Objective:To explore the relationship betwwen the different types of ischemic cerebrovascular disease andthe levels of plasma Homocystine(Hcy).Methods:The levels of plasma Hcy in 135 patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease were measured by the fluorometric method.All the patients were divided into transient ischemic attack(TLA)group and atherothrombotic cerebral infarction(ACO group.The patients in both groups and the levels of plasma Hcy between the primary ACI and recurrent ACI were compared.Results:The levels of plasma Hcy in the ACI group(22.0±6.4 μmol/L)group were significantly higher than those in the TIA group(16.6±6.0 μmol/L)(P＜0.01),and the levels of plasma Hcy in the recurrent ACI group(23.0±5.5 5 μmol/L)were significantly higher than those in the primary group(19.6±5.9 μmol/L)(P＜0.01).There were rio significant differences between the two groups in age,sex,history of smoking.lipid,body mass index,as well as the prevalences of hypertension,diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease.Conclusions:The increased level of plasma Hcy is closely associated with ACI.and it is a risk factor for recurrent stroke.

Objective To observe the influences of different anesthesia methods or adjuvant chemotherapy on hemorheological parameters in patients with cervical cancer.Methods Sixty pa-tients with cervical cancer were equally randomized into two groups.Patients in group A received three courses of chemotherapy preoperatively while those in group B did not.The patients of group A and B were divided respectively into two subgroups,combined epidural general anesthesia group (groups A1 and B1),general anesthesia group (group A2 and B2).Blood samples were taken for the hemorheological measurement at 5 min before induction of anesthesia,60 min after induction of anes-thesia and at the end of surgery.Results Red cell deformability index (EDI)was significantly lower in group A than that in group B;Erythrocyte rigidity index (ERI)and blood viscosity were higher in group A compared with those in group B (P <0.05).In groups A1 and B1,EDI,plasmic viscosity packed ERI,and ERI were all lower than those before anesthesia induction (P < 0.01 );while in groups A2 and B2 Hct decreased.Conclusion The patients of cervical cancer after chemotherapy showed some hemorheological changes characterized by a lowered EDI.Combined general and epidural anesthesia can significantly improve the above parameters.

Objective To study the relationship of different histological types and degrees of infiltration of gastric adenocarcinoma on lymph node metastasis.Methods The clinical data of 1 615 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma were analyzed retrospectively,and the rate and number of lymph node metastasis in different histological types and with different depths of invasion were statistically analyzed.Results There were 46 227 lymph nodes collected from 1615 cases,with an average of 28.62 per case. Lymph node metastasis was found in 1046(64.77%) cases of gastric cancer and 10 173(22.01%) lymph nodes. Different TNM stages showed different rates of metastasis: T1(M)2.78%,T1(SM)13.61%,T2 55.59%,and T3 84.84% respectively,while the metastatic rate for histolgically well-differentiated carcinoma was 50.25%,and for low-differentiated earcinoma was 78.95%,and both had statistically significant difference(P

BACKGROUND:It is unclear whether serial cel passage in vitro influences the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s into neural stem cel s.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of cel passage on the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s into neural stem cel s.
METHODS:Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s were isolated and cultured by the whole bone marrow adherence method. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s at passages 3, 6, 9, 12 were incubated in serum-free medium. After culture for 7 and 14 days, cel biological characterization was observed and differenitaiton ability into neural stem cel s was observed by detecting Nestin expression in cel s using flow cytometry. Then, the cel s were further induced to differentiate and cel multipotential differentiation capacity was detected by measurement of nerve enolase and glial acidic protein expression.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Under induction, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s at different passages were al differentiated into Nestin-positive neural stem cel s. However, there was a significant difference in differentiation proportion of cel s at different passages (P<0.05). Strongest differentiation ability was found in the passage 6 cel s, with the Nestin expression up to (93.7±2.3)%at 7 days of induction and (96.2±1.8)%at 14 days of induction. The proportion of differentiated cel s at passages 6 and 9 was signfi cantly higher than that at passages 3 and 12. Moreover, adherent cel s were positive for nerve enolase and glial acidic protein. Al these findings indicate that the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s into neural stem cel s is correlated with cel passage. Cel s at lower or higher passages are both detrimental to cel differentiation.

