OBJECTIVE: To explore an approach and method for the pharmaceutical care for COPD patients. METHODS: According to characteristics of clinical pharmacy in China, the approaches and methods of pharmaceutical care for COPD patients were established by referring to approaches for pharmaceutical care issued by Joint Accreditation Commission of Health Care Organizations. RESULTS&CONCLUSION:Pharmaceutical care could apparently improve drug use more safely, effectively and economically as well as prognosis for patients.

Objective To investigate the T cell clonality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) . Methods T cell clonality in peripheral blood lymphocytes from six patients with active SLE was analyzed using reverse transcriptase- polymerase chain reaction (RT- PCR) and GeneScan technique. Results T cell receptor (TCR) Vβ PCR products from two patients were derived from polyclonal T cells, however, TCR Vβ9, Vβ2, VβI, Vβ2 pioducts from the other four patients were derived from oligoclonal T cells respectively.ConclusionT cells from patients with SLE demonstrated a striking oligoclnality and their clonal expansion may be a specific response driven by autoantigens.

Malignant tumors of the skull base are rare,present with a variation of histologic stypes, and don't have specific symptoms. Their treatment paradigms differ with histology,location and stage. Many times it is essential to need multidisciplinary cooperation for dealing them. A better understangding of malignant tumors of the skull base will be beneficial for standardized treatment.

Objective To analyze the sequence of the novel conjugative plasmid pO157_Sal detected in outbreak isolates of Escherichia coli O157∶H7 .Methods The traE genes of the outbreak isolates in China were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the products were sequenced .The TraE sequences of Escherichia coli O157 ∶ H7 strains from other sources were retrieved from GenBank . Phylogenetic tree based on the TraE sequences was constructed by Neibhor-joining analysis .The whole plasmid sequences of pO157_Sal and pEC4115 were compared .Results The sequences of traE gene were identical among the Chinese isolates . There were homologous sequences of TraE in Escherichia coli O157∶H7 isolates from different sources .Twenty-one out of the 52 pO157_Sal genes were homologous to genes of pEC4115 with amino acid level identity ranging from 28% to 51% .Conclusions Although similar TraE sequences and similar plasmid are found in Escherichia coli O157∶H7 isolates from different sources ,pO157_Sal is only observed in Chinese outbreak isolates .The TraE sequences are conservative among the outbreak isolates ,indicating they are from the same specific source .

Objective To investigate the radiosensitivity enhancement on CL187 cancer cell lines after continous low-dose-rate irradiation of 125I seeds blocked by EGFR antibody.Methods There were control group,the irradiation or plus EGFR antibody group,with 3 samples in each group.Clongenic assay was used to detect the survival of cells.The cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry.Results The survival fraction of CL187 cells were lower after blocked by EGFR antibody at the same dose irradiation.The SER were 1.34,1.59 and 1.98 when the antibody concentration were 2,5 and 10 nmol/L,respectively.The irradiation plus antibody led to more apoptosis(39.86%±4.38%)of CL187 cells than the irradiation (21.57%±2.97%)plused antibody(12.49%±1.59%)worked alone.Comparison of the low dose rate irradiation related to G2/M cell cycle arrest(46.41%±4.48%),More G1 cell cycle arrest(84.51%±3.42%)walked together along with the EGFR antibody.Conclusions EGFR antibody could enhance the cell radiosensitivity after continuous low-dose-rate.irradiation.The cell cycle redistribution and apoptosis might be the main mechanism of the radiosensitivity enhancement.

Higher mathematics teaching has for long been regarded as the instruction of pure mathematical theory and knowledge,which lacks the enlightenment of humanistic thoughts.This paper innovatively introduces humanistic thoughts and spirit into the teaching process of higher mathematics,which propels the lecture teaching effect of higher mathematics,enhances the teaching efficiency of higher mathematics,and promotes the humanistic quality of medical students.

