Objective To explore the oxidative damage and genotoxicity of organic chemical pollutants from running water and the source water in Baotou reach of the Yellow River to mice. Methods The Kunming mice were treated with the organic extract solutions of the Yellow River water and running water by gavage at different concentration,once a day and the activity of the superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver and kidney and the rate of micronucleus were determined. Results SOD and GSH-Px activity in the liver and kidney in the groups treated with the water of three sections of Yellow River in Baotou City decreased as the exposure dose increased. Except the low concentration group of running water,the MDA content in the liver and kidney and the micronucleus rate increased significantly compared with the control (P

Objective To investigate the relationship of Maternal-fetal interface local cytokine GM-CSF and its receptor with the occurrence of early spontaneous abortion. Methods From August 2009 to December 2011,we collected 30 villi tissue samples with artificial abortion and 30 villi tissue samples with spontaneous abortion. At the same time, we collected 30 villi tissue samples with artificial abortion and 30 decidua tissue samples with spontaneous abortion,and 30 decidua tissue samples with spontaneous abortion. The human chorionic gonadotropin ( HCG) was detected by radioimmunoassay in every group. The expressions of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor (GM-CSFR ) were detected by Immunohistochemical staining and Western Blot in the villi tissue and decidua tissue in every group. Results The concentration of HCG in the spontaneous abortion group was lower than that in the artificial abortion group ( <0.05) . The protein expressions of GM-CSF and GM-CSFR were found in villus and deciduas tissues in both groups. The protein expression levels of GM-CSFR in the villus tissues were higher in spontaneous abortion group than those in artificial abortion group ( <0.05), the protein expression of GM-CSF was upregulated, but there was no statistically significant difference between two groups. In deciduas tissues, the protein expressions of GM-CSF and GM-CSFR were upregualted in spontaneous abortion group ( <0.05) . Conclusions The suitable concentrations of GM-CSF and GM-CSFR in decidua tissue maintain the pregnancy continued. However,the higher concentrations of GM-CSF and GM-CSFR in the decidua tissue may be one of reasons of spontaneous abortion.

This study aimed at the molecular mechanism of Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide-A(CPS-A) on angiotensin (Ang Ⅱ)-induced injury of L02 cells.The effect of AngⅡ and CPS-A on the proliferation of L02 cells was analyzed by MTT assay.PCR,Real-Time PCR and Western blot were also employed to determine the expression of IL-1β,AT1R,AT2R,NF-κB p65,TNFα and other inflammatory factors at mRNA and protein levels.The results showed that Ang Ⅱ and CPS-A could inhibit the proliferation of L02 cells by 1 × 10-5 mol/L and 200 μg/ mL,respectively.PCR,Real-Time PCR and Western blot showed that CPS-A could significantly down-regulate IL-1 β,TNF-α,NF-κB and AT1R.CPS-A has a good protective effect on AngⅡ-induced L02 cell injury.

OBJECTIVETo establish the fingerprint chromatograms of the extract of Cimicifugae Rhizoma firstly.

METHODPhenolic acids and triterpenoid saponins were analyzed by HPLC. Hypersil BDS C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) column was used, the mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile -0.1% H3PO4 with gradient elution, flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1), column temprature was 30 degrees C, and the detection wavelength was set at 316 nm and 210 nm.

RESULTIn the fingerprint of phenolic acids, thirteen feature peaks were found and the RSD of relative retention time and relative peak area were all less than 3% in the precision and repeation experiments. The similarity of ten batches of samples were all more than 0.90. In the fingerprint of triterpenoid saponins, fourteen feature peaks were found and the RSD of relative retention time and relative peak area were all less than 4% in the precision and repeation experiments. The similarity of ten batches of samples were all more than 0.90.

CONCLUSIONThis method is comprehensive, stable, reliable and can be used to evaluate the quality of the extract of Cimicifugae Rhizoma. It has provided a reference to the analysis on pharmacodynamic deferences of Cimicifuga extracts and also laid the foundation for its further development.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Cimicifuga ; chemistry ; Hydroxybenzoates ; analysis ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; Saponins ; analysis ; Triterpenes ; analysis

Metabolic characteristics of 39 human brain tumor tissues, including 15 astrocytomas, 13 fibroblastic meningiomas and 11 transitional meningiomas from 39 individual patients, have been studied using high resolution magic-angle spinning (HRMAS) 1H NMR spectroscopy in conjunction with principal component analysis (PCA). With rich metabolite information, 1H NMR spectra showed that the tumor-tissuc metabonome was dominated by lipids, lactate, myo-inositol, ereatine, choline metabolites such as choline, phosphocholine and glycerophosphocholine, amino acids such as alanine, glutamate, glutamine, taurine, N-acetyl-aspartate and glutathione. PCA of the tumor NMR spectra clearly showed metabonomic differences between low-grade astrocytomas and meningiomas whereas such differences were more moderate between fibroblastic and transitional meningiomas. Compared with meningiomas, the low-grade astrocytomas had higher levels of glycerophosphocholine, phosphocholine, myo-inositol and creatine but lower levels of alanine, glutamate, glutamine, glutathione and taurine. The N-acetyl-aspartate level was low but detectable in low-grade astrocytomas whereas it was not detectable in meningiomas. It is concluded that tissue metabonomics technology consisting of HRMAS 1H NMR spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis (MVDA) offers a useful tool (1) for distinguishing different types of brain tumors, (2) for providing the metabolic information for human brain tumors, which are potentially useful for understanding biochemistry of tumor progression.

