[Objective]To investigate whether syrinx should by treated before correction in patients with scoliosis complicated by syringomyelia without neurologic impairment. [Method]Thirty-five cases were divided into experimental group(group A,without preoperative surgical intervention to syrinx,15 cases)and control group(group B,with preoperative surgical intervention,20 cases) randomly. The coronal plane Cobb's angle,the length of syrinx,the position of syrinx,the biggest diameter of syrinx and S/C ratio were measured and compared between 2 groups.[Result]There was no significant difference in the correction rate and loss rate between two groups.The postoperative syrinx index(biggest diameter of syrinx,syrinx length and S/C ratio) was significantly smaller than that of preoperation(P

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of the ultra-early stent-assisted coil embolization of the ruptured intracranial aneurysms. Methods The clinical data of 13 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysm treated by ultra-early stent-assisted coil embolization were analyzed retrospectively. The preoperative Hunt-Hess gradeⅠ-Ⅱ was in 7 cases,gradeⅢ was in 4 cases,and grade Ⅳ was in 2 cases. The patients were treated with stent-assisted coil embolization under the general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation within 24 h of aneurysm rupture. The postoperative embolization was assessed according to the Raymond grading standard. The postoperative complications and the assessment of the follow-up results from 1 to 6 months after procedure according to the modified Rankin scale (mRS ) scores were observed. Results All 11 patients recovered well,1 case had postoperative hemiplegia,1 case had postoperative bleeding,and none of them died. During the follow-up period,no patients had rebleeding, 1 had recurrence,and DSA revealed that the patient was embolized completely at 2 months after reembolization. Conclusion The method of ultra-early stent-assisted coil embolization of ruptured intracranial aneurysms is feasible. It may improve the cure rate of the ruptured aneurysms and improve the prognosis of patients.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of one-stage posterior-anterior approach surgery for patients with cervical fracture and dislocation combined with locked facet.Methods A retrospective review was conducted on 21 cases of cervical dislocation and fracture combined with locked facet treated by one-stage posterior-anterior approach surgery between April 2011 and December 2012.There were 16 males and 5 females at age ranging from 23 to 61 years (mean,38.3 years).Posterior unlocking reduction by partial facetectomy and lateral mass screw fixation was performed,followed by anterior decompression,internal fixation and interbody fusion by titanium meshes.Outpatient or telephone follow-up was performed to evaluate bone fusion and recovery of neurologic function.Results Mean operation time was 140 minutes (130-210 minutes) and mean blood loss was 340 ml (range,150-600 ml).All incisions got primary healing with no operation-correlated complications.Five patients complicated with severe lung infection after surgery and one died of respiratory failure two week later.Titanium meshes achieved bone fusion within 3-9 months (mean,6 months) after surgery.At a mean follow-up of 17 months (range,12-30 months),there was no implant breakage and mesh displacement or collapse.According to the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) score,preoperative neurologic deficit restored by mean one grade at final follow-up.Conclusion One-stage posterior-anterior approach surgery is an ideal choice for cervical fracture and dislocation combined with locked facet,for it provides unlocking reduction,canal decompression,and rigid reconstruction of the anterior-posterior column.

