs of HAV antibodies in the test vaccine and the reference vaccine dose groups after the second immunization were more than twice higher than those after the first immunization. Regardless of primary immunization or secondary immunization, the GMTs (log2) of HAV antibodies in the test vaccine groups with doses of 160 EU/dose and above were higher than those in the 80 EU/dose group (all P<0.05), while there was no statistically significant differences between the dose groups of 160 EU/dose and above (all P>0.05). The antibody positive conversion rate of 160 EU/dose and above of the test vaccine was 100.00% after the secondary immunization. Conclusions The inactivated hepatitis A vaccine of attenuated H2 strain tested in this study demonstrates strong immunogenicity in mice, suggesting its potential as a candidate vaccine. The preliminary analysis indicates an immunizing dose of 320 EU/dose for children and 640 EU/dose for adults.

Exosome is a double-layer membrane vesicle secreted by several kinds of cells. Exosome is major way of cell paracrine activity with a wide range of sources and high security feature. This paper reviews recent progress of exosomes in promoting wound healing. Studies have shown that exosomes can be applied to wound treatment by immune regulation, regulating fibroblast activity, promoting angiogenesis, inhibiting scar formation and other mechanisms. Compared with traditional stem cell therapy, exosomes have better applied prospect in clinical practise.

Macrophages are important cell types involved in skin wound healing. In this article, recent advances in macrophage-mediated regulation of skin wound healing and the abnormal polarization of macrophages in diabetic refractory wounds are reviewed. Studies have shown that macrophages in skin wounds can be categorized into two types, M1 and M2. These two types exhibit different functions, including anti-inflammatory effects, angiogenesis promotion, fibroblast promotion and tissue shaping. The dysfunctions of macrophages, cytokine secretion and epigenetic modifications in diabetes mellitus can lead to abnormal polarization of macrophages. Targeting the regulation of macrophage polarization may be an effective approach to addressing skin refractory wounds.

Macrophages are important cell types involved in skin wound healing. In this article, recent advances in macrophage-mediated regulation of skin wound healing and the abnormal polarization of macrophages in diabetic refractory wounds are reviewed. Studies have shown that macrophages in skin wounds can be categorized into two types, M1 and M2. These two types exhibit different functions, including anti-inflammatory effects, angiogenesis promotion, fibroblast promotion and tissue shaping. The dysfunctions of macrophages, cytokine secretion and epigenetic modifications in diabetes mellitus can lead to abnormal polarization of macrophages. Targeting the regulation of macrophage polarization may be an effective approach to addressing skin refractory wounds.

Objective:To explore the application value of soluble tumor suppressor 2 (SST2), galectin-3 combined with magnetic resonance multimodality in the diagnosis of myocardial fibrosis.Methods:The clinical data of 88 patients with cardiomyopathy from January 2017 to December 2019 in Handan Central Hospital of Hebei Province were retrospectively analyzed as the experimental group, and 100 healthy people in the same period were selected as the control group. According to the results of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI)-late gadolinium enhanced (LGE), the patients with cardiomyopathy were divided into LGE positive and LGE negative. The arrhythmia rate was evaluated by ambulatory electrocardiogram. The New York Heart Association (NYHA) cardiac function grade was recorded. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD) were detected by echocardiography. The SST2, galectin-3 and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to analyze the efficacy of SST2 and Galectin-3 in predicting myocardial fibrosis in patients with cardiomyopathy.Results:CMRI-LGE results of 88 patients with cardiomyopathy showed that LGE was positive in 42 cases and negative in 46 cases. The arrhythmia rate, LVEDD, SST2 and galectin-3 in experimental group were significantly higher than those in control group: 67.05% (59/88) vs. 2.00% (2/100), (46.55 ± 5.99) mm vs. (27.92 ± 2.05) mm, (61.83 ± 10.57) μg/L vs. (24.99 ± 7.69) μg/L and (18.65 ± 3.39) μg/L vs. (7.12 ± 1.33) μg/L, the LVEF was significantly lower than that in control group: (55.11 ± 8.36)% vs. (68.83 ± 9.45)%, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.01). The arrhythmia rate, NYHA cardiac function grade, LVEDD, SST2 and galectin-3 in patients with LGE positive were significantly higher than those in patients with LGE negative: 88.10% (37/42) vs. 47.83% (22/46), (3.10 ± 0.53) grade vs. (2.11 ± 0.61) grade, (48.88 ± 5.95) mm vs. (44.41 ± 5.24) mm, (65.58 ± 11.73) μg/L vs. (58.40 ± 8.10) μg/L and (21.00 ± 2.72) μg/L vs. (16.51 ± 2.39) μg/L, the LVEF was significantly lower than that in patients with LGE negative: (52.15 ± 8.23)% vs. (57.82 ± 7.60)%, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.01). ROC curve analysis result showed that the optimal critical values of serum SST2 and galectin-3 for predicting myocardial fibrosis in patients with cardiomyopathy were 65.07 μg/L and 18.46 μg/L, the area under the curve was 0.714 (95% CI 0.604 to 0.825, P = 0.001) and 0.894 (95% CI 0.828 to 0.960, P = 0.001), the sensitivity was 61.9% and 85.7%, and the specificity was 80.4% and 82.6%. Conclusions:Magnetic resonance multimodality has a good ability in detecting myocardial fibrosis, and serum SST2 and galectin-3 have good predictive value for myocardial fibrosis. SST2 and galectin-3 combined with magnetic resonance multimodality has important clinical significance in the diagnosis of myocardial fibrosis.

