Objective To evaluate the expressions of TBX2 and MDM2 protein in urothelial carcinoma of bladder.Methods The expressions of TBX2 and MDM2 protein were examined by immunohistochemistry EnvisionTM Plus method in 90 cases of urothelial carcinoma of bladder and 20 cases of normal bladder mucosa tissue.Results The positive rate of TBX2 and MDM2 protein was 0 in normal bladder mucosa tissues.The positive rate of TBX2 in urothelial carcinoma of bladder was 65.6％ (59/90).With the increased of TBX2 expression degree,the carcinoma tissue was worse cell differentiation,later clinical stage,more prone to recurrence (P ＜ 0.01).The positive rate of MDM2 in urothelial carcinoma of bladder was 31.1％(28/90).With the decreased of carcinoma tissue differentiation degree,the positive rate of MDM2 was increased (P ＜ 0.01).The positive rate of MDM2 in recurrence patients was 57.5％ (23/40),in non-recurrence patients was 10.0％ (5/50),there was statistical difference (P ＜ 0.01).The positive rate of MDM2 in pTNM stage Ta-T1 was 0,in pTNM stage T2-T3 was 73.7％ (28/38),there was statistical difference (P ＜0.01).There was positive correlation between the expression of TBX2 and MDM2 in carcinoma tissue (r =0.487,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The over expression of TBX2 and MDM2 protein may closely associated with aggressive biological behavior and recurrence in urothelial carcinoma of bladder.Combined analysis of TBX2 and MDM2 may provide a theoretical basis for prognostic information and treatment of patients with urothelial carcinoma of bladder.

OBJECTIVETo observe the therapeutic effect of rhubarb and Sanchi Powder (RSP) in treating patients with hemorrhagic fever in nephrotic syndrome (NS) complicated with digestive tract bleeding.

METHODSSixty patients clinically diagnosed as hemorrhagic fever in NS complicated with digestive tract bleeding were randomized into 2 groups. Fine ground rhubarb (3g) and SP (2g) were given orally to the patients in the treated group 3 - 4 times daily. Dicynonum (2g) was given by intravenously dripping to the patients in the control group.

RESULTSIn the treated group, 17 patients were cured, 5 markedly effective and 6 effective, with the markedly effective rate of 70.97% and the total effective rate of 90.32%. The corresponding number in the control group was 10, 3, 6, 44.83% and 65.52%, respectively, significant difference was shown in comparison between the two groups (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The average hemostatic time was (2.32 +/- 0.82) h, the platelet count was (8.84 +/- 1.13) x 10(9) /L, and the platelet aggregation rate was obviously improved in the treated group, which were significantly different to those in the control group [(4.15 +/- 0.69) h, (6.22 +/- 0.89) x 10(9)/L, respectively, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONRSP has the action of promoting vasoconstriction, shortening the bleeding time and blood arresting, it can increase the platelet count and improve the platelet aggregation.

Adult ; Aged ; Araliaceae ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome ; complications ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Rheum

OBJECTIVETo study the state of oxidative stress in patients with acute coxsackie virus myocarditis (ACM), and to investigate the pathological chain reactions of a series of free radicals and oxidative and lipoperoxidative damages in their bodies.

METHODSEighty ACM patients and 80 healthy adult volunteers (HAV) were enrolled in a case-control study, in which concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) in plasma, lipoperoxides (LPO) in plasma and LPO in erythrocytes (RBC), vitamin C (VC), vitamin E (VE) and beta-carotene (beta-CAR) in plasma as well as activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in RBC were determined by using spectrophotometric assays.

RESULTSCompared with the average values (AV) of the above biochemical parameters (BP) in the HAV group, the AV of NO in plasma, and LPO in plasma and RBC in the ACM group were significantly increased (P = 0.0001), while the AV of VC, VE, beta-CAR, SOD, CAT and GSH-Px in the ACM group were significantly decreased (P = 0.0001). The values of the above BP were used to estimate the relative risk ratio (RR) between the ACM group and the HAV group; the RR and its 95% confidence interval were 12.467 (5.745-27.051), 4.333 (2.126-8.834), 6.517 (3.225-13.618), 3.310 (1.598-6.858), 31.000 (12.611-76.201), 4.663 (2.228-9.759), 11.769 (5.440-25.462), 3.043 (1.486-6.229) and 6.594 (3.045-14.281) respectively, and their P levels ranged from 0.002 to 0.0001. The results were as follows: D = 22.143 - 0.017SOD + 0.008NO + 0.244LPO in RBC, Eigenvalue = 13.659, Canonical correlation = 0.965, Wilks' lambda = 0.068, chi 2 = 420.212, P = 0.0001. The correct rate of discrimination to the ACM group and to the HAV group was 87.5% and 95.0%, respectively, and 91.3% of originally grouped cases was correctly classified.

