Objective To study the preventive effect of spironolactone on renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis of diabetic nephropathy (DN)in rats.Methods Sixty adult SD rats were random divided into sham operation group(C),diabetic nephropathy group(D)and spironolactone interventional group(A).After diabetes WaS induced by administrating strep tozotocin(STZ),spironolactone was perfused into the stomach of rats in group A.On the 7th,14th,21st,28th days after treatment,rats were put to death,their kidneys were removed to observe the expressions of TGF-β1 and MMP-9 by immunohistochemistry method.The blood potassium,natrium,glucose, serum creatinine,cholesterol,triglyceride and urinary albumin quantification were measured.Results Urine protein in group A wag lower than that in group D.The blood potassium,natrium,glucose,serum creatinine,cholesterol and triglyceride had no difference between group A and group D(P＞0.05).Compared with group D,the expressions of TGF-β1 in group A Was decreased(P＜0.01),the expressions of MMP-9 in group A was hisher than that in group D(P＜0.01).Conclusion Spironolactone could decrease the expression of TGF-β1 and increase the expression of MMP-9 in the tubulointerstitial of diabetic nephropathy,which may delay the progress of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of ligustrazine on renal tubulointerstitial injury in adriamycin nephrosis rats and its mechanism.MethodsForty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group,model group,ligustrazine group and Benazepril group.The rat nephropathy model was established by adriamycin injection and unilateral nephrectomy.The 24-hour urinary protein excretion at the start,2nd,4th,6th weekends was analyzed.All rats were sacrificed at the 6th weekend,and then the renal function and the tubulointerstitial pathological injury were examined.Immunohistochemistry was used to measure the expression of ET-1.ResultsThe 24-hour urinary protein excretion [ (30.07 ±2.12) mg/24 h,(201.83 ± 8.63 ) mg/24 h,( 470.70 ± 58.79 ) mg/24 h ] ( at the 2th,4th,6th weekend),blood urea nitrogen[ BUN( 20.20 ± 2.65 ) mmol/L],serum creatinine[ Scr ( 86.79 ± 2.20 ) μmol/L),tubulointerstitial pathological injury (4.38 ± 0.26) and the expression of ET-1 ( 126.92 ± 3.63 )in model group were significantly higher than those in sham-operation group [ ( 6.75 ± 2.07 ) mg/24 h,( 8.28 ± 0.71 ) mg/24h,( 25.37 ± 4.30) mg/24 h,( 8.93 ± 1.05 ) mmol/L,(49.00 ± 5.34 ) μmol/L,1.06 ± 0.19,32.09 ± 3.71,P ＜ 0.01 ].Compared with model group,the 24-hour urinary protein excretion [ ( 176.93 ± 9.20)mg/24 h,( 270.45 ± 60.21 ) mg/24 h) ( at the 4th,6th weekend),BUN [ ( 13.75 ± 2.60 ) mmol/L ],Scr [ ( 62.49 ±3.29)μmol/ L ],Renal tubulointerstitial pathological injury (2.78 ± 0.10) and the expression of ET-1(57.44 ± 4.98 ) were significantly decreased in ligustrazine group( P ＜ 0.01 ).ConclusionsLigustrazine can downregulate the expression of ET-1 and decreased urinary protein excretion,leading to reduce tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis.

