Objectives To understand the mutations of embB genes in M. tuberculosis isolates, and to evaluate their clinical value. Method 102 clinical isolates were identified for their mycobacterial species, and then analyzed their embB genes with PCR SSCP, PCR RFLP, and PCR direct sequencing. Results Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H 37 R v was used as a control. 102 clinical isolates all had the same 16S rDNA SSCP profiles as M. tuberculosis . Forty one drug sensitive isolates had normal embB SSCP and RFLP profiles. Of 61 ethambutol resistant isolates, 23 (37.7%) displayed abnormal embB SSCP profiles. Eight isolates had abnormal RFLP profiles. All embB mutations situated at codon 306, whose EMB MICs were more than 20 ?g/ml. Eight isolates had ATG to ATA or ATT mutations at codon 306. Thirty isolates had ATG to GTG or CTG mutations at codon 306, whose EMB MICs were more than 30 ?g/ml. Conclusions Ethabutol resistances in some M. tuberculosis isolates were due to mutations on embB genes. PCR SSCP and PCR RFLP method might become a simple and rapid diagnostic test for genotypes of M. tuberculosis ethabutol resistance.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of choledochoscopy combined with electrohydraulic lithotripsy (EHL) for the treatment of pancreatolithiasis. Methods From October 2002 to July 2006, choledochoscopy combined with EHL was used in 11 patients with pancreatolithiasis during a dissection of the pancreatic duct combined with pancreato-jejunum Roux-en-Y anastomosis (EHL group). The data of these patients were compared with the data of 12 patients with pancreatolithiasis, who were treated by routine dissection of the pancreatic duct combined with pancreato-jejunum Roux-en-Y anastomosis from January 1995 to September 2002 (Routine group). Results The intraoperative blood loss and the postoperative rate of residual stones in the EHL group were significantly less than those in the routine group [(145.5?82.0) ml vs (406.7?384.9) ml, t=-2.201, P= 0.039; and 0% vs 41.7%, P= 0.037]. The postoperative rate of pain relief in the EHL group was higher than that in the routine group (90.9% vs 58.3%), however the difference was not significant (P=0.155). In the EHL group, 6 patients had diarrhea before the operation, 4 of them achieved relief after the surgery (4/6), which was not significantly more than that in the routine group (5/9, P=1.000). Before the operation, 7 patients in the EHL group and 9 in the routine group had diabetic mellitus; in each group, the disease was relieved in 2 patients after the operation (2/7 vs 2/9, P=0.665). Conclusions Choledochoscopy combined with EHL is effective for the treatment of pancreatolithiasis. The procedure can increase the rate of stone removal, decrease the intraoperative blood loss, and elevate the postoperative rate of pain relief.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of ultrasound in evaluating the wrist nerve stem.Methods The examination of the high-resolution ultrasound about normal median nerve,ulnar nerve,radial nerve in the wrist on 100 normal volunteers,the courser,shape and sonographic appearance of the nerve stem were observed,and the vertical and horizontal diameter and the area of cross-section were measured.Results (1)Ultrasound clearly showed the nerve stem arranged and organization structures around it.(2) Ultrasound entirely measured the vertical and horizontal sections of normal median nerve,ulnar nerve,radial nerve in the wrist,besides it measured various diameters and the cross-section area.By comparing the vertical diameter of MN and RN between left hand and right hand of the same sexuality,the difference had no statistical significance (P＞0.05).By comparing the various diameters of UN between left hand and right hand of females,the difference had no statistical significance (P＞0.05) By comparing the vertical diameter between left hand and right hand of male,the difference had statistical significance (P＜0.05).To compare the vertical diameter of MN,RN and UN between male and females on the same side,the difference had statistical significance (P＜0.05).To compare the CSA of MN,RN and UN between left hand and right hand of the same sexiuality,the diffevence had no statistical significance (P＞0.05);By comparing the CSA of MN,RN and UN between male and females on the same side,the diffevence had statistical significance (P＜0.05).Median nerve cross-sectional area (CSA) and weight correlation was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05) in a straight line,no statistically significant correlation was found between age and height (P＞ 0.05).(3) High resolution ultrasound clearly showed the neural surrounding adjacent to the organizational structure,and in line with gross anatomy section.Conclusion Ultraound has a clinical evalution value for examing the wrist nerve

Objective:To investigate the expression of Survivin and it's relationship with the expression of Bcl-2 in sinonasal inverted papilloma (SNIP).Method:Immunohistochemical method was used to determine the expression of Survivin and Bcl-2 in 30 cases of SNIP,10 cases of sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma(SCC) and 10 cases of normal inferior concha tissues.Result:Survivin was expressed in 22 of 30(73.3%)cases of SNIP,8 of 10(80.0%)cases of SCC and not expressed in 10(0%)cases of normal inferior concha tissues.Expression of Survivin was significantly higher in SNIP and SCC than in normal tissues.Bcl-2 was expressed in 9 of 10(90.0%)cases of SCC and 2 of 10(20.0%)cases of normal inferior concha tissues.Expression of Bcl-2 was significantly higher in SCC than in normal tissues.Bcl-2 was expressed in 14 of 30(46.7%)cases of SNIP,higher than normal tissues.Expression of Bcl-2 was positively related to expression of Survivin.Conclusion:Survivin may play an important role in the pathway of progression of SNIP and SCC.It may be identified as a new therapeutic target.Bcl-2 may play a synergic role with Survivin in progression of SNIP.

Through an introduction to the importance of medical ethics education and the status quo, this paper discusses how to better combine the medical ethics education with medical students′medical practices. It puts for-ward some suggestions from the institutional arrangements, personnel allocation, and publicitymethods. The ulti-mate goal is that the medical students could get more effective, continue and integration medical ethics education in the process of medical practice.

