As a kind of heavy metal, cadmium has the toxicity to multiple organs and tissues. Much progress has been made in the toxicological research, especially in the toxicity to the reproductive system. The recent researches on the toxicity on Cd, the toxicological mechanism and the preventive methods of cadmium poisoning were reviewed in the present paper.

Objective To observe the level change of serum SOD in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Methods The levels of serum SOD in 66 patients with SARS were measured by RIA, and compared with controls. Results The levels of serum SOD in patients with SARS were significantly lower than those in controls, and in severe type of SARS patients were lower than those in the other types. The levels of serum SOD in the recovery stage of SARS patients increased, but still was lower than those in controls. Conclusion Excessive free radicals were produced in patients with SARS, and SOD was depleted. The level change of SOD in patients with SARS may reflect state of disease. Dynamic detection of serum SOD level is helpful for monitoring state of SARS. It may be an important therapeutic measure that excessive free radicals were eliminated from SARS patient body.

To evaluate the clinical value of PCR SSCP to detect the rPOB, katG and rPSL resistance genes in M. tuberculosis, the mutation of genes and results of drug sensitive test in strains of M. tuberculosis isolated from 123 patients and grown with Bactec 960 were analyzed, drug sensitive test and polymerase chain reaction single stranded conformation polymorphism (PCR SSCP) were performed. Clinical therapeutic effect was evaluated. In nearly one third of the patients, resistance against one drug was found in primary treatmnent. The mutation rate of RFP, INH and SM drug sensitive isolates was 6 2%, 10 8%, and 25 4%, respectively, while that of drug resistant isolates was 60 2%, 48 0%, and 61 5%, respectively. The magnitude of drug resistance was in accordance with the increase in mutation rate of genes. Detection of the resistance genes could be a new approach in guiding treatment, and it might complement drug sensitive test in clinical management of tuberculosis patients.

Objective To observe the levels of serum sex hormone in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), in order to determine whether there were involvement of sex glands. Methods The levels of serum E2, PROG, FSH, LH and PRL were measured in 66 patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) by electrochemiluminescence, and the results were compared with that of controls. Results The results showed that levels of serum E2, PROG,and FSH in patients with SARS were significantly lower than those of controls. On the other hand, the levels of serum LH and PRL were significantly higher than those of controls. The level of E2 in patients with severe type SARS was significantly lower than that in patients with mild type.The levels of sex hormones returned later than improvement of clinical symptoms. Conclusion The levels of serum sex hormones were lowered in patients with SARS, indicating that the changes in sex hormones might play a role in the disease process of SARS. Recovery of levels of sex hormones was retarded.

Objective To evaluate the clinic application value of detection of rPOB,katG and rPSL resistance genes to M tuberculosis by polymerase china reaction-single stranded conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP).Method The drug-resistance tests of M tuberculosis clinical isolates from 141 patients with the tuberculosis was analyzed by Bactec-960 rapid culture,drug-sensitive and PCR-SSCP techniques.Results As nearly As one of three patients with priliminary treatment had resistance to one kind of the drugs tested at least.The mutation rates of RFP,INH and SM drug-sensitive isolates were 6 5%,11 4% and 27 2% respectively.That of the drug-resistant isolates were 60 2%,45 7% and 62 7%.As drug-resistant concentration heightened,so mutation rate of genes increased.Conclusions Detecting the resistance genes was a new explore in guiding treatment,and multiple drug-sensitive test combinative use have cooperativity each other.It might become good test for clinical management.