Objective To prepare porcine acellular dermal matrix(PADM) without cytotoxicity,to evaluate its biological safety,and investigate its end result in vivo.Methods A piece of porcine split-thickness skin of 0.3-0.4mm was obtained,the epidermis was removed by hypertonic saline immersion,and then the skin was immersed in sodium hydroxide solution,and dermal cells were removed by shaking water bath at normal temperature to harvest PADM.After cross-linking and sterilization,bacteria and porcine virus were examined in the PADM.The PADM were embedded beneath the Sprague-Dawley(SD) rat's skin,and then the general and histological changes were observed after transplantation.Result The obtained PADM was soft and elastic,easy to be moulded,and convenient for operation.No cellular component was found in PADM,the collagen was regularly arranged and elastic fibers were abundant.Bacteria and virus examination of all specimens was negative.No immunologic rejection of PADM was found after being embedded beneath the skin of SD rat.The PADM adhered to the wound firmly,and it was difficult to detach 3 weeks after implantation,and the general structures of PADM beneath rat skin were discernible 24 weeks after implantation.The PADM was infiltrated by inflammatory cells in the early stage,fibroblasts and capillary vessels increased in number along with the time,and collagen fibers gradually gained a regular and compact arrangement in PADM.Conclusions The PADM prepared by hypertonic saline/sodium hydroxide method is a simple preparation process,and there is no cytotoxicity.It has a high biological safety and can be used as dermal scaffold with long-term existence in vivo.

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of the serum β2-microglobulin (β 2-MG) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) in multiple myeloma (MM) patients.Methods The serum levels of β2-MG and LDH in 63 MM patients (MM group) and 20 healthy person (control group) were measured by biochemical assay.Results The serum levels of β 2-MG and LDH in MM group were higher than those in control group[(3.81 ± 0.62) mg/L vs.(2.43 ± 0.91) mg/L and (296.4 ± 34.7) U/L vs.(145.5 ±17.8) U/L,P ＜ 0.05].Furthermore,the serum levels of β 2-MG and LDH increased gradually with MM clinical staging (P ＜0.05).After VAD chemotherapy,the serum levels of β 2-MG and LDH in clinical response MM patients(54 cases) were significantly decreased [(2.51 ± 1.36) mg/L vs.(3.57 ± 0.82) mg/L and (159.1 ± 35.2) U/L vs.(285.3 ± 87.6) U/L,P ＜ 0.05],while those in no response patients (9 cases)were unchanged (P＞ 0.05).Conclusion The serum levels of β 2-MG and LDH can be taken as a clinical index to classify the clinical phase,prognosis and effectiveness of chemotherapy in MM patients.

ObjectiveTo explore the expression of Glut1, HIF-1α and Ki-67 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and their relationship between their expression and clinicopathological features.MethodsImmunohistochemical study (EnVision method) for Glut1, HIF-1a and Ki-67 were performed on tissue microarray which consisted of 171 cases of HCC, 55 cases of adjacent non-neoplastic liver tissues, and 22cases of normal liver tissues.ResultsThe expression rate of Glut1 ,HIF-1α and ki-67 in 171 cases of HCC was 15.2％, 19.9％ and 66.1％, respectively, which was much higher than that in the adjacent non-neoplastic liver tissues (1.8％ ,1.8％and 5.5％) and normal liver tissues(all negative).The expressions of Glut1 and HIF-1α were positively correlated with the differentiation degree of HCC and TNM stage(P ＜0.01, P ＜0.05).The expression of ki-67 was positively correlated with the differentiation degree of HCC.There was a significant positive correlation between the expressions of Glut1 and HIF-1α in HCC (r1 =0.553, P ＜0.05), the expressions of Glut1 and HIF-1α were positively correlated with ki-67(r2 =0.560,r3 =0.613, P ＜0.05).ConclusionsGlut1, HIF-1α and ki-67 may play a role in the tumorigenesis and progression of HCC in some degree.Combined detection of Glut1, HIF-1α and Ki-67 may be helpful to judge the degree of malignancy and potential metastasis and evaluate the prognosis.

