Objective To explorer the clinical therapeutic effects of applying hyperbaric oxygen drenching(HOD) combined with microsurgical technique on peripheral nerve injuries induced in plateau military training.Methods Forty-one hospitalized patients(52 nerves) with peripheral nerve injuries induced in plateau military training from Jan.2000 to Dec.2007 were randomly divided into treatment group(21 patients,27 nerves injured) and control group(20 patients,25 nerves injured).Microsurgery and postoperative HOD treatment were performed to the patients in treatment group,only microsurgery was performed to the patients in the control group.The restorative procedures for injured nerves were adopted with direct end-to-end suture or sural nerve autograft according to the degree of injury.The recovery of nerve function was assessed and compared between the two groups.Results All patients were followed up for a mean period of 18 months(ranged 6-30 months) after operations.The recovery of nerve function was assessed according to the single nerve functional evaluation criteria.In treatment group,the excellent and fine results were obtained in 7 and 16 nerves,the fineness rate was 85.2%;while in control group,the excellent and fine results were obtained in 2 and 11 nerves,the fineness rate was 52.0%,a significant difference existed on the fineness rate between the two groups(?2=6.71,P