Objective To compare the minimum 5?year follow?up outcomes of surgical management by posterior only, anterior only and combined posterior and anterior approaches for lumbar tuberculosis in adults, evaluate the mid?term follow?up results of the surgery for the treatment of lumbar tuberculosis and explore its advantages and indications. Methods From Jun 2004 to Jan 2010, 311 adult patients with lumbar tuberculosis were treated surgically. The clinical data of 137 cases that met the enrolled criteria and had integrity following?up data was analyzed retrospectively. It included the patients who had the surgical indication of the posterior only surgery but underwent the anterior only or the combined posterior and anterior ap?proaches before 2008. There were 83 cases of male and 54 cases of female. The age ranged from 20 to 75 years, with a mean of 65.6 years. Among these patients, 63 cases were treated with single?stage posterior debridement, interbody fusion and instru?mentation (the posterior group); 42 cases were treated with posterior instrumentation, and anterior debridement and bone graft in a single or two?stage procedures (the combined group) and 32 cases were treated with anterior debridement and strut graft?ing with instrumentation (the anterior group). Trauma index (the operation time, blood loss, the length of hospital stay, compli?cations);imaging parameters (Segment kyphotic angle, corrective rate, loss angle, bone fusion time) and the quality?of?life indi?cators (Oswestry Disability Index、Frankle grade、visual analogue scale、Macnab score) were compared among three groups. Re?sults The mean operation time, mean blood loss and the complications rate were (207.9 ± 30.9) min, (409.5 ± 107.9) ml and 12.95%in the posterior group;(270.7±32.0) min, (649.0±120.0) ml and 30.95%in the anterior group;(349.7±38.9) min, (840.0± 168.7) ml and 25%in the combined group. The operation time, blood loss and the complications rate of the posterior group were less than the anterior group and the combined group, and the difference was significant;The combined group consumed the longest operation time, associated with the most intraoperative blood loss, the highest complication rate and the longest hospital stay among the three groups, and the difference was significant. The correction rate of kyphosis achieved of the anterior group ( 52%± 5.45%) was significantly inferior to the posterior group (74%±5.04%) and the combined group (69%±7.95%), while the loss of cor?rection in the anterior group (2.5°) was higher than both the posterior group (0.8°) and the combined group (1.1°), and the differ?ence was significant. The average follow?up was(6.5±1.96)years (range, 5-11). The mean bone fusion time of the posterior group, the anterior group and the combined group were (6.0±1.5) months, (6.2±1.3) months and (6.5±1.6) months respectively, and there was no statistic difference. After the surgery, the quality of life was improved obviously in all patients. At the time of the latest fol?low?up, the improvement rate of the ODI,VAS and the excellent and good rate according to the Macnab score were 80.6%±2.1%, 81.7%± 1.6%and 95.24%in the posterior group;79.8%± 1.5%, 79.7%± 2.0%and 92.95%in the anterior group;81.3%± 1.1%, 79.9%±0.8%and 90.63%in the combined group. There was no significant difference among the groups in the improvement rates of the ODI, VAS, Frankel grade and the excellent and good rate of the Macnab score. Conclusion The Mid?term follow?up of the different surgical procedures for the treatment of the lumbar tuberculosis in adults were basically satisfactory. Compared with the traditional surgery, the posterior?only surgery is a safe, minimally invasive and effective method in the management of monoseg?ment lumbar tuberculosis in adults.

Objective To set up and validate three-dimensional finite element model (FEM) of Lenke 1 BN idiopathic scoliosis based on CT images, for building ideal digitization platform for further biomechanical study. Methods An 18-year-old female Lenke 1 BN idiopathic scoliosis patient was selected as volunteer for current study. CT transverse scanning in supine position was done from T1 to caudal end in 1mm layer interval. All CT images were imported into Mimics 10.01 to form qualified AIS three-dimensional geometric model after geometry clean, including all thoraco-lumbar-sacral vertebrae and thoracic cage, which was further delivered to Hypher Mesh 7.0 to build 3d finite element AIS model by mesh partition and quality control. A variety of material parameters were given to different mesh according to references. Validation verification was done by left and right Bending test and erect-supine test. Results 1 )A complete three-dimensional finite element model of Lenke 1 BN idiopathic scoliosis was built successfully, in consist of 341 228 nodes,1 409 929 tetrahedron elements, 163 132 shell elements, 715 cable elements and 149 rod elements. 2)The convex bending Cobb's angles of PT, MT and L curve on X-ray films and finite element simulation were 14°,26° ,8° and 15° ,24°,6° respectively. The error of finite element simulation was 8.3%. 3)Erect Cobb's angles of PT, MT and L were 37°, 50°, 24° and 33°, 51°, 24° on X-ray films and by finite element simulation.Supine Cobb's angles of PT, MT and L were 29°, 43°, 22° and 27°, 42°, 22° on X-ray films and by finite element simulation. The average error of finite element simulation was 3.9%. Conclusion Lenke 1 BN idiopathic scoliosis FEM is intact, reliable and effective for further biomechanical simulation study.

