All the cervical vertebrae and the first thoracic vertebra (totalled 816 vertebrae) were measured from 102 sets of Chinese skeletons.The average values of the measurements of various aspects are reported as follows: (1) The antero-posterior and right-to-left diameters of the vertebral foramen were 15.47?1.11 mm and 22.58?1.22 mm respectively. (2) The antero-posterior diameters of the upper and lower surfaces of the vertebral body measured 15.66?1.12 mm and 24.16?1.12 mm and the left to right diameters measured 16.28?1.14 mm and 22.85?1.24 mm respectively. (3) The distance between the two superior articular processes was 23.12? 1.23 mm. (4) The height and width of the dens of the axis were 18.40?1.20 mm and 10.09?1.02 mm respectively. (5) The width of the cervical intervertebral foramen was 6.68?0.50 mm, and its height was 7.85?0.54 mm. (6) The width of the vertebral arterial groove of the atlas was 5.71?0.48 mm. (7) Variations of the foramen of transverse process for the vertebral artery were observed, and their freguency of occurrence was reported.According to the criteria obtained, the diagnosis and the treatment of various types of cervical spondylosis are discussed.

Objectives To study the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of acute peripheral artery injury, and ways to improve the treatment. Methods Clinical data of 211 cases of acute peripheral arterial injuries admitted between January 1988 and June 2002 in Anzhen hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Of the 211 cases,73 cases were with blunt injuries, 99 penetrating injuries, 37 iatrogenic injuries, 2 gunshot injuries. Management procedures included arterial primary or patch repair in 28 cases, ligation alone in 17, end-to-end anastomosis in 41, interposition reverse saphenous vein graft in 37, interposition prosthetic graft in 29, thrombectomy in 14, excision of pseudoanurysm in 36, interventional thrombolytise in 2, ultrosonic-guided packing in 2, conservative management in 2. One hundred and ninety-two patients were cured,10 patients amputed, 4 patients died respectively.Results Ratio of cure,amputation,and mortality was 90.1%,4.74%,1.8% respectively.Amputation rate in blunt injuries was significantly higher than that in penetrarting injuries (P

ObjectiveTo explore the influence of clinical symptoms and applicability of discontiguous naikan cognitive therapy(DNCT) among convalescent schizophrenic patients.MethodsApplying DNCT,100 convalescent paranoid schizophrenic patients with convalescent clinical state were consecutively recruited.All the patients were randomly divided into DNCT group and control group and were pretreated with antipsychotic agent therapy,40 patients in DNCT group and 49 patients in control group entered the statistic analysis,11 lost.In DNCT group,the patients received DNCT for successive 28 days.In control group,the patients only received antipsychotic agent therapy.Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS),Nurses'Observation Scale for Inpatient Evaluation (NOSIE) were administered to all subjects pre- and post-treatment.ResultsAfter treatment,in the study group,total PANSS scales ( (54.00 ± 10.19 ) vs (45.05 ± 5.28 ),t =5.430,P ＜ 0.01 ),the positive symptom item ((11.00±3.33) vs (9.53 ±1.85),t=3.670,P=0.01),negative symptoms item((12.15 ±4.38) vs (9.40± 2.15 ),t =4.371,P ＜ 0.01 ),general psychopathology item ( (26.90 ± 5.66) vs (22.65 ± 3.07 ) 分,t =4.494,P＜0.01 ) scored lower than before,The difference was statistically significant.PANSS study group after treatment,total scores( (45.05 ±5.28 ) vs (52.04 ± 10.36),t=-3.876 P＜0.01 ),negative symptom item score( t =- 3.789,P ＜ 0.01 ),composite item ( t =2.251,P =0.027 ),the general psychopathology item ( t =- 3.336,P =0.01 ),score significantly lower than the control group.After twelve weeks follow-up study,in the study group,PANSS total scores ( t =4.764,P ＜ 0.01 ),item score of positive symptoms ( t =2.335,P =0.025 ),negative symptoms item score( t =3.083,P =0.004) ),genial psychopathology item score ( t =4.325,P ＜ 0.01 ) was still significantly lower than before treatment,the difference was statistically significant.In study group,after treatment,NOSIE Scale total negative factors scores( t =3.083,P =0.004) were significantly lower than before,total positive factors( t =-2.446,P=0.019),the total estimated factor in the disease scores ( t =-4.730,P ＜ 0.001 )were significantly higher than before treatment.After treatment,in the study group,negative factors ( t =-3.953,P=0.000) were significantly lower than the control group,twelve weeks follow-up,study group total negative factors of NOSIE scale score( t =2.126,P =0.040) was still lower than before treatment,the difference was statistically significant,total positive factor( t =- 2.054,P =0.047 ) still higher than before treatment,the difference was statistically significant.ConclusionDNCT can possibly improve part clinical symptoms of patients with convalescent schizophrenia to a certain extent,especially negative symptom,and the impact remained to the twelve weeks,but need to further prove the effect of naikan cognitive therapy.

Objective To assess the efficiency,safety and indications of permanent inferior vena cava filters (VCF) placement for prevention of pulmonary embolism in cases of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Method In this study 71 cases were treated with permanent inferior vena cava filters by way of the internal jugular vein and the common femoral vein. Cavography was performed routinely before inserting the VCF to confirm no thrombosis in IVC and access veins. The insertion site for filters is the subrenal vena cava. Results The procedure was successful in all cases. There was no case of symptomatic PE occurred during 1～41 months of follow-up. There were 2 cases of IVC thrombosis at the site of insertion and 5 cases of filter tilting less than 15?. There were no other complications. Conclusion Permanent IVC filter placement is an effective method for preventing fatal PE due to DVT. Imaging of the vena cava and access vein by venous ultrasound and cavography, strict anticoagulation therapy after VCF insertion are key to perform VCF placement, provide protection from recurrent life-threatening PE and reduce complications. The filter placement indications should be strict.

