AIM:To determine whether caudatin , a C21 steroidal aglycone , enhances tumor necrosis factor-re-lated apoptosis-inducing ligand ( TRAIL)-associated HepG2 cell apoptosis .METHODS:Cell growth inhibition was deter-mined by MTT assay and cell colony formation assay .The TUNEL apoptosis detection kit was used to analyze cell apopto-sis, and the protein expression was examined by Western blotting .RESULTS:Combination of caudatin with TRAIL signi-ficantly reduced cell proliferation and increased the apoptotic rate of HepG 2 cells compared with the use of each agent alone.This was evidenced by marked increases in caspase-3, caspase-7, caspase-9 and PARP cleavages in the cells treated with caudatin and TRAIL-compared with control group .Combination of caudatin with TRAIL also led to the strong suppres-sion of survivin .CONCLUSION:Caudatin synergizes HepG 2 cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by promoting the cleava-ges of caspase-3, caspase-7, caspase-9 and PARP and inhibiting the expression of survivin .

Objective To research the clinical outcome of atypical glandular cell (AGC)according to various subtypes of HPV infection and histological pathology results.Methods The data of the liquid-bases cytology (LBP),HPV infection and histology in 102 cases of AGC at the gynecology outpatient department of our hospital from January 1 ,2009 to February 28,2014 were collected and performed the analysis on their clinical outcomes.Results Among 67 218 cases of LBP detection,102 cases were AGC with the total incidence rate of 0.15%.In the cases of AGC-NOS,67 cases were normal or benign lesions,11 cases were precancerous lesion and malignant lesions;in the cases of AGC treading to tumor,the benign,precancerous and malignant lesions were in 7,14 and 3 ca-ses respectively.At the same time in the cases of AGC-NOS,HPV infection was in 64 cases,in which 57 cases were high risk infec-tion(type 16,52,45)and 7 cases were low risk infection(type 6,11 ).The single infection,double infection and multiple infection were in 54,6 cases respectively;in the cases of AGC trends to neoplasm,HPV infection was in 19 cases,in which 18 cases were high risk infection(type 52,16,18)and 1 case was low risk infection(type 6),single infection and double infection were in 15 cases and 4 cases respectively.Conclusion AGC may play an important role for the forecast of cervical malignant lesions.The results of differ-ent HPV subtypes infection in AGC related tumors also play a certain role in the prediction of cervical neoplasia.Their combined a-nalysis is the important signal for judging the occurrence of gynecological cervical precancerous lesion and malignant tumor,i.e., AGC combining with the corresponding HPV subtype infection not only can make a judgement for the cervical lesions,but also pro-vides the basis for predicting the high risk existence of gynecological malignant tumor and provides constructive suggestions for Chi-na regional cervical carcinoma vaccine manufacturing and promotion.

OBJECTIVE:To determinate the plasma concentration of ropivacaine in rabbits by HPLC,and study the secu?rity of ropivacaine in rabbits.METHODS:Nine rabbits were injected with ropivacaine drop by drop with a speed of1mg/(kg?min)until the rabbits died.RESULTS:The mean plasma concentration of ropivacaine in rabbits was224.54?107.45mg/L when the rabbits died.CONCLUSION:Ropivacaine has high security in rabbits.

AIM To compare the pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of between capsule and solution of benzoylmetronidazole. METHODS Ten chinese healthy male volunteers in a randomized 2-way crossover study were given a single oral dose 960 mg capsule(test) and solution (control) respectively. The serum concentrations of metronidazole, one of the metabolites of benzoylmetronidazole, was measured by high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS The serum concentration-time curves appeared one-compartment open model. The results of the capsule and the solution of benzoylmetronidazole showed that T max (5.10?1.60) h and (3.12?0.90) h; C max (5.32?0.87) mg?L -1 and (6.51?1.25) mg?L -1 ; T 12 (10.56?1.75) h and (10.16?1.65) h; AUC (106.96?19.62) mg?h -1 ?L -1 and (113.59?19.84) mg?h?L -1 . CONCLUTION No significant difference appears in the pharmacokinetic parameters between the two formulations except of T max and C max ( P

Evidence-based medicine(EBM) emphasizes that the clinical practice should be based on the combination of the best available clinical evidence,medical experiences and patient desire to cope with the demand of medical decision-making.Guidelines for good clinical(research) practice,conduct of more trials as multicentre trials,and the cochran collaboration may all help apply the best research evidence to clinical practice.China is challenged by variety of health problems.The implementation of EBM will improve the decision-making and health care services and protect the doctors and patients rights.