BACKGROUND: The key to success in laryngeal transplantation is to control the infection. In practice, how to minimize the risk of infection should be considered first, so that the laryngeal allograft can survive after revascularization under the immunosuppressive state. Then the therapeutics methods should be focused on the functional recovery of respiratory, swallowing and phonation.OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility of staged allogeneic larynx transplant for dogs in order to decrease the infection rate.METHODS: Ten male conspecific Beagle dogs were assigned into five pairs of donor and receptor according to body mass and the size of larynx. The allogeneic larynx was embedded under the neck skin by allotransplantation. The dogs were treated with immunosuppressant daily to resist immnological rejection. The pharynx and trachea were contraposed after larynx survived to establishⅡstage laryngeal transplantation animal model.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: InⅠstage of laryngeal transplantation, the laryngeal allograft survived well, blood supply was passable. Receptor dog 1 with vertical midline incision in the neck, receptor dogs 4 and 5 with transverse incisions in the neck grew well. No infection phenomena was found in receptor dogs 4 and 5. The lastⅡstage laryngeal transplantation was performed in the 4th week afterⅠstage laryngeal transplantation. Skin flap necrosis occurred in receptor dogs 2 and 3 with U-shape incisions. The donor larynx had different degree infection. Laryngeal allograft of receptor dog 2 died; laryngeal allograft of receptor dog 3 survived after treatment. The survival period of donor larynx in receptors was as long as 4 weeks. These findings indicate that the larynx infection is avoid or reduced by staged larynx transplantation with pre-embed laryngeal allograft after total laryngectomy. The receptor dog is tolerant; the donor larynx is easy to survive. The main histological change occurs in the epithelial mucosae which can be used as an inspect index of immunosuppressive agents. However, glandular organ secretion is a troublesome problem and immunodepressant must be continuously administrated for a long time.

OBJECTIVE To explore the feasibility of transnasal endoscopic surgery to treatment of intraorbital space occupying by ethmoidal-lamina papy-racea approach. METHODS The clinical data of 10 cases who underwent intraorbital surgery via transnasal endoscopic ethmoidal-lamina papyracea approach from June 2003 and Aug. 2006 were retrospectively studied. The patients included foreign body 1 case, cavernous hemangioma 2 case, lipoma 2 cases, inflammatory pseudotumor 2cases and hematoma 3cases. All intraorbital space occupying were operated by transnasal endoscopic ethmoidal-lamina papyracea approach but for one cavernous hemangioma which was dealt with through extra orbitectomy. The inflammatory pseudotumors were prescribed with glucocorticoid after operation.RESULTS Foreign body was removed successfully. One case of cavernous haemangioma was removed completely by transnasal endoscopic surgery and the other by extroorbital operation. All symptoms of proptosis and diplopia disappeared. One vision was enhanced from hand moving to 0.3 and another from light to hand moving. However, there was one hematoma which had been hindered about 14 days after damaged lost eyesight after operation. All cases were cured but one pseudotumor which recurred and was operated again. All cases were followed up 3 to 24 months. CONCLUSION Intraorbital surgery via transnasal endoscopic ethmoidal-lamina papyracea approach was available and feasible for the advantages of clear operation field, direct vision operation, less damage, rapid recovery and avoiding of facial scar, and intranasal endoscopic surgery can treat the rhino-orbital related diseases and nasal diseases at the same time.

AIM: To observe the effect of piceatannol on the kidney of diabetic nephropathy rats in early stage, and to explore the possible mechanisms.METHODS: The rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: control group, model group, low dose of piceatannol treatment group, medium dose of piceatannol treatment group and high dose of piceatannol treatment group.The rat model of diabetic nephropathy was induced accordingly, and the rats received 20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg or 60 mg/kg of piceatannol by gavage once a day for 4 weeks.Blood glucose was detected by glucometer.The urea nitrogen and creatinine levels in the serum were measured by urease-glutamate dehydrogenase enzymatic and inosine acid oxidase methods, respectively, and 24 h urinary microalbumin was analyzed by immune transmission turbidimetry test.Moreover, the pathological changes of the kidney tissues were observed under microscope with HE staining.The protein expression of TGF-β1 and Smad 7 and the phosphorylation levels of Smad2 and Smad3 were determined by Western blot.RESULTS: Compared with model group, piceatannol treatment significantly decreased the levels of blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen and urinary microalbumin, but had no effects on serum creatinine.Furthermore, HE staining showed that the increased mesangial cells, matrix hyperplasia and degenerated epithelial cells in model group were markedly inhibited after piceatannol treatment.Additionally, piceatannol treatment also reduced the protein expression of TGF-β1 and Smad 7, and the phosphorylation levels of Smad2 and Smad3.CONCLUSION: Piceatannol attenuates pathological progression in the kidney of diabetic nephropathy rats in early stage, which may be through inhibiting TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.