Objective To evaluate the treatment for acute embolism in the extremities and define the primary factors affecting the prognosis. Methods From December 1984 to December 2006,536 patients with acute embolism of extremities were treated. Embolectomy with Forgarty catheters were performed in 507 cases, including salvage surgery in 34 cases and conservative therapy in 29 cases. Results The cure rate, mortality and amputation rate were 76.68%,9.51% and 10.26% respectively. Embolism recurred in 11.7% cases. Cardiopulmonary (27.5% ) and renal failure ( 25.5% ) were main causes of death during perioperative period. No bleeding nor other major complications occurred in 221 patients with atrial fibrillation who routinely received wafarine under proper monitoring. About 25.6% patients underwent heart valves surgery during hospitalization or within one year after discharge. Conclusions Patients suffering from acute embolism of the extremities should receive combination treatment. The main factors affecting the prognosis include time and degree of ischemia, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Anticoagulant and etiologic treatment should be adopted in those with cardiogenic embolus and atrial fibrillation.

By expounding the definition and application status quo of egg freezing with non-medical factors, this paper ethically analyzed the conflict between egg freezing with non-medical factors and assisted reproductive technology standard management. After systematic evaluation on effectiveness, safety, economy and ethics, it sug-gested that the egg freezing with non-medical factors required careful consideration.

Objective To establish an appropriate animal model of brain metastases from lung cancer in nude mice by thoracic orthotopic implantation in the chest or left ventricular injection , and to serve further studies on the mechanisms of lung cancer brain metastasis .Methods PC-9 cells (1 ×106/0.1 mL) in logarithmic phase were respectively injected into 18 nude mice by orthotopic implantation in the chest or left ventricular injection ( n=9 each group ) .The statuses of nude mice were observed after implantation .Animals showing clear signs of dyscrasia were killed .At autopsy, the lung, brain, liver and kidney were removed and histological sections were stained with H /E to detect the presence of tumor cells . Results In the thoracic orthotopic implantation group , three weeks after implantation , the number 4, 6, 9 mice showed tumor nodules in the chest wall , they began to lose weight in the fourth to sixth week differently , showing signs of dyscrasia gradually , and were sacrificed at the fifth to seventh week .The thoracotomy revealed that the whole thorax was occupied by many large lung cancer masses , spreading into bilateral ribs , pleura and spinal vertebra , with scarce eroded , compressed , pale and distorted lung tissues left .Histological examination with HE staining showed the presence of neoplasms in their lung tissues but only the number 6 mouse showed metastatic lesions in the brain tissue .In the left ventricular injection group, the mice almost began to lose weight in the third week simultaneously and became moribund slowly , which were all sacrificed at the fourth week .After thoracotomy , the thoraxes were clear except the number 11 and 18 mice which appeared 2-3 tiny tumor foci in the chest wall , with normal lung tissues .Histological examination with HE staining showed the pres-ence of brain metastases in all the nine mice .The rate of brain metastases from lung cancer in the left ventricular injection group was 100%, compared with 11.1% in the thoracic orthotopic implantation group .Conclusions The establishment method of mouse model by left ventricular injection shows significantly higher rate of lung cancer brain metastases than that by thoracic orthotopic implantation .

The objective of the present study was to establish a novel rapid fluorescence focus inhibition test (RFFIT GFP)for the detection of rabies virus antibody, in which a chimeric rabies virus expressing green fluorescent protein (HEP GFP) was used as the basic virus strain in RFFIT GFP assay, and a few serum samples from human, dog and cat were detected by this new method .The optimal serum dilution, virus dosage and infection time were determined in 24 serum samples from human, dog and cat by using RFFIT GFP, RFFIT and ELISA assays. The result showed that these 3 methods gave a good consistency. But RFFIT GFP was found to be more convenient and economic for the detection of rabies virus antibody.

ObjectiveTo evaluate axillofemoral bypass(AxFB) for the treatment of chronic severe lower limb ischemia. Method Consecutive AxFB performed in Anzhen Hospital from January 1995 to November 2002 was retrospectively analysed, with 31 patients of aortoiliac occlusive disease undergoing axillobifemoral bypass (AxBFB) and 32 axillounifemoral bypass(AxUFB) respectively. Result On discharge, rest pain disappeared in 44 cases and intermittent claudication in 19 cases, with average ankle/brachial index changing from preoperative 0.18(0～0.49) to postoperative 0.68(0.29～1.04). Rate of limbs salvage was 87.4%, amputation rate was 7.9%. Three cases died with a perioperative mortality of 4.8%. The patency rate of 1,3,5 years were 93.2%,79.8% and 64.1%, respectively. Conclusion AxFB for aortoiliac occlusive disease is considered to be acceptable procedure in high-risk patients with poor femoral run-off and chronic critical lower limb ischemia.

Objective To study the clinical characters and the nursing points of patients with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion combined severe craniocerebral injury. Method Retrospective analyzed the clinical documents of 13 patients with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion combined severe craniocerebral injury. Results The most patients with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion combined severe craniocerebral injury have disorder of consciousness. There were essential differences between this disease and the syndrome of cerebral hyponatremia. Conclusion The key nursing points include: limited the water intake strictly, strengthen the nursing about skin and the limbs and survey the blood sodium and the urine sodium.