Objective:To analyze the medication of one patient with ulcerative colitis to provide pharmaceutical care and support for rational drug use in patients with ulcerative colitis. Methods:During the treatment of the patient with severe ulcerative colitis, clin-ical pharmacists analyzed the drugs used by the patient and provided pharmaceutical care for doctors and the patient according to the ex-amination and diagnosis of the patient. Results:The compliance, therapeutic effect and medication safety of the patient were all im-proved by giving clinical drug rationalization suggestions and targeted medication monitoring and education, which fully embodied the necessity of work of clinical pharmacists in the medication of patients. Conclusion:Through case analysis, clinical thinking of clinical pharmacists can be developed to promote rational drug use, avoid adverse drug reactions and achieve optimal effect of drug treatment.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the polymorphism of adiponectin -11 ,377C> G gene and the risk of coronary heart disease(CHD). Methods A total of 126 CHD patients and 130 healthy controls were enrolled and the frequency of each genotypes and allele gene of adiponectin -11 ,377C > G were detected by polymerase chain reaction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results (1) The adiponectin gene -11,377C > G sites existed gene polymorphism and the three genotypes were GG, CG and CC. (2) There was statistical difference between CHD group and control group; The G allele frequency of CHD group was significantly higher than that in control group (P < 0.05); The frequency of the C allele gene in CHD group was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). (3) There was no statistical difference of frequency distribution of each genotype and allele gene of adiponectin -11,377C > G between acute coronary syndrome (ACS) group and stable angina group . ( 4 ) The risk of CHD were increased in CHD patients with G allele gene of adiponectin-11,377C > G (P < 0.05). Conclusions The polymorphism of adiponectin -11,377C > G is associated with the increased risk of CHD. The increased G allele gene frequency may represent the increased risk of CHD.

Objectives:To study the preparation techniques of gelatin microspheres encapsulated with sodium fluoride and evaluate the anticaries functions in dental plaque model in vitro. Methods:Fluoride gelatin microspheres were prepared by emulsion polymerisation method. The encapsulation rate and drug contents were tested by ISE. In vitro inhibition of demineralization were also examined. Results:The mean size of fluoride GMS was (16.81?8.77)?m.The encapsulation rate was 76.73%.The drug content was 5.61%.The release profile in vitro showed sustained effects. Fluoride GMS can prevent demineralization more efficiently. Conclusions:Fluoride gelatin microspheres may be an promising topical fluoride release system.

Objective To evaluate the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and its influencing factors in pa tients with cervical cancer.Methods 120 inpatients with cervical cancer at Yunnan Tumor Hospital were investigated by functional assessment of cancer therapy-cervix (FACT-Cx),t-test,analysis of variance and multiple linear regression were used to analyze factors influencing the HRQOL.Results The total HRQOL score of patients was (104.88 ± 19.51),and the domain scores of physical well-being (PWB),social/family well-being (SWB),emotional well-being (EWB),functional well-being (FWB),cervical cancer subscale (CxS) were (20.41 ± 5.46),(17.17 ± 6.10),(15.73 ± 5.06),(13.34 ±5.83),(38.23 ±6.26),respectively.Based on multiple linear regression,the influencing factors of PWB were marital status and clinical stages,the influencing factor of SWB was marital status,the influencing factors of EWB were education levels and clinical stages,the influencing factors of FWB,CxS and total score were all marital status,clinical stages and education levels.Conclusions The HRQOL scores were influenced by a number of factors and it is significant to improve HRQOL in patients with cervical cancer by relieving symptoms and reducing treatment side effects according to patients' specialty,also psychological support and encouragement was essential.

Objective: To investigate the role of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase in the development of uterine cervical squamous carcinoma. Methods: From January 2008 to December 2008, 116 uterine cervical carcinoma specimens and 18 metastatic lymph node specimens from patients with CIN Ⅰ-Ⅲ and uterine cervical squamous carcinoma were evaluated for iDO expression by immunohistochemistry. Twenty normal cervical specimens and 20 normal lymph node specimens were used as the controls. Results: The expression of IDO was not found in normal cervix and CIN Ⅰ. In CIN Ⅱ, IDO expres-sion was weakly positive in 2 cases (2/10, 20%) and negative in 8 cases (8/10, 80%). In CIN Ⅲ, IDO expression was weak-ly positive in 8 cases (8/13, 61.5%), positive in 1 case (1/13, 7.7%) and negative in 4 cases (4/13, 30.8%). The positive ex-pression rate of IDO in cervical cancer stage Ⅰ -Ⅳ was 100% (83/83). In cervical cancer stage Ⅰ A and Ⅰ B, the positive ex-pression rate of IDO was significantly higher than that in CIN Ⅱ and CIN Ⅲ (P<0.01). The positive expression rate of IDO in cervical cancer stage Ⅱ A-Ⅳ B was significantly higher than that in Ⅰ A and Ⅰ B. IDO expression was associated with cervi-cal cancer progression (OR=0.807, P<0.01). IDO expression in primary lesions with lymph node metastasis was significant-ly higher than that in those without lymph node metastasis. IDO expression rate was 100% in metastatic lymph nodes. The IDO expression was not associated with cervical squamous carcinoma differentiation degree (OR=-0.139,P>0.05). Conclu-sion: In CIN Ⅱ, escape mechanisms that stimulate cervical squamous carcinoma progression is gradually developed. IDO expression in metastatic lymph nodes is possibly associated with immune tolerance. IDO expression is not associated with differentiation degree of cervical squamous carcinoma. IDO may be a prognostic factor for uterine cervical squamous carci-noma and a therapeutic target for treatment.

