Objective To investigate the changes of laminin(LN) and fibronectin(FN) expressions in atypical hyperplasia and breast cancer. Methods LN and FN expressions in normal breast tissue, tissues from grade Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ atypical hyperplasia and breast cancer were detected by means of S P immunohistochemical staining method. Results In normal breast tissue, LN expression was found only in basement membrane, but FN expression in basement membrane and matrix. In gradeⅠ hyperplasia, LN expression was found in basement membrane and epithelium, but FN expression was similar to that in normal tissue. In grade Ⅱhyperplasia, more LN expression was found in epithelium, but FN expression in epithelium and matrix. In grade Ⅲ hyperplasia, LN expression increased significantly in matrix and decreased significantly in epithelium as compared with those in grade Ⅱ( P

Objective Pueraria extract puerarin,HPLC assay puerarin extract and compare different doses of correlation with the hang-over effect of puerarin evaluate different doses of puerarin liver hangover effect. Methods Extracted under optimal conditions obtained in the previous experiment puerarin spare,HPLC method for qualitative and quantitative detection of alcohol extract of kudzu root ( PRE) ,the male Kunming mice were randomly divided into control group,positive control group and puerarin group,each group of 10. Give mice fed pueraria extract,30 min after administration of liquor,drunk mice sobering observation time and the determination of mouse liver ADH,GOT,GPT con-tent in order to investigate the effect of puerarin on drunken mice. Results HPLC fraction was measured at 8 times the volume of 70% etha-nol,60 ℃ constant temperature water bath shaker at 30 min for optimal extraction conditions puerarin extraction. Compared with the positive control groups:low,medium and high doses of alcohol extract of pueraria can significantly shorten the time to sober up drunken mice,the dose of PRE could effectively inhibit the absorption of alcohol,reduce liver tissue ADH,GOT,GPT,the effects of high doses of PRE absorption of alcohol was small. Conclusion HPLC method capable of puerarin extract the qualitative and quantitative determination of puerarin on liver injury caused by acute alcoholism a protective regulatory role,and the hangover effect of puerarin dose showed a good positive correlation.

Through an introduction to the importance of medical ethics education and the status quo, this paper discusses how to better combine the medical ethics education with medical students′medical practices. It puts for-ward some suggestions from the institutional arrangements, personnel allocation, and publicitymethods. The ulti-mate goal is that the medical students could get more effective, continue and integration medical ethics education in the process of medical practice.

Objective To assess the prevalence of urogenital infection with and genotype distribution of C.trachomatis among female sex workers (FSWs) from different entertainment venues in Wuzhou and Hezhou cities of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.Methods A total of 810 FSWs were recruited to this study by convenience sampling from entertainment venues in Wuzhou and Hezhou cities of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from July 2009 to September 2010.Based on the venues where they solicited clients,the FSWs were classified into three tiers,i.e.,high-tier,middle-tier and low-tier.Cervical swabs were collected from all of these subjects followed by detection of C.trachomatis with the Amplicor PCR test kit.Then,DNA was extracted from C.trachomatis-positive specimens and subjected to nested PCR assay targeting the ompA gene followed by bidirectional sequencing.The genotype of C.trachomatis was determined according to the sequence of ompA gene.Chi-square test was conducted to compare the urogenital infection rate and genotype distribution of C.trachomatis between different tiers of FSWs.Results Among the 805 FSWs,the prevalence rate of urogenital C.trachomatis infection was 20.0％ (161/805).Chi-square test showed that the prevalence rate of urogenital C.trachomatis infection was significantly lower in high-and middle-tier FSWs than in low-tier FSWs (x2 =3.97,5.95,respectively,both P ＜ 0.05).Nine genotypes of C.trachomatis were identified in these FSWs,with serotype F as the most prevalent genotype (39/154,25.3％).Low-tier FSWs showed a higher frequency of genotype E (x2 =5.02,P ＜ 0.05) but a lower frequency of genotype K (Fisher's Exact test,P =0.048) compared with middle-tier FSWs.Conclusions Low-tier FSWs show a high rate of urogenital infection with C.trachomatis,with serotype E as the prevalent type.Since C.trachomatis serovar E-infected patients are likely to be missed by symptom-based screening and preventive strategies,standardized screening for and efficient treatment of urogenital C.trachomatis infection should be enhanced among low-tier FSWs for the prevention of C.trachomatis transmission.