Objective To survey the prevalence of hypertension in population of Keshan disease endemic areas, in order to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of hypertension in rural areas of our country.Methods One hundred and twenty villages were selected as the survey places based on case-finding from 15 provinces including Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Hubei, Yunnan,Sichuan, Guizhou, Chongqing and Mongolia in 2009.The subjects were permanent residents in the survey places.Basic situation of all subjects was collected through the questionnaire survey and blood pressure was measured by a clinician.Diagnostic criterion for hypertension was based on the Chinese Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension.Results Totally 33 558 subjects aged 18 and over were surveyed, including 8 699 hypertension patients.The positive rate of hypertension was 25.9％ (8 699/33 558), among that 26.3％ (3 532/13 408) were males,and 25.6％ (5 167/20 150) were females.The positive rate of hypertension increased with age (x2 =3 348.325, P ＜0.05).In the classification of hypertension, the proportion of stage 1, 2 and 3 hypertension and isolated systolic hypertension was 31.8％ (2 770/8 699), 26.1％ (2 273/8 699), 17.2％ (1 492/8 699) and 24.9％ (2 164/8 699),respectively.Conclusions The positive rates of hypertension in Keshan disease endemic areas are higher than those of the national average (18.8％).Hypertension is a serious public health problem in Keshan disease endemic areas.The strategy of hypertension prevention and control should be formulated for remote rural areas.

Objective To investigate the relevance ratio of abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) and describe the abnormal ECG index among the residents in Keshan disease (KD) area.To assess the KD illness severity and provide comparable quantitative indicators,provide the scientific basis for elimination of KD.Methods Non probability sampling method was used,and monitoring stations with the highest incidence of KD at the county level were selected in 2012.Clinical examination and 12 lead ECG was carried out.According to The KD Diagnosis Standard (WS/T 210-2011),eight common changes in ECG of KD were scored.According to age and sex group,check the abnormal rate of ECG detection of Keshan disease,while analysed the changes of abnormal ECG index score in latent KD patients and chronic KD patients.Abnormal ECG index to determine:If there was one change,the score was 1 and the abnormal ECG index was 1.And so on,the highest score was 8.Results Totally 61 831 residents were surveyed and 9 634 were found with abnormal ECG,and the relevance ratio of abnormal ECG was 15.58％;totally 3 862 residents had eight ECG changes of KD and the relevance ratio was 6.25％;totally 508 residents were diagnosed with KD and the relevance ratio was 0.82％.The relevance ratio of abnormal ECG among all age groups was statistically different (x2 =3 065.64,P ＜ 0.05).The relevance ratio of abnormal ECG in women was higher than that of men [3.91％ (2 419/61 831) vs 2.33％ (1 443/61 831),x2 =86.30,P＜ 0.05].Abnormal ECG index score was (1.06 ± 0.25) which was not statistically different between gender [men:(1.07 ± 0.27) vs women:(1.06 ± 0.24),t =1.41,P ＞ 0.05].The abnormal ECG index score in latent KD patients was lower than that of chronic KD patients [(1.09 ± 0.30) vs (1.60 ± 0.69),t =-4.87,P ＜ 0.05].In eight ECG changes,the most check out items were T wave and/or ST segment changes (2 816).Conclusions The relevance ratio of abnormal ECG in KD area is at a higher level.The abnormal ECG index can be used to assess the KD illness severity and provide comparable quantitative indicators,in order to provide a new train of thought for the evaluation of KD elimination.