Objective To investigate the mechanisms of miRNA-15a and miRNA-16 in the process of reversing cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer.Methods Human ovarian cancer cisplatin-resistant cell lines CoC1/DDP were transfected with miRNA-15a and miRNA-16 mimics and treated with cisplatin.qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression levels of miRNA-15a and miRNA-16 in normal CoC1/DDP cell group,cisplatin treated group,negative control group,miRNA-15a transfected group,miRNA-16 transfected group and overexpressed Bmi-1 plasmid.Western blot was used to detect the expression level of Bmi-1 in each group,CCK-8 and Annexin V/PI were used to detect cell survival and apoptosis,and γ-H2AX immunofluorescence was used to detect cell apoptosis.Results The CoC1/DDP ovarian cancer cell line shows low expression of miRNA-15a and miRNA-16,and high expression of Bmi-1 protein,which makes it resistant to cisplatin.When the levels of miRNA-15a and miRNA-16 are overexpressed,the Bmi-1 protein decreases(P<0.05),leading to a decrease in cell survival rate(P<0.05),a significant increase in DNA apoptosis(P<0.05),and more severe DNA damage(P<0.05).Overexpression of Bmi-1 plasmid can increase cell viability(P<0.05)and reduce the rate of cell apoptosis(P<0.05).Conclusion The Bmi-1 protein may be a target for the regulation of miRNA-15a and miRNA-16,and overexpression of miRNA-15a and miRNA-16 can increase the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin by reducing the Bmi-1 protein.This provides a new idea for predicting molecular markers of cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer and overcoming drug resistance targets in ovarian cancer.

Objective: To analyze vaccination situation of oral live attenuated rotavirus vaccine (LLR strain) among children from six provinces in China. Methods: In 2014, we selected 12 counties in Guangdong, Jiangsu, Chongqing, Jiangxi, Heilongjiang and Gansu provinces by using stratified cluster random sampling method and extract information of children born from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2012 from Children's Immunization Information System. We investigated ten children of each birth cohort in each county by checking the vaccination certification, and a total of 606 children were investigated. A survey was conducted to check the information of the children's vaccination certification with the data of Children's Immunization Information System by questionnaire including the basic information (province, county, name, gender, birth date, etc) and the rotavirus vaccination (vaccination date, dose, etc) to analyze the rotavirus vaccination situation. Results: 340 of 606 children were male. There were 121, 124, 122, 119 and 120 children born in 2008-2012, respectively. The proportions of the first and the second dose of rotavirus vaccination were 32.8% (199) and 9.7% (59). The proportion of the third dose of rotavirus vaccination among children born between 2008 and 2010 was 3.5% (13) since children born in 2011 and 2012 did not reach the age of third dose vaccination. The proportion of the first dose of rotavirus vaccination in high, middle and low per capita disposable income areas was 45.0% (91), 37.7% (77) and 15.5% (31) respectively (χ²= 43.15, P<0.001). Among 199 children vaccinated with the first dose of vaccine, the vaccination age mainly concentrated in 2 to 21 months, of which the peak was 5 to 13 months (66.8%, 133). The intervals between 2 doses of vaccination were mainly from 12 to 13 months (42.4%, 25) among the 59 children who received at least 2 doses of vaccine. In the 13 children vaccinated with 3 doses, the intervals between the second and the third dose were 12 months (5). Of the 271 doses of rotavirus vaccine vaccinated during 2008-2014, 34.7% (94 doses) were vaccinated in June-August, 88 were vaccinated simultaneously with 18 other vaccines, accounting for 32.5% of the total. Of the 18 other vaccines, inactivated vaccines such as diphtheria vaccine (30 doses), Hib vaccine (14 doses), group A meningitis vaccine (10 doses) were predominant. Conclusion The proportion of rotavirus vaccination was low and the vaccination age was relatively late. The vaccination mode was different from the recommendation of WHO. It is recommended that routine immunization of rotavirus vaccines should be carried out in early-months of children.

It is an urgent demand worldwide to control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. The 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CL^pro) and papain-like protease (PL^pro) are key targets to discover SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors. After screening 12 Chinese herbal medicines and 125 compounds from licorice, we found that a popular natural product schaftoside inhibited 3CL^pro and PL^pro with IC₅₀ values of 1.73 ± 0.22 and 3.91 ± 0.19 μmol/L, respectively, and inhibited SARS-CoV-2 virus in Vero E6 cells with EC₅₀ of 11.83 ± 3.23 μmol/L. Hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry analysis, quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations, together with site-directed mutagenesis indicated the antiviral activities of schaftoside were related with non-covalent interactions with H41, G143 and R188 of 3CL^pro, and K157, E167 and A246 of PL^pro. Moreover, proteomics analysis and cytokine assay revealed that schaftoside also regulated immune response and inflammation of the host cells. The anti-inflammatory activities of schaftoside were confirmed on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury mice. Schaftoside showed good safety and pharmacokinetic property, and could be a promising drug candidate for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.