Objective To evaluate the medical students' medical professionalism.Methods Totally 1200 medical college students from first grade to fourth were randomly selected to do the self-designed questionnaire of medical occupation spirit using the method of cluster sampling.Principal component analysis was applied to do data processing and analysis.Results ①Two principle components were extracted,the first principal component included the attitude on the personal contact with patient,attitude on the in-depth clinical practice aiming at improving the ability of doctor-patient communication,attitude on playing multiple roles in contacting patient and the understanding of the physician-patient relationship.The second principal component included the working attitude toward history collection,the sense of pride when be praised “proficiency” and the attitude towards difficult operations.② The scores of medical occupation spirit for medical students of first grade to four grade were:-4.4226,-0.0343,-5.1397,0.6827.The score was the highest in grade three medical students followed by grade two and grade one.Conclusion Unstable development trend was observed in medical occupation spirit among medical students and due attention should be paid.Strengthening the medical studenl occupation spirit education and training should focus on two aspects:the subjective aspect,namely active communication and exchange with patients who have subjective dynamic consciousness; the objective aspect,namely the attitude towards the grasp of professional skills.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the early response rate and radiation toxicity of cyberknife in the treatment of primary or metastasticretroperitoneal tumors.MethodsTwenty-eightpatientswith retroperitoneal tumors were treated with cyberknife.The total doses were 2000-6000 cGy ( median 4500 cGy) and biological effective doses were 3750-10080 cGy (median 7680 cGy) in 2-10 fractions (median 5).Of all patients,3 received three dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) or intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) boost,1 was treated as second-course radiotherapy,and others were treated with cyberknife only.The survival rates were calculated by Kaplan-Meier method and compared with Logrank test.ResultsThe complete response,partial response,stable disease and progression disease rates were 43％(12/28),6％ ( 10/28),18％ ( 5/28 ),4％ ( 1/28 ),respectively.The overall response rate was 96％.The number of patients who were followed up more than 1,2,3 years were 17,9,7,respectively.The 1-,2-and 3-year local control rates were 92％,86％ and 86％,respectively.The 1-,2-and 3-year overall survival rates were 60％,49％ and 49％,respectively.The difference between local progression-free survival and overall survival was not significant ( median 9.5 and 12.0 months,x2 =0.17,P =0.680).Moreover,if the patients did not have metastasis elsewhere and local treatment was effective,there was no significant difference between local progression-free survival and progression free survival (median 17 and 11 months,x2 =0.13,P=0.720).Acute radiation-induced side effects (≥ 2 grade) such as fatigue,anorexia,nausea,vomiting and epigastric discomfort occurred in 9,9,7,7 and 2 patients,respectively.Intestinal stenosis of 1 grade occurred in 1 patient.Conclusions Radiotherapy for retroperitoneal tumors with cyberknife has provided a high response rate with minimal side effects.It is a safe and effective local treatment method for retroperitoneal tumors.

Itraconazole has potent anticancer activity at the standard therapeutic doses,which is proved in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies,even in active clinical trials.The precise mode of action of itraconazole for its anticancer activity has not been elucidated,however multiple putative mechanisms are proposed,such as anti-angiogenesis,inhibition of Hedgehog pathway,autophagy induction and reversal of multi-drug resistance.Its high efficacy,known toxicity and well-estabhshed pharmacokinetics make this generic drug a strong candidate for repurposing as an oncological treatment.

Objective To study the effects of 125I seeds irradiation on apoptosis and cell cycle of CL187 colon cancer cells. Methods In vitro cultured human CL187 colon cancer cells were randomly divided into 4 groups:Control group,Irradiation groups under 2,5 and 10 Gy respectively,for which the activity of the seeds was determined at 9.25?104 MBq,and the initial dose to be 2.77 cGy/h.All the cells were collected 48 hours after irradiation.The apoptosis were detected by using double staining method with annexin and propidium iodide(PI),and the cell cycle by using PI staining method. Results The apoptosis rates were 13.74%?1.63%,46.27%?3.82%,32.58%?3.61% respectively in 2 Gy,5 Gy,and 10Gy groups,significantly higher than that of control group(1.67%?0.19%,q=7.594,P