Objective To study the changes of TNF-??NO in lung of immature rabbits with meconium aspiration and the relationship with right ventricular pressure. Methods (1)We established mild and severe immature rabbits model of meconium aspiration by endotracheal intubation imbuing meconium 0.6 ml/kg and 4 ml/kg. (2)We measured the right ventricular pressure by right ventricular puncture. (3)level of TNF-? in lung was measured by radioimmunoassay and that of NO was detected by Cr deoxidation. Results Meconium caused pulmonary inflammatory response which was reflected in the increase of cell counts in BALF, peaking at 24 h after instillation [WBC counts (6.06? 0.15 ) ?10 8/L,PMN counts (0.484?0.009)?10 8/L] and recovered by 72 h[(1.93?0.08)?10 8/L,(0 082?0 007)?10 8]. (2)The level of TNF-? in lung of mild group (1.41?0 15) ng/ml increased significantly comparing with control group (0 48?0.07) ng/ml, level of NO (31.9?2.4) ng/ml decreased significantly. Peaked at 16~24 h and recovered to normal by 72 h. the changes of severe group [TNF-?(1.85?0.17) ng/ml, NO(26.4?2.4) ng/ml] were significantly different from those in mild group. (3) At mild group,the right ventricular pressure began to increase at 16 h ( 19.28 ? 0.10 ) mm Hg, peaked at 24 h (26.78?0.14) mm Hg and returned to normal level by 72 h ( 14.18 ? 0.04) mm Hg. The pressure of severe group ( 32.70 ? 0.14 ) mm Hg was significantly higher than that of control and mild group. Conclusions (1)After immature rabbits aspirating meconium, there were remarkable pulmonary inflammatory responses. (2)The level of TNF-? in lung increased, and was correlated with right ventricular pressure,which revealed that MAS with PPHN could be associated with inflammatory response. (3)The level of NO decreased after meconium aspiration, and was lower at severe group. The level of NO was negatively correlated with right ventricular pressure, which indicated that the severe meconium aspiration was companied with severe damage of endotheliocyte which promoted and exacerbated PPHN.

Objective To investigate the mutation of embB and pncA genes in mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates, and assess its clinical value. Methods The drug-sensitivity of 106 clinical isolates of mycobacterial species was identified by the tranditional method, and then analyzed the mutation of their embB and pncA genes with PCR-SSCP. Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H 37 RV was used as a control. Results The mutational frequency of pncA gene in 94 PZA-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis was 44 6%(42/94). The mutational frequency of embB gene in 83 EMB-resistant isolates was 54 2%. The frequency of both genes mutation was 11 8%(11/94). Conclusion EMB and PZA resistances in some mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were due to mutations of embB and pncA genes. PCR- SSCP method might become a simple and rapid diagnostic test for genotypes of EMB and PZA resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Objective:To investigate the pathway of C.albicans-induced murine thymocyte apoptosis.Methods:The chages of TNF-? level in murine plasma and caspase-3 activity were measured by ELISA and flurorescence spectrophoto meter respectively;FCM measurement was adopted for the expression levels of related genes.Results:The level of TNF rise,the caspase-3 activity serengthen significantly and bax,p53 gene expression are upregulated.Conclusion:It is possible that C.albicans elicits apoptosis in murine thymocytes by upregulating bax and p53 gene expression as well as raising the serum TNF-? level to strenghen the activity of caspase-3.

Objective:To treat the burned wounds with Kangmeifu burns ointment and observe the expression levels of EGF,TNF-? and TGF-?1 in the process of wound healing.Methods:Immunohistochemistry and image analysis methods were conducted to examine the expressions of EGF,TNF-? and TGF-?1 in both groups at 3,5,7,9 and 14 days after scalding.Results:①Expression of EGF:EGF began to express from the 1stday.It expressed significantly at the 5th day,maintained a higher level at the 7th and 14th days.In the blank control side,the peak expression occurred at the 7th day.② Expression of TNF-?:TNF-? had two peaks respectively in both sides.The peaks in the blank control side ocurred at the 3th and 9th days respectively,and the peaks in the Kangmeifu burns ointment treated side ocurred at the 3th and 7th days,and the second peak was obviously earlier than that in the blank control side.③Expression of TGF-?1 :TGF-?1 began to express from the 1stday.It expressed significantly at the 5th day,and reduced at the 9th day.In the blank control side,the peak expression occurred at the 7th day.In the blank control side,there was almost no TGF-?1 expression at the lst day.It expressed weakly at the 3th day.The peak expression occurred at the 7th day.Conclusion:Kangmeifu burns ointment can accelerate the process of wound tissue healing through enhancing EGF,TGF-?1 expression at the beginning and inhibiting TNF-? overexpression later.

With the development of technology,automatic management system Controlled by co mputer is necessary in hospitals Building a bank of mycobacterium and their gen ome is a great step to this aim It can make it easier to get the mycobacterium data than before,furthermore,it is helpful for further research for doctors to m ake a new treatment plan for the patients