CONCLUSIONThe findings in this study suggested that the oxidative stress in bodies of ACM patients was severely aggravated, and marked high oxidative constituents and low antioxidants and antioxidases in the human body might increase the relative risk of inducing acute coxsackie virus myocarditis, and measuring the values of NO in plasma, SOD and LPO in RBC might increase the correct rates of discriminatory analysis of the ACM.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Antioxidants ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Case-Control Studies ; Coxsackievirus Infections ; physiopathology ; Female ; Free Radicals ; Humans ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocarditis ; pathology ; virology ; Oxidative Stress

OBJECTIVETo study the significance of P504s in differential diagnosis between solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas (SPTP) and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNET).

METHODSForty-three patients with SPTP and 41 patients with PanNET encountered during the period from 2007 to 2014 were recruited. Immunohistochemical study for vimentin, CD10, chromogranin A, synaptophysin, beta-catenin, CD99 and P504s in SPTP and PanNET was performed. The diagnostic value of P504s in differentiating SPTP from PanNET was analyzed.

RESULTSImmunohistochemical study showed that vimentin, CD10, chromogranin A, synaptophysin and CD99 were expressed both in SPTP and PanNET. All cases of SPTP showed granular cytoplasmic expression of P504s, whereas those of PanNET were negative.

CONCLUSIONP504s is a sensitive and useful marker for SPTP and can be used in the distinction between SPTP and PanNET.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the prognostic impact of tumor size, ultrasonography, central neck lymph node involvement, and age of patients in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC).

METHODSTwo hundred and fifty-four patients who underwent total thyroidectomy and central neck dissection for PTMC between 2012 and 2014 were included in this retrospective study. Statistical correlation between tumor size and various clinicopathological parameters was assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses. The ultrasound findings were also evaluated.

RESULTSA total of 254 patients (199 females and 55 males) were included in this study. PTMC showed a predilection for female patients, 41-50 years of age (43.3% of all cases, 110/254), and ultrasound showed hypoechoic nodules. Statistically significant correlation was demonstrated between central neck lymph node involvement and the following factors: age and tumor size. A tumor diameter greater than 0.5 mm (67.3% of all cases) most commonly occurred in patients older than 41 years, and was associated with a higher risk of metastatic central neck lymph node involvement (P<0.05). Hashimoto's thyroiditis was noted in the background in 39.4%(100/254) of cases.

CONCLUSIONSTumor size appears to have a prognostic impact in PTMC, and larger size is more likely to be associated with a higher risk of central neck lymph node involvement. It is controversial whether the etiology of papillary thyroid carcinoma is related to Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

Adult ; Age Factors ; Analysis of Variance ; Carcinoma ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Hashimoto Disease ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; Neck Dissection ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Thyroidectomy ; Tumor Burden ; Ultrasonography

Marker-free plants have been public concern. Co-transformation and site-specific recombination system are more important methods in self-gene excision. We reviewed the Cre/lox site-specific system and its applications in plants, also, we discussed perspectives of the system in according with our experience.
DNA, Plant ; genetics ; Genes, Plant ; genetics ; Genetic Markers ; Integrases ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; genetics ; Recombination, Genetic

OBJECTIVETo establish genetic transformation system of active fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) in Carthamus tinctorius.

METHODThe culture condition was optimized by orthogonal experiment design with cotyledon of C. tinctorius as the explant. The aFGF was transferred into safflower through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and screened under different concentrations of antibiotics, and then PCR was identified.

RESULTIt confirmed the optimal differentiation medium: MS + BA 1.0 mg x L(-1) + NAA 0.2 mg x L(-1), the optimal root medium: 1/4 MS + NAA 2.0 mg x L(-1) + IAA0.5 mg x L(-1). The bacteriostatic effect of the three antibiotics showed slight difference. From them Tim was selected with the concentration of 400 mg x L(-1). It showed the bacteriostatic effect and promoted also differentiation. The selective concentration of hyg was confirmed to be 6 mg x L(-1). The eight transformed plants were identified, the positive rate was 25%.

CONCLUSIONIt was determined the best hormones and the ratios for the differentiation and rooting of the safflower by organogenesis. It was identified the optimal concentration of inhibitory antibiotics and selection antibiotics. The aFGF gene was cloned in a part of plant by PCR analysis. It is shown that the aFGF gene has been integrated into safflower genome.