DNAzymes, screened through in vitro selection, were artificial nucleic acids with catalytic function . They could cleave specific substrates in the presence of cofactors with unique characteristics, such as high catalytic activity, high specificity for cofactors, excellent stability, and easy to synthesize and modify. The combination of DNAzymes with nanomaterials could retain the DNAzyme activity and realize the functional integration of recognition and signal transduction, promoting rapid development of biosensors. In the current paper, we mainly reviewed the recent progress in DNAzyme-nanomaterial based biosensors, and the nanomaterials included gold nanoparticles, graphene, quantum dots, magnetic nanomaterials, and so on.

Objective To establish a standardized management system and process for teaching ward rounds of clinical practice,so as to improve the quality of clinical practice. Methods (1) We established the system and process for teaching ward rounds. (2) The students of 2008 grade were divided into two groups. The new system and process for teaching ward rounds was used in 71 students in the experimental group,and the primary teaching ward rounds system was used in 72 students in control group. (3) A survey concerned about students' abilities of grasping theoretical knowledge, clinical thinking, self-study, clinical operation and doctor-patient communication were investigated in both students and their tutors. Result The result showed that the abilities of grasping theoretical knowledge,clinical thinking,self-study,clinical operation and doctor-patient communication in the experimental group were enhanced much more than the control group ( <0.01) . Conclusion The standardized management system and process for teaching ward rounds of clinical practice can improve the students, comprehensive abilities and the quality of clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the dynamic expression of E2F1 in lung of premature rats with hyperoxia-induced chronic lung disease and the relation between E2F1 and pulmonary fibrosis. METHODS: Premature Wistar rats at 21 days gestation were randomly and equally divided into a hyperoxia group and a room air group. The hyperoxia group was continuously exposed to hyperoxia (90%) while the air group in room air. Lung tissues in the 2 groups were obtained at 3, 7 and 14 days after exposing to either room air or hyperoxia. The changes of pulmonary histopathology at different time points were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining; the severity of pulmonary fibrosis was evaluated; and the expression of E2F1 in lung tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. RESULTS: After 3 days of hyperoxia, no significant interstitial fibrosis was observed; while after 7 days in the hyperoxia group, interstitial fibrosis was observed. These changes became more obvious after 14 days of prolonged hyperoxia exposure. No significant difference in the expressions of E2F1 protein was found between the hyperoxia group and the room air group 3 days postnatally (P>0.05). The expression of E2F1 in the hyperoxia group significantly increased 7 days and 14 days postnatally (P<0.05, P<0.01). CONCLUSION Abnormality of E2F1 expression is involved in the pathological process of the proliferation of lung fibroblasts in hyperoxia-induced chronic lung disease neonatal rats, and it plays an important role in lung fibrosis.
Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; E2F1 Transcription Factor ; metabolism ; Hyperoxia ; metabolism ; pathology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung ; pathology ; Lung Diseases ; metabolism ; pathology ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rats, Wistar

Objective To compare two effective preparation methods for paclitaxel-loaded lipid microbubbles, and to evaluate the physiochemical properties as for acoustic activated drug delivery. Methods Paclitaxel-loaded lipid microbubbles were prepared with two methods: one was mixed with phospholipids directly (Ⅰ); the other was added in triacetin, then mixed with phospholipids (Ⅱ). Concent ration, size, pH, drug entrapment efficiency, drug-loading amounts of these two kinds of paclitaxel-loaded lipid microbubbles were studied, while drug release with ultrasound and tumor imaging enhanced on rabbit breast tumor were observed. Results There was no significant difference in tumor imaging between two kinds of microbubbles which could be ruptured by low energy ultrasound. Compared with Ⅰ, the mean diameter of Ⅱ decreased significantly ([ 1.07±0.38] μm vs [2.79± 0.41] μm, P<0.01), the surface potencial was higher ([19.10±0.32] mV vs [-5.90±0.21] mV, P<0.01), whereas entrapment efficiency and drug-loading amounts increased markedly ([ 95.00±1.22]% vs [36.10±4.74]%, P<0.01; [5.60±0.11]% vs [0.50±0.04]%, P<0.01). Conclusion The Ⅱ paclitaxel-loaded lipid microbubbles added triacetin have an important clinical value.

ObjectiveTo explore the expression of miR-130b and RUNX3mRNA in human gastric carcinoma and the clinical significance. MethodsThe expression of miR-130b and RUNX3mRNA were detected by RT-PCR in 40 cases of gastric carcinoma and corresponding normal mucosa tissue. The expression of RUNX3protein was determined by immunohistochemistry SP method. ResultsThe expression of miR-130b was significantly up-regulated in gastric carcinoma than that in the adjacent normal gastric mucosa tissues (2.18 ± 3.75 ) vs.( 2.59 ± 3.45 ),P ＜ 0.05 ; The expression of RUNX3mRNA in gastric carcinoma tissues was significantly lower than that in adjacent normal gastric mucosa tissues( 8.76 ±2.82) vs.( 7.58 ± 2.87 ),P ＜ 0.05.The expression of miR-130b and RUNX3mRNA were positively correlated with lymph node metastasis and clinical stage ( P ＜ 0.05 ) ; No significant association was found between the expression and age,gender,tumor size,distant metastasis and depth of tumor invasion ( P ＞0.05 ).The expression of miR-130b was negatively correlated with RUNX3 protein expression in nuclei and cytoplasm (P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionsAbnormal expression of miR-130b and RUNX3mRNA correlates with prognosis of gastric carcinoma; Decreased RUNX3 protein expression may contribute to tumourigenesis.