AIM: To prepare and identify mouse polyclonal antibody against protein Hlb, which is the variant of major subunit of human ASGPR. METHODS: Hlb specific peptide was synthesized and coupled with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) for immunization. Then H1b-KLH conjugation was injected into mouse subcutaneously to produce polyclonal antibody. ELISA assay was used to detect the titer of the antibody. Antibody was also identified by Western blot and immunohistochemistry assays. RESULTS: Mouse antibody against Hlb was prepared after injection of H1bKLH conjugation. The titer of H1b antibody was about 1:10~5.Western blot confirmed its high specificity. This antibody could also be used for immunohistochemistry analysis. CONCLUSION: The successful preparation of the polyclonal antibody against protein H1b, which can discriminate the two variants of the major subunit of ASGPR with high specificity, will provide an efficient reagent for further study of the physiologic functions of H1b and its role in the pathogenesis of human disease.

Objective To evaluate the appilcation value of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (IOTEE) in aortic valve replacement with bovine pericardium.Methods Totally 106 patients were ready to underwent the surgery of aortic valve replacement.The parameters of the aortic valves (diameter of aortic annular,aortic sinus and aortic sinus tube,effective height [eH]) were measured before cardiopulmonary by using IOTEE and during intraoperation.Results Eight cases were removed from the study due to supplemental preoperative diagnosis and modification of operative method,the rest of the 98 cases were enrolled.The coincidence rate of initial diagnosis hy using IOTEE and intraoperative diagnosis was 100 ％;5 cases (5/98,5.10 ％) of secondary diagnosis were inconsistent with intraoperative diagnosis.The coincidence rate of the number of aortic valves with preoperative IOTEE diagnosis and intraoperative diagnosis was 100 ％,the aortic valves perforation fistulas was 80.00％,the aortic valves vegetation was 85.71％,the senile calcified valvular disease was 100％,and the rheumatic disease was 100％.Diameter of aortic annular,aortic sinus and aortic sinus tube,eH measured by preoperative IOTEE had good correlation with intraoperative measurement (all r＞0.8,all P＜0.05).Conclusion IOTEE has feasibility and guiding value in aortic valve replacement with bovine pericardium,and is also of great significance to evaluate the prognosis of surgery.

Objective To systematically assess the relation between angiotensin-I converting enzyme(ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) variation and type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN) onset risk among Chinese population.Methods The related literatures were retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang Data until June 1st,2016.The RevMan 5.0 was used to conduct the statistical analysis.The merge OR value and corresponding 95% confidence interval(95%CI) were used to assess ACE gene I/D polymorphism and T2DN onset risk.Results Totally 29 papers with 4 357 subjects were included according to the inclusion and exclusion standard,including 2 208 cases of DN and 2 149 cases of T2DM without DN.Meta analysis showed that compared with ACE gene I/D polymorphism I allele,D allele could significantly increase the risk of T2DM patients suffering from DN,the OR value and corresponding 95%CI were 1.44(1.25,1.66);the gene analysis showed that ACE gene I/D polymorphism loci were significantly correlated with DN onset risk in the Asian population.The corresponding relative onset risk OR and 95%CI were 1.42(1.15,1.76) and 1.75(1.46,2.10) in the dominant and recessive genetic model.The Begg′s test showed that the included data had no obvious publication bias existence.Conclusion ACE gene I/D polymorphism is closely correlated with the onset risk of T2DN,and D allele might be a risk genetic factor for DN occurrence in the patients with T2DM.