Objective To study the therapeutic effects of Cordyceps polysaccharide (CP) on adenine-induced chronic renal failure(CRF)in rats. Methods CRF model was induced by Adenine ig .The rats were randomized into normal group, model group, CP high, moderate, Low-dosage groups and Dexamethasone group. The models of adenine-induced nephrosis were established by intragastric administration of adenine 300 mg/kg for 21 days. After treatment, renal function, biochemical indicators, kidney index, renal pathologic changes and serum TNF-? were observed. Results Compared with the model group, the degree injury of renal function in CP groups was palliated significant, renal pathologic changes were palliated significant, renal index and content of serum TNF-? were both decreased significant. Conclusion CP has a therapeutic and preventive effect on adenine-induced CRF, and can prevent the generation and development of CRF, improve renal function.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of baicalin,baicalein and wogonin in Hua-tan pingchuan tablet. METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column was Diamonsil C18 with mobile phase of methanol-0.1%phosphoric acid(gradient elution)at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,detection wavelength was 277 nm,column temperature was 30 ℃, and the injection volume was 10 μl. RESULTS:The linear range was 0.069 04-0.690 4 μg for baicalin(r=0.999 4),0.054 56-0.5456 μg for baicalein(r=0.999 6)and 0.030 36-0.303 6 μg for wogonin(r=0.999 1);RSDs of precision,stability and reproduc-ibility tests were lower than 2%;recoveries were 97.64%-99.06%(RSD=0.57%,n=6),98.31%-100.64%(RSD=0.85%,n=6) and 97.53%-99.48%(RSD=0.76%,n=6). CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,stable and reproducible,and can be used for the contents determination of baicalin,baicalein and wogonin in Huatan pingchuan tablet.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of Cyslosorus acuminatus flavonone glycoside (CAF) on kidney epitheli-al-mesenchymal transition(EMT)in rats with diabetic kidney disease(DKD). METHODS:Rats were randomly divided into nor-mal group(normal saline),model group(normal saline),positive group [rosiglitazone,0.4 mg/(kg·d)],CAF high-dose and low-dose groups [12.5,25 mg/(kg·d)],10 in each group. Except for normal group,other groups were intraperitoneally injected strepto-zotocin(60 mg/kg)+high fat diet to induce DKD,and intragastrically administrated related medicines in 13-16 weeks. After the ex-perimental period,fasting blood glucose level and serum creatinine(Scr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN)contents of rats were detect-ed,collagen deposition and basement membrane thickening in kidney tissue were observed. Immunohistochemistry was used to de-tect α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),fibronectin,epithelial cadherin(E-cadherin)expressions in kidney tissue,and Western blot was used to determine the glycogen synthase kinase 3β(GSK-3β),phosphorylated GSK-3β(p-GSK-3β),β-catenin expressions in kidney tissue. RESULTS:Compared with normal group,fasting blood glucose level,Scr and BUN contents in model group were significantly increased (P<0.01);kidney tissue showed obvious collagen deposition and basement membrane thickening;theα-SMA,fibronectin,β-catenin expression levels and GSK-3β phosphorylation degree in kidney tissue were significantly increased (P<0.01),while E-cadherin expression levels was significantly decreased(P<0.01). Compared with model group,fasting blood glucose level,Scr and BUN contents in each administration group were significantly reduced(P<0.05 or P<0.01);collagen depo-sition and basement membrane thickening in kidney tissue were significantly improved;the α-SMA,fibronectin,and β-catenin ex-pression levels and GSK-3β phosphorylation degree in kidney tissue were significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01),while E-cadherin expression levels in positive group and CAF high-dose group were significantly increased(P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:CAF can inhibit the kidney EMT of rats with DKD,the molecular mechanism may be associated with downregulating β-catenin ex-pression and inhibiting GSK-3βphosphorylation inactivation.

Objective To investigate the mortality and cause of death in inpatients with cerebral infarction. Methods The clinical data of 515 patients with cerebral infarction as the underlying cause of death from January 2005 to December 2009 were analyzed retrospectively. The hospital mortality, direct cause of death,and constituent ratio of the cause of death were calculated. The clinical features,such as classification of the Trial of Org 10 172 in acute stroke treatment( TOAST),age and duration of hospital-ization were analyzed. Results ( 1 )The hospital mortalities in patients with cerebral infarction from 2005 to 2009 were 2. 0%(91/4 659),2. 1%(110/5 264),1. 9%(95/5 035),1. 2%(100/8 656),and 1. 0%(119/11 640),respectively. The overall mortality rate was 1. 5%(515/35 254),basically had a declining trend year by year(χ2 =42. 39;P<0. 01).(2)The mortalities of the inpatients with cerebral infarction in the young( <45 years),middle-aged(45 to 59 years),elderly(60 to 74 years),and aged ( >74 years)groups were 1. 1%( 22/2 009 ),1. 0%( 112/11 158 ),1. 5%( 221/14 311 ),and 2. 1%(160/7 776),respectively. They increased with increasing age(P<0. 01).(3)The TOAST classification in 515 died patients were as follows:57. 3%(n=295)for large-artery atherosclerosis,19. 4%(n=100) for cardioembolism,14. 4%(n=74)for cryptogenic stroke,7. 0%(n=36)for small-artery occlusion and 1. 9%(n=10)for other reasons. The five leading direct cause of death were cerebral hernia 49. 3%(n=254),primary central respiratory and circulatory failure 25.0%(n=129),pneumonia 8. 9%(n =46), cerebral-cardiac syndrome 5. 8%( n =30 ),and multiple organ failure 5. 6%( n =29 ).( 4 ) The mean age of death was 67 ± 12 years old. The patients who died of cerebral hernia and primary central respiratory and circulatory failure were younger than those who died of pneumonia(65 ± 13,68 ± 11,and 75 ± 10,respectively;all P<0. 01). The median length of hospital stay was 3 days. The length of hospital stay in patients who died of hernia,primary central respiratory and circulatory failure,and cerebral-cardiac syndrome were significantly shorter than those who died of pneumonia and multiple organ failure( the median length of hospital stay was 3. 0,3. 0,3. 0,12. 5,and 9. 0 days,respectively;all P <0. 05). Conclusions The mortality of hospitalized patients with cerebral infarction have a declining trend year by year. Brain disease itself is the most important reason of early death for patients with cerebral infarction, indicating that it is the important point of prevention and treatment in clinical work.