Objective To report a method for preparation of saturated oligosaccharides from al- ginate. Methods The alginate was degraded by acid hydrolysis, followed by fractionation at pH 2.85 resulting in the homopolyguluronic acids (PG) and homopolymannuronic acids (PM). The alginate-derived homopolymers were further degraded by acid hydrolysis at pH 3.8, 120 ℃ for 3 h, and at pH 4, 120 ℃ for 4 h, respectively. The resulted acidic hydrolysates were separated by gel permeation chromatography to get oligosaccharide fractions, and the oligosaccharides were obtaind by repeated purification on gel chromatography. The structures of the oligosaccharides were characterized by analyses of infra-red spectroscopy (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR), and mass spectrometry (MS). Results It was showed that the derived oligosaccharides were in saturated structures with the same structure characteristics as the original alginate macromolecule. Conclusion The method des cribed in this paper is a effective and convenient approach for the preparation of low-molecular-weight oligosaccharides from alginate.

AIM:To investigate the effect of perifosine, an inhibitor of protein kinase B ( PKB/Akt) , on the cell cycle, apoptosis and autophagy in human brain glioma U251 cells, and to determine the relationship between perifos-ine-induced autophagy and apoptosis of glioma.METHODS:The cell growth inhibition was determined by MTT assay. The cell cycle distribution of U251 cells was examined by flow cytometry.The cell apoptosis was analyzed by Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection kit.The protein expression of P21, P27, cyclin B1, caspase-9 and PARP was examined by Wes-tern blot analysis.The distribution and expression of LC3-Ⅱ, an autophagy marker, was observed to determine the effect of perifosine-induced autophagy.RESULTS:Perifosine inhibited the cell viability in a dose-dependent manner.In perifos-ine-treated U251 cells, the cell cycle was arrested in G2 phase and the expression of cyclin B1 was inhibited.Perifosine in-duced apoptosis of U251 cells through activation of caspase-9 cleavage, PARP cleavage and survivin inhibition.In addi-tion, suppression of autophagy by chloroquin, an inhibitor of autophagy, increased the number of apoptotic cells.CON-CLUSION:Perifosine inhibits cell proliferation and triggers apoptosis and autophagy in human U251 cells.Blocking auto-phagy magnifies perifosine-induced glioma cell apoptosis.

@@

Objective This study aims to investigate the association of apoB/apoA-1 ratio with insulin resistance (IR) in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) . Methods A total of 224 patients with NAFLD and 166 healthy subjects were enrolled as NAFLD group and control group. Weight, height and blood pressure were recorded. Serum levels of fasting blood glucose (FPG), insulin (Fins), lipids, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were measured. Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) indices were calculated. Results Compared with control group, NAFLD group had higher apoB/apoA-1 ratio (0.76 ± 0.28 vs 0.61 ± 0.26) and HOMA-IR (2.43 ± 1.68 vs 1.86 ± 1.61) . Spearman correlation analysis showed that in NAFLD group, HOMA-IR positively correlated with age, body mass index (BMI), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), apoB/apoA-1 ratio (r =0.34, P < 0. 05) and HbA1c, and negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) . Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that apoB/apoA-1 ratio was still associated with HOMA-IR in NAFLD group after adjustment for age and BMI. Conclusion The apoB/apoA-1 ratio is closely associated with IR in patients with NAFLD. ApoB/apoA-1 ratio may play a role in the development of IR in NAFLD.

BACKGROUND:Since the FDA was the first to approve autologous bone marrow stem cel transplantation for treatment of myocardial infarction in 2003, there has a large number of clinical and basic research reports. However, their conclusions are different and stem cel homing is a key point. OBJECTIVE:To explore the homing abilities of different subgroups of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels in myocardial regeneration. METHODS:After mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels were detected using a mouse cardiac stem cel surface differentiation antigen, four cel subgroups were separated on the basis of CD45 and CD31. The homing abilities of the four subgroups were assayed in a Transwel chamberin vitro. The different cel subgroups were injected into the model mice suffering from myocardial infarction for 48 hours. The mice were sacrificed at 48 hours, 96 hours, and 7 days after injection; the hearts were taken and analyzed through whole-body imaging and fluorescence intensity detection. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The SCA-1+/CD45+/CD31+ subgroup exhibited the strongest homing ability. The whole-body imaging indicated that the fluorescence intensity of SCA-1+/CD45+/CD31+ subgroup was higher than that of the other subgroups at 48 hours, 96 hours and 7 days after stem cel injection. The migration rate of SCA-1+/CD45+/CD31+ subgroup was also the highest. These findings indicate that the homing ability of the SCA-1+/CD45+/CD31+ subgroup of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels exhibit a homing trend to the damaged myocardial tissue.