Objective Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are common and life-threatening disease in children with mortality as high as 40%-70%. Alveolar type Ⅱ cells (ATII cells),characterized by the presence of lamellar bodies (LBs),synthesize and secret surfactant proteins (SPs),which contribute significantly to surfactant homeostasis and pulmonary immunity.The functions of ATⅡ cells including pulmonary surfactant production are autocratically dominated by the structural integrity of ATII cells.Our study is focused on the ultrastructural alterations of AT Ⅱ cells in rats with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced ALI.Methods Rat ALI models were established by intraperitoneal injection of LPS (4 mg/kg).0.9 % NS with same amount was given in the normal control group.The rats were randomly chosen and sacrificed at 24, 48 and 72 hrs after LPS injection (8 rats at each time point).Lung samples (1 mm3 of the size) were obtained from the lower parts of left lungs and fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde for the transmission electron microscope examination.Results The microvilli around ATII cells disappeared and the number of LBs increased at 24 hrs after LPS administration.LBs rearranged like a ring around the nuclei.It was commonly seen that two nuclei were present in one AT Ⅱ cell.Vacuole-like deformity prominently occurred in cytoplasm at 48 hrs.Giant LBs presented at the same time.The shapes of nuclei were irregular and some of the borders were unclear at 48 and 72 hrs.The remnant of ruptured LBs scattered in cytoplasm at 72 hrs.The number of LBs reduced obviously.Karyolysis occurred in some of the nuclei.Conclusions The ALI-related alterations of ATII cells characterized by the changes of LBs,nuclei,and nucleoli were time-dependent. ATII cell injury was serious at 48 and 72 hrs.This may lead to the insufficiency of pulmonary surfactant synthesis and unstability of pulmonary homeostasis,which contributed to to the pathogenesis of acute lung injury.

Objective:To analyze the effect of CD100 to monocyte cytotoxicity in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.Methods:Thirty-five NSCLC patients and thirteen healthy controls were included from Zhengzhou Central Hospital between March 2018 and September 2018. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) (both tumor site and non-tumor site) was collected from NSCLC patients, while PBMC was collected from healthy controls. Monocytes were purified from PBMC and BALF. Membrane-bound CD100 (mCD100) and CD72 expression on monocytes was measured by flow cytometry. Monocytes from NSCLC patients were stimulated with recombinant human CD100, anti-CD72, matrix metalloproteinase 14(MMP14), or anti-CD100, and were co-cultured with NCI-H1882 cells for 48 h. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), granzyme A, granzyme B level in the supernatants, CD16 expression on monocytes, and percentage of target cell death was assessed. Student t test or paired t test was used for comparison. Results:There were no significant differences of peripheral CD14 + mCD100 + percentage, CD14 + CD72 + percentage, CD100 mean fluorescence intensity (MFI), CD72 MFI between NSCLC patients and healthy controls ( P>0.05). CD14 + mCD100 + percentage, CD14 + CD72 + percentage, CD100 MFI, CD72 MFI was remarkably elevated in tumor site compared with in non-tumor site in NSCLC patients ( P<0.05). There was no remarkable difference of peripheral monocytes-induced NCI-H1882 cell death between NSCLC group and control group [(13.95±3.16)% vs (13.22±2.40)%, P=0.451]. Lung-resident monocytes-induced NCI-H1882 cell death was reduced in tumor site when compared with non-tumor site [(11.61±2.81)% vs (14.19±3.57)%, P=0.008 7]. TNF-α, IL-1β, granzyme A, granzyme B level was also decreased in the supernatants of monocytes from tumor site compared with non-tumor site in NSCLC patients( P<0.05). However, there was no statistical difference of CD16 level between two groups( P=0.666). Recombinant human CD100 stimulation promoted NCI-H1882 cell death induced by monocytes from tumor site when compared with unstimulated cells ( P<0.000 1). TNF-α, IL-1β, granzyme A, granzyme B level was also increased ( P<0.05). However, Monocytes, which were pretreated with anti-CD72, induced decreased NCI-H1882 cell death and TNF-α, IL-1β, granzyme A, granzyme B secretion in response to recombinant human CD100 stimulation ( P<0.05). Recombinant human MMP14 stimulation decreased CD14 + mCD100 + percentage and increased soluble CD100 (sCD100) level. NCI-H1882 cell death and TNF-α, IL-1β, granzyme A, granzyme B level was elevated when compared with unstimulated cells ( P<0.05). Anti-CD100 administration decreased sCD100 level. NCI-H1882 cell death and TNF-α, IL-1β, granzyme A, granzyme B level was elevated when compared with MMP14 stimulated cells ( P<0.05). Conclusions:CD100 shedding was insufficient in tumor infiltrating monocytes in NSCLC patients, leading to decreased cytotoxicity. MMP14 might elevate cytotoxicity of tumor infiltrating monocytes via promoting CD100 shedding and sCD100 formation.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of rituximab-containing regimens on post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) following haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Methods The clinical data of 3 cases of PTLD after haploidentical HSCT were analyzed retrospectively. Time to development of PTLD ranged from 57 to 164 days after HSCT.The main symptoms included fever, superficial lymph node enlargement. Epstein-Bart virus (EBV)-positive B-cell PTLD was diagnosed by biopsy of lymph node. Management of 3 patients consisted of withdraw of immunosuppressive treatment, anti-viral therapy, rituximab (375 rng/m2 , per week for four weeks) monotherapy or chemotherapy plus rituximab. Results All the patients had complete remission after treatment. Conclusion PTLD is a serious complication of HSCT especially haploidentical HSCT. Rituximab-containing regimens are potentially effective, well-tolerated with mild toxicity and improve the prognosis of PTLD following haploidentical HSCT.

OBJECTIVETo compare the efficacies ofentecavir and adefovir in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and cirrhosis when administered as monotherapies using a 240-week course.