Carthamus tinctorius ; genetics ; metabolism ; Fibroblast Growth Factors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Engineering ; methods ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transformation, Genetic

Avian influenza virus is a new recombinant virus , which can cause severe respiratory symptoms ,such as short course,acute disease,and a high mortality rate.The purpose of this paper was to summarize the current status of this virus in terms of its epidemiology ,genetic evolution and virulence .By introducing the advancement in the research of this subtype virus, we hope to provide data and evidence ,for effective surveillance and prevention of this virus .

Objective To describe a novel pubovesical complex preserving technique for laparoscopic radical prostatectomy and to evaluate its postoperative outcomes.Methods From January 2011 to May 2017,168 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical prostatectomy were enrolled and analyzed retrospectively.Their mean age were 62.8 (46-74) years,preoperative PSA 11.3ng/ml,Gleason score 6.7,preoperative prostate volume 46.5 ml.They all got preoperative potency (IIEF-5 score ≥ 15 score).TNM clinical stage:cT1 123 cases,45 cases cT2.There were 59 patients with pubovesical complex preserving technique for laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (group A):without pelvic fascia cut and deep vein complex suture.The preservation of the periprostatic anatomy was kept by preserving the pubovesical complex,including detrusor apron with pubovesical ligaments,DVC and NVB.There were 46 patients with conventional intrafascial laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (group B) and 63 patients with interfascial laparoscopic radical prostatectomy(group C).No differences were found between the three groups in terms of preoperative age,clinical staging,prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values,Gleason score at biopsy and preoperative good potency (IIEF-5 score)(P ＞0.05).Continence was defined as zero to one security pad per day.The three groups were compared for perioperative variables,PSM (positive surgical margin,PSM)rate,postoperative urinary continence functional and potency (IIEF-5 score).Biochemical recurrence-free survival was by Kaplan-Meier and log-rank.Results No differences were found in the three groups in terms of operative times,blood loss,catheterization time and postoperative stay and histologic status (PSM was similar to that of the groups (8.5％ in group A,13.0％ in group B vs.11.1％ in group C).Urinary incontinence:group A,the continence rate was 71％,82％,92％ and 100％ at 1,3 and 6 months after catheter removal,respectively;group B,the continence rate was 63％,80％,89％ and 96％ respectively;group C,it was 24％,54％,79％ and 86％ respectively.The group A showed a significantly earlier recovery from incontinence compared with that in the group C at immediately after catheter removal and 1 month after catheter remove (x2 =27.47,P ＜ 0.001;x2 =15.20,P ＜ 0.01).The group B showed a significantly earlier recovery from incontinence compared with that in the group C at immediately after catheter removal and 1 month,(x2 =17.00,P ＜ 0.01;x2 =8.20,P ＜ 0.05).No differences were found between the A and B groups at immediately after catheter removal and 1 month,(P ＞ 0.05).Regarding sexual function,at the postoperative 1,3,6 months,median IIEF-score was 10,11,16 in the group A,respectively,8,9,13 in the group B respectively,and 7,8,12 in the group C respectively.No differences were found in the three groups in potency (IIEF-5 score).Baseline IIEF-score was reached by 53％,35％ and 21％ at postoperative 6 months.There were significant differences between the A and the C groups.(x2 =13.45,P ＜0.01).There were no significant differences between the A and the B groups.(x2 =3.30,P ＞ 0.05).Follow-up was 31.6 (6-69) months.Biochemical recurrence-free survival at 3 years was 79.3％,76.3％ and 76.4％ by A,B and C group,respectively.Conclusions The pubovesical complex preserving technique for laparoscopic radical prostatectomy provides early recovery from incontinence,faster recovery of sexual function preoperative levels.

Objective To study the significance of P504s in differential diagnosis between solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas(SPTP) and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(PanNET).Methods Forty-three patients with SPTP and 41 patients with PanNET encountered during the period from 2007 to 2014 were recruited.Immunohistochemical study for vimentin, CD10, chromogranin A, synaptophysin, beta-catenin, CD99 and P504s in SPTP and PanNET was performed.The diagnostic value of P504s in differentiating SPTP from PanNET was analyzed. Results Immunohistochemical study showed that vimentin, CD10, chromogranin A, synaptophysin and CD99 were expressed both in SPTP and PanNET.All cases of SPTP showed granular cytoplasmic expression of P504s, whereas those of PanNET were negative. Conclusion P504s is a sensitive and useful marker for SPTP and can be used in the distinction between SPTP and PanNET.