Objective To observe the ultrastructure of blood-brain barrier in the nude mouse model of brain me-tastases from lung cancer by transmission electron microscopy using lanthanum nitrate tracing.Methods PC-9 cells (1 × 106/0.1 mL) in logarithmic phase were respectively injected into six nude mice ( model group) selected from eight nude mice randomly via the left ventricle, the other two mice without any treatment as the control group.The general status of the mice was observed after implantation.In the fourth week all the mice were sacrificed and brain tissue samples were taken and prepared for transmission electron microscopic observation using lanthanum nitrate tracing.besides, the lung and brain were removed and stained with HE to detect the presence of tumor metastasis.Results Mice in the model group began to lose weight almost simultaneously in the third week and became moribund slowly, and were all sacrificed at the fourth week when showing clear signs of cachexia.At autopsy, the thoraxes were clear, with normal lungs.Histology showed evidence of brain metastasis in all the six mice.The electron microscopy showed that lathanum nitrate tracer was escaped from the capillaries and diffusely or sparsely distributed in the brain tissues of the model group mice, however lathanum nitrate tracer was still confined in the capillary lumen in the mice of control group.Conclusions The diffuse lathanum nitrate tracer in the brain parenchymal tissue indicates the impairment of blood-brain barrier in the nude mouse model of lung cancer brain metastasis and the formation of these metastases is accompanied with the destruction of blood brain barrier.

Objective To investigate the map and pattern of blood oxygen level dependent(BOLD)signal changes correlated to interictal epileptiform discharges(IEDs)with EEG-fMRI in patients with partial epilepsy and then to explore the pathophysiological mechanisms of epileptic discharges and their effect on brain function in partial epilepsy.Methods Through the method of EEG-fMRI,2 patients with parial epilepsy were studied.The relationship between the regions of BOLD signal changes linked to IEDs and the electroelinical localization of epileptogenic zone in patients with partial epilepsy were investigated.Results The epileptogenic areas localized by electroclinical findings in the 2 patients all showed maximal activation and 2 sites of significant activation were found in 1 of the 2 patients;Weak activation were also manifested in the opposite side corresponding to lesions.Conclusions IED-linked BOLD response in patients with partial epilepsy is mainly in epileptogenic zones and weak activation can also be seen in the corresponding contralateral areas of epileptogenic zoiles.Activation areas ale well concordant with epileptogenie areas localized by electroclinical findings.

Objective To evaluate the clinical and technical effects of self-expanding VENA stent in the treatment of iliofemoral vein obstruction.Methods The clinical data of 58 patients(61 limbs) with symptomatic iliofemoral vein obstructive disease treated by VENA stent from February 2017 to June 2018 were collected and analyzed.The patency of the vein was assessed by the results of intraoperative angiography and postoperative symptoms relief changes in leg circumference.Follow up included relief of symptoms,Doppler ultrasound.Results A total of 63 VENA stents (43 in the left limb and 20 in the right limb) were implanted,sizes ranging from 12 mm to 16 mm,surgical technique success rate was 100％.The median follow-up time was 8.6 months.The primary patency rate of one month,three months,six months and 12 months was 96％,94％,92％ and 92％,respectively.Leg circumference fall down from(48 ±0.4) cm to (37 ± 0.3) cm (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Self-expanding nitinol stent implantation is a safe and effective treatment method for symptomatic iliofemoral vein obstruction disease.

Using simultaneous EEG-correlated functional MRI (EEG-fMRI), we studied the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signals in a juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) patient with interictal epileptiform discharges. Extensive and symmetric activation and deactivation areas were assessed in bilateral hemispheric regions respectively, and these signals decreased gradually from the parieto-occipital region to the frontal region. Activations were found in cuneus, insulae, mesial midfrontal region, midline and bilateral cerebellum and thalamus, while the deactivities were in the bilateral anterior frontal region and parietal region as well as the posterior cingulate gyri. These findings suggest that the synchronized neuronal activities represented by spike and wave complex in EEG be reflected in the activation of BLOD signals in thalamocortical regions. However, those regions of deactivation reflect the suspension of the default state of brain function resulting indirectly from this discharge. There is good correspondence between neuronal activity (EEG) and fMRI. The combination of EEG and fMRI is a powerful tool in studying brain function.
Adolescent ; Brain ; blood supply ; physiopathology ; Electroencephalography ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Myoclonic Epilepsy, Juvenile ; physiopathology ; Oxygen ; blood