METHODSNinety patients diagnosed with CHB and cirrhosis (compensated or decompensated) were randomly divided into two treatment groups for administration of either entecavir (0.5 mg/day, oral; n =38) or adefovir (10 mg/day, oral; n =52) for 240 weeks. All participants underwent B-ultrasound and were tested for levels of HBV-DNA, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and various serological markers of the hepatitis B virus at baseline and at treatment weeks 24, 48, 96, 144, 192, and 240. Instances of drug-related complications and adverse reactions were recorded. Patients who did not achieve complete virological response by treatment week 48 or who experienced virological breakthrough at any time during the study course were recorded and started on an appropriate combination therapy regimen. Statistical analyses were carried out using the t-test, chi-square test, and Cox regression modeling.

RESULTSThe dropout rate in the entecavir group was 2.6% and in the adefovir group was 13.5%. At treatment week 240, significantly more patients in the entecavir group had undetectable serum HBV-DNA (91.9% vs. adefovir group: 57.8%; x2=10.362, P=0.001), a negative conversion rate of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) (46.2% vs. adefovir group: 24%; x2=5.055, P=0.025), and rate of HBeAg seroconversion (23.1% vs. adefovir group: 8%, P=0.047).The entecavir group and the adefovir group showed no significant differences upon per-protocol analysis and intention-to-treat analysis, nor in the rates of hepatocellular carcinoma development (entecavir group: 8.1% vs. adefovir group: 6.7%; x2=0.000, P=1.000) or mortality (entecavir group: 8.1% vs. adefovir group: 4.4%; x2=0.051, P=0.821). The possibility of achieving undetectable serum HBV-DNA was 2.761 times higher in the entecavir group than in the adefovir group (95.0% CI: 1.630 to 4.679). The possibility of HBeAg seroconversion was 0.192 times higher for males than for females (95.0% CI: 0.046 to 0.806).

CONCLUSIONCompared to adefovir, entecavir provides high efficiency and rapid viral suppression as a monotherapy for CHB patients when administered in a 240-week course.

Adenine ; analogs & derivatives ; Aged ; Alanine Transaminase ; Antiviral Agents ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Biomarkers ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Female ; Guanine ; analogs & derivatives ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Liver Neoplasms ; Male ; Organophosphonates ; Time Factors ; alpha-Fetoproteins

BACKGROUND:Spinocerebel ar ataxia is a inherited neurodegenerative disease with progressive cerebel ar masonic movement disorders as the main clinical manifestation. So far, no drug is available to control the disease progression. OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical effect of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in treating spinocerebel ar ataxia by intrathecal injection. METHODS:Thirty-eight cases of spinocerebel ar ataxia were given umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells by intrathecal injection, 1×106/kg once a week, four times as a course. These 38 cases received 52 courses. Among them, 27 cases received 1 course, 8 cases received 2 courses and 3 cases received 3 courses. International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS) and Activity of Daily Living Scale (ADL) were used to evaluate patients’ neural functions (the greater scores, the more severe damage) and ability of daily living (the lower score, the stronger the ability of daily living). After treatment, al patients were subjected to fol ow-up visit. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The total effective rate of 52 courses of treatment was 84.62%. ICARS and ADL scores were significantly decreased at 1 month after treatment (P<0.01). In most of effective patients, unstable walking and standing, slow movement, upper limb fine motor disorder, writing difficulties, dysarthria, eye movement disorders were improved. After treatment, common adverse effects were dizziness (1 case), low back pain (2 cases), headache (1 case), and fever (2 cases). Al these symptoms disappeared within 1-3 days. No treatment-related adverse events happened in the median fol ow-up of 39 months (11-59 months). The il ness of effective patients had been stable for 1-19 months, average (5.95±4.84) months. Intrathecal injection of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells is safe to ameliorate clinical symptoms to some extent within a certain time. It may delay the progression of spinocerebel ar ataxia. Multiple courses of treatment can help to further improve neurological function in most patients.

OBJECTIVETo study the gene mutation and streptomycin, isoniazid or rifampicin resistance of Mycobacterium isolated from silico-tuberculosis patient's sputum so as to find a more effective therapy for this disease.

METHODSMycobacteria tuberculosis were separated from 96 coal worker with silico-tuberculosis firstly. Then rpsL, KatG and rpoB fragments of genome were copied with PCR and compared their SSCP profiles with standard strains.

RESULTS67 strains of streptomycin, isoniazid or rifampicin resistant Mycobacteria tuberculosis were found in routine drug resistance test, with the percentages of 80.5% (54/67), 58.2% (39/67) respectively. PCR-SSCP showed that out of 67 drug-resistant strains, 66(98.5%) of rpsL, 47(70.1%) of rpoB and 42(62.7%) of KatG appeared abnormal.

CONCLUSIONMost of the resistant strains appeared gene mutation. The mution rates were higher than the results from routine drug resistance test.

Coal ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Humans ; Mutation ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; drug effects ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; Silicotuberculosis ; microbiology ; Sputum ; microbiology