BACKGROUND:Artificial total disc replacement is one treatment of low back pain in recent years, but the report on the effect of disc replacement on lumbar sagittal plane is rare. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the effect of lumbar disc replacement on lumbar lordosis. METHODS:Retrospective analysis of radiographic data of 17 patients who underwent lumbar disc replacement for single segment degenerative disc disease was carried out. Data measurement included preoperative and postoperative lumbar lordosis, diseased segmental lordosis and lumbar intervertebral angle. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Al the 17 patients were fol owed-up for more than 12 months. Lumbar disc replacement was performed at L4-5 segment in three cases and L5-S1 segment in 14 cases. The average diseased segmental lordosis and lumbar lordosis were increased significantly after replacement when compared with those before replacement (P<0.05);the lumbar intervertebral angle was increased after replacement when compared with that before replacement, but the difference was not significant. The results indicate that lumbar disc replacement for the treatment of single segment degenerative disc disease can increase the lumbar lordosis and diseased segmental lordosis, which can help to improve the lumbar sagittal balance. The postoperative lumbar intervertebral angle has no correlation with the implant angle of the prosthesis on the replace segment.

Objective: To determine the clinical efficacy and feasibility of multiple special formed titanium mesh cages (TMCs) to treat lumbo-sacral spinal tuberculosis via posterior approach. Methods: From July, 2007 to June, 2013, 25 patients with lumbo-sacral spinal tuberculosis underwent one-stage posterior debridement, internal if xation, and interbody fusion using multiple special formed titanium meshes. We compared the parameters as follow: the pre- and post-operative American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) score, lumbo-sacral angle, the height of intervertebral space, visual analogue scale (VAS), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and observedoperation time, intraoperative blood loss, and time of bone gratf fusion. Results: Operation time ranged from 90 to 180 min, (128±24) min in average. Blood loss in the operation ranged from 100 to 800 mL, (310±125) mL in average. hTe patients were followed up for 24 to 59 months, (43±7) months in average. One patient delayed healing of wound. ASIA score was improved in a certain degree in patients with neurological dysfunctions. hTe lumbo-sacral angle and the height of intervertebral space in the post-operation were signiifcantly higher than those in the pre-operation (P<0.001). VAS was reduced obviously atfer 2 weeks of operation. hTe ESR recovered to the normal level 6 months atfer operation in all the patients. Solid fusion was achieved within 4 to 8 months, 6 months in average. No sinus tract, cerebrospinal meningitis, tuberculosis recurrence and titanium mesh subsidence were found. Conclusion: For lumbo-sacral tuberculosis, multiple special formed titanium mesh cages via posterior approach is safe and effective, which is good to the stability in spine reconstruction.

BACKGROUND:Transforaminal endoscopic discectomy needs to dissociate the ligamentum flavum, and if
combined with the continuous dilator and working channel, it can keep the intact ligamentum flavum no matter how smal the incision may be (even 3-5 mm).
OBJECTIVE:To present the technique of interlaminar endoscopic lumbar discectomy with ligamentum flavum splitting.
METHODS:We performed operations on 16 male and 14 female patients by interlaminar endoscopic lumbar
discectomy with ligamentum flavum splitting. The average age of the patients in the study was (48±15) years. The chief complaint before surgery was radiculopathy confined to one leg. The anatomic operative level was L 3-4 in
one case, L 4-5 in 13 cases and L 5-S 1 in 16 cases. The ruptured disc migrated superiorly in four cases and
inferiorly in seven cases, and intraoperative electromyo-graphic monitoring was performed in al surgeries. The
ligamentum flavum was split, and after withdrawing the working channel, the ligamentum flavum could reset itself. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The total operation time was 20-40 minutes, and the fol ow-up period was
(149±108) days. There were no abnormal signals on the intraoperative electromyography in any cases, and the reported symptoms were immediately improved in al patients after the operation. Fol ow-up magneticresonance imaging showed a disappearance of the ruptured disc without defect in the ligamentum flavum. There were no operation-associated complications in al the patients. Interlaminar endoscopic lumbar discectomy with
ligamentum flavum splitting is a feasible approach.