Objective To observe the effects of nebulized nitric oxide donors on pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics during pulmonary hypertension induced by hypoxia (FiO_2=0.1,for 1 hour)in newborn piglets. Methods Twenty-four anesthetized and mechanically ventilated piglets were randomly divided into four groups:(1)group S (n=6),control group;(2)group C (n=6),receiving saline after hypoxia;(3)group NTG,receiving nebulized nitroglycerin after hypoxia;(4)group SNP,receiving nebulized sodium nitroprusside after hypoxia. Mean arterial pressure (MAP)and mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP)were monitored continuously. Arterial blood gas analysis was determined at baseline,1 hour after hypoxia,termination of nebulization and 0.5 h after nebulization. After nebulization,blood methemoglobin (MetHb)and plasma NO level were measured.Results Acute hypoxia resulted in a significant increase in MPAP. At 1 hour after hypoxia,MPAP in group C,group NTG and group SNP were significantly higher than that in group S(P0.05).After nebulization,there were no significant differences in plasma NO level and blood MetHb level between groups. No rebound pulmonary hypertension was observed after withdrawal of nebulization. Conclusion Both NTG and SNP nebulization could be used as selective pulmonary vasodilators for acute hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.

Objective To observe the effect of kidney-tonifying herbal medicine (KTHM) on the changes of female rat genital system induced by Tripterygium wilfordii Hook(TWH).Methods Thirty female rats with normal oestrus cycle were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group,TWH group and TWH+KTHM group. The changes of genital system in all rats were examined after 90-day feeding. Results Compared with the TWH group,oestrus cycle was normal, estrogen and progestogen level and the weight of reproductive organs increased, the ovary was big,follicle grew well with more corpus luteum and good blood supplying, endometrium was thick with hyperplastic uterine gland,and vaginal epithelium became thick and cornificated in TWH+KTHM group. Conclusion Kidney-tonifying herbal medicine can antagonize the toxic and side effects of Tripterygium Wilfordii on the genital system of female rat.

Objective To discuss the techniques and the prevention and cure of preoperative complications of the endovascular embolization in managing the intracranial aneurysms. Methods A total of 90 aneurysms in 88 patients were treated by detachable coils embolization. The clinical results and the management of complications were reported. Results Seventy aneurysms were occluded at 100%, 13 aneurysms at 90% to 95% and 5 aneurysms at only 80. The perioperative complications occurred in 9 patients, including the coil escaping from the aneurysm sac into its parent artery in 3 patients, re-rupturing of aneurysm in 4 patients during operation and serious vasospasm in 2 patients. Two patients died. Conclusion The endovascular embolization is a safe, effective and micro invasive method in managing intracranial aneurysms. The exact embolizing techniques chosen are very important to improve the curative results and decrease the complications of embolization of intracranial aneurysms.

A catalytic spectrophotometric method for the determination of micro amounts of osmium has been established based on the catalytic action of Os(Ⅳ) on the oxidation fading reaction of chlorophosphonazo-mA with KIO4 in alkaline-medium. The reaction conditions were optimized by orthogonal experimental design. The detection limit for osmium was 2.0 μg/L.Beer＇s law was obeyed in the range from 7.0 to 25.0 μg/L for Os(Ⅳ). The method has been applied to the determination of micro amounts of Os(Ⅳ) in concentrate of noble metals and secondary alloy,both of the relative errors were 0.9%. Recoveries varied from 95.38% to 106.0%.

Objective To analyze the characteristics and changes in the disease spectrum of Air Force(AF) servicemen in order to provide reference for the determinatron of the overall level of health of AF and priorities of disease prevention and control.Methods The data of outpatient and inpatient diseases between 2009 and 2013 in AF was collected and analyzed statistically according to the International Classification of Diseases-9(ICD-9),and statistical description was performed with SPSS18.0.Results Between 2009 and 2013,unit B had the highest number of outpatients and inpatients,accounting for 47.74% and 39.64% respectively.The upper respiratory tract infections,gastroenteritis/gastritis,chronic low back pain,skin diseases,nasal sinusitis,training injury,trauma,hemorrhoids,varicocele and stone diseases were the common and frequently occurring diseases in AF,which were the top ten in the disease spectrum.Among them,the incidence and admission rate of skin diseases kept declining.However,the incidence of gastroenteritis/gastritis in unit A,the incidence and admission rate of chronic low back pain in unit B and D,the incidence of injury in unit D,as well as the incidence of neurological headache and hypertension in unit C and D were higher than in other units.Conclusion Respiratory system disease,and occupation-related diseases such as low back pain,training injuries,trauma,skin disease and digestive system disease are the focus of health care in AF.Health education and health promotion for these diseases should be improved,and health intervention for key populations should be enhanced.