BACKGROUND: As a contour-supporting material, the cartilage has a significant application value in plastic surgery.Since the development of hydrogel scaffolds with sufficient biomechanical strength and high biocompatibility, cell-laden hydrogels have been widely studied for application in cartilage bioengineering. This systematic review summarizes the latest research on engineered cartilage constructed using cell-laden hydrogel scaffolds in plastic surgery. METHODS: A systematic review was performed by searching the PubMed and Web of Science databases using selected keywords and Medical Subject Headings search terms. RESULTS: Forty-two studies were identified based on the search criteria. After full-text screening for inclusion and exclusion criteria, 18 studies were included. Data collected from each study included culturing form, seed cell types and sources, concentration of cells and gels, scaffold materials and bio-printing structures, and biomechanical properties of cartilage constructs. These cell-laden hydrogel scaffolds were reported to show some feasibility of cartilage engineering, including better cell proliferation, enhanced deposition of glycosaminoglycans and collagen type II in the extracellular matrix, and better biomechanical properties close to the natural state. CONCLUSION Cell-laden hydrogels have been widely used in cartilage bioengineering research. Through 3-dimensional (3D) printing, the cell-laden hydrogel can form a bionic contour structure. Extracellular matrix expression was observed in vivo and in vitro, and the elastic modulus was reported to be similar to that of natural cartilage. The future direction of cartilage tissue engineering in plastic surgery involves the use of novel hydrogel materials and more advanced 3D printing technology combined with biochemistry and biomechanical stimulation.

Objective:To explore the interleukin-31 protein expression in the hypertrophic scar of incision tissue after surgery and its underlying pathological impact.Methods:From February 2022 to February 2023, three HS patients scar tissue (HS) and their normal skin tissue (Control, NS) were obtained. Two patients were female and one patient was male. The tissues were fixed in 4% formalin and embedded in paraffin. Haematoxylin-eosin (HE) stain and immunohistochemical stain were used to evaluate the epidermal thickness, myofibroblasts of dermis and the expression level of IL-31 between HS and NS.Results:The epidermis thickness was (303.88±46.03) μm in HS group, while (133.02±17.40) μm in NS group ( t=12.60, P<0.001). The expression level of IL-31 protein was measured by IRS score and positive cell density. The IRS score was 9.89±2.03 of the basal layer in HS group and was 4.33±1.66 of the basal layer in NS group. The positive cell density was 786 343.83±159 627.97 of the basal layer in HS group ( P<0.001) and was 555 457.61±128 097.21 of the basal layer in NS group ( P=0.014). In the dermis layer, the IRS score was 7.11±1.05 in HS group and was 4.33±0.71 in NS group, the positive cell density was 156 760.97±26 046.10 in HS group ( P<0.001) and was 49 576.01±52 369.33 in NS group ( P<0.001). In the dermis layer, the count of myofibroblasts was 120.44±15.75 in HS group while was 27.39±14.89 in NS group ( t=23.79, P<0.001). Conclusions:Our study demonstrates that both myofibroblast count and IL-31 protein expression level are notably increased in HS patients. The expression of IL-31 protein is prominent in the cytoplasm of myofibroblasts, basal cells, macrophages and mast cells which could implicate that IL-31 may be a potential therapeutic target to enhance the resolution of HS.