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of hyperuricemia (HUA), patients′ awareness of HUA, and related factors among elderly in community.Methods:The health check-up data of 6 897 residents aged over 65 years in Gumei Community of Shanghai were collected from January 2019 to January 2020. There were 1 156 subject with increased serum uric acid levels (HUA group) and 5 741 with normal uric acid levels (non-HUA group). The differences of clinical indicators between HUA group and non-HUA group were analyzed and the risk factors of HUA was determined by multivariate logistic stepwise regression. A questionnaire survey on the knowledge of HUA and the adoption of relevant health behaviors was conducted among HUA patients.Results:The overall prevalence was 16.8% (1 156/6 897) in this population. The prevalence in males was significantly higher than that in females[26.4%(842/3 195) vs. 8.5%(314/3 702), P<0.001); and the prevalence in females increased with age (χ 2=7.56, P=0.023). Body mass index(BMI), waist circumference(WC), total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), serum creatinine, alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and albumin/urine creatinine ratio(UACR) in the HUA group were significantly higher than those in the non-HUA group, while estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR) and high-density lipoprotein(HDL) were lower than those in the non-HUA group (all P<0.01). The prevalence of hypertension, decreased renal function, overweight or obesity, abdominal obesity, fatty liver and renal cyst in HUA group was significantly higher than that in non-HUA group (all P<0.01). High values of TG, low-density lipoprotein(LDL), WC, hypertension and fatty liver were risk factors for HUA( OR=1.14, 1.20, 1.03, 1.43, 2.19; P<0.01); while female gender, eGFR, HDL and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) were protective factors for HUA( OR=0.32, 0.94, 0.65, 0.78; P<0.01). The questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 090 HUA patients, and the results showed that 73.2% (798 cases) were aware of the disease after the health check-up results released; only 30.9% (337 cases) knew the diagnostic criteria of HUA, 21.1% (230 cases) knew that HUA needed life-long follow-up care, 56.3% (614 cases), 49.2% (536 cases) and 47.9% (522 cases) thought that HUA should eat less seafood, broth and soya bean products, 17.0%(185 cases) were atcohol drinker and the awareness rates of above questions in patients with gout were higher than those in patients without gout ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The study shows that the prevalence of HUA among the elderly in Gumei community of Shanghai is high, and the HUA related knowledge levels and health behavior performance are not ideal, especially for HUA patients without gout, therefore health education should be strengthened for elderly residents in the community.

Diabetes retinopathy （DR） is an important cause that threatens the visual health of adults. There are some treatment methods of western medicine with definite efficacy， such as anti-vascular endothelial growth factor and laser photocoagulation， but they have many adverse reactions such as intraocular infection and visual field damage. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） therapies are safe and effective， which can complement western medicine. Phosphatidylinositol3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt） signaling pathway regulates a range of processes including glucose metabolism， cell proliferation， and cell transcription and apoptosis， which is closely related to the occurrence and development of DR. Numerous studies have shown that TCM monomers can participate in maintaining the integrity of blood-retinal barrier and inhibiting retinal neovascularization and neurodegeneration in many aspects such as inhibiting oxidative stress and alleviating inflammatory reaction by regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway， so as to delay the progress of DR. Therefore， this study reviewed PI3K/Akt pathway and its relationship with DR， as well as the TCM monomers in interfering with DR based on PI3K/Akt pathway to provide some ideas for the prevention and treatment of DR in integrated TCM and western medicine.

Glycolytic metabolism enzymes have been implicated in the immunometabolism field through changes in metabolic status. PGK1 is a catalytic enzyme in the glycolytic pathway. Here, we set up a high-throughput screen platform to identify PGK1 inhibitors. DC-PGKI is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of PGK1 with an affinity of K _d = 99.08 nmol/L. DC-PGKI stabilizes PGK1 in vitro and in vivo, and suppresses both glycolytic activity and the kinase function of PGK1. In addition, DC-PGKI unveils that PGK1 regulates production of IL-1β and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Mechanistically, inhibition of PGK1 with DC-PGKI results in NRF2 (nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2, NFE2L2) accumulation, then NRF2 translocates to the nucleus and binds to the proximity region of Il-1β and Il-6 genes, and inhibits LPS-induced expression of these genes. DC-PGKI ameliorates colitis in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model. These data support PGK1 as a regulator of macrophages and suggest potential utility of PGK1 inhibitors in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.