AIM: To investigate the potential of human induced pluripotent stem cells(hiPSCs)differentiating into corneal epithelial cells in the simulated limbal stem cells(LSCs)microenvironment.METHODS: The hiPSC cell lines were established in vitro, and hiPSCs were co-cultured with corneal stromal cells in transwell system, which simulated the LSC microenvironment. Bone morphogenetic protein 4(BMP4)and a specific transforming growth factor β inhibitor(SB431542)were added to improve the differentiation efficacy. The expression of corneal epithelial cell-specific markers CK3 and CK12, corneal epithelial cell precursor CK15, and the limbal stem cell markers ABCG5 were determined by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry.RESULTS: The hiPSCs were actively proliferated in vitro, and immunofluorescence staining showed positive stem cell-specific markers OCT4, SOX2, TRA-1-60 and NANOG. Furthermore, hiPSCs co-cultured with corneal stromal cells exhibited LSCs markers ABCG5 and corneal epithelial cell precursor markers CK15 were positive; however, corneal epithelial cell markers CK3 and CK12 were negative. With the addition of BMP4 and SB431542, hiPSCs showed positive expression of CK3, and the CK3 expression increased over the time.CONCLUSION: With the addition of SB431542 and BMP4, hiPSCs cultured in simulated LSCs microenvironment could differentiate into corneal epithelial cells.

Objective:To investigate the application of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) quantitative techniques in evaluating myocardial involvement differences between new onset and longstanding systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients.Methods:From August 2020 to April 2023, 14 new onset and 15 longstanding SLE patients treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University were prospectively included as the study group. Additionally, 18 age-, gender-, body surface area-, and body mass index-matched healthy volunteers were included as the control group. Clinical baseline data, electrocardiograms, and CMR results including left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-systolic volume index (LVESVI), left ventricular end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVI), cardiac index (CI), left ventricular stroke volume index (LVSVI), left ventricular mass index (LVMI), myocardial strain, native T 1 values, and T 2 values were collected. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) or Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare the quantitative parameters among the three groups. Bonferroni correction was applied for pairwise group comparisons. Results:The native T 1 values [1 114.50 (1 089.33, 1 150.39) ms, 1 085.32 (1 051.31, 1 129.75) ms] and T 2 values [(55.9±3.4) ms, (53.3±1.5) ms] of new onset and longstanding SLE patients were higher than those of the healthy control group [native T 1 values 1052.62 (1024.75, 1077.59) ms, H=17.72, P<0.001; T 2 values (51.2±1.3) ms, F=18.70, P<0.001]. The T 2 values of the new onset SLE group was higher than that of the longstanding SLE group ( P<0.05). The LVEDVI[86.87 (80.80, 93.55) ml/m 2], LVSVI [54.63 (50.42, 59.03) ml/m 2], and LVMI [48.39 (41.65, 53.26) g/m 2] of the new onset SLE group were higher than those of the control group [LVEDVI: 71.11 (65.80, 81.28) ml/m 2, Z=3.02, P=0.003; LVSVI: 42.17 (40.36, 51.33) ml/m 2, Z=2.76, P=0.006; LVMI: 38.48 (35.22, 43.83) g/m 2, Z=3.10, P=0.002]. The LVEDVI and LVSVI of the new onset SLE group were also higher than those of the longstanding SLE group [LVEDVI: 73.30 (69.87, 84.71) ml/m 2, Z=1.97, P=0.048; LVSVI: 45.53 (42.28, 50.98) ml/m 2, Z=2.34, P=0.020]. Conclusion:Myocardial involvement is more severe in new onset SLE patients, whereas acute myocardial injury is alleviated in longstanding SLE patients. Therefore, early detection of cardiac involvement in SLE patients is crucial for improving prognosis.

Accurate classification of the acetabular injuries and appropriate treatment plan are great challenges for orthopedic surgeons because of the irregular anatomical structure of the acetabulum and aggregation of important vessels and nerves around it. Letournel-Judet classification system has been widely applied to classify acetabular fractures. However, there are several limitations, including incomplete inclusion of fracture types, difficulty in understanding and insufficient guidance for surgical treatment, etc. Serious complications such as traumatic arthritis are common due to wrong classification and diagnosis and improper selection of surgical strategy, which brings a heavy burden to the society and families. Three-column classification, based on anatomic characteristics, has advantages of containing more fracture types and being easy to understand, etc. To solve the problems existing in the diagnosis and treatment process based on Letournel-Judet classification, achieve accurate diagnosis and treatment of patients with acetabular fractures, and obtain satisfactory prognosis, the Orthopedic Trauma Emergency Center of Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University and the Trauma Orthopedic Branch of the Chinese Orthopedic Association organized experts from relevant fields to formulate the Expert consensus on the accurate diagnosis and treatment of acetabular fractures based on three-column classification ( version 2023) in terms of principles of evidence-based medicine. Based on the three-column classification, 15 recommendations were proposed, covering the diagnosis, treatment, complication prevention and management, etc, so as to provide reference for accurate diagnosis and treatment of acetabular fractures.

This study aims to analyze the biomechanical stability of Magic screw in the treatment of acetabular posterior column fractures by finite element analysis. A three-dimensional finite element model of the pelvis was established based on the computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of a volunteer and its effectiveness was verified. Then, the posterior column fracture model of the acetabulum was generated. The biomechanical stability of the four internal fixation models was compared. The 500 N force was applied to the upper surface of the sacrum to simulate human gravity. The maximum implant stresses of retrograde screw fixation, single-plate fixation, double-plate fixation and Magic screw fixation model in standing and sitting position were as follows: 114.10, 113.40 MPa; 58.93, 55.72 MPa; 58.76, 47.47 MPa; and 24.36, 27.50 MPa, respectively. The maximum stresses at the fracture end were as follows: 72.71, 70.51 MPa; 48.18, 22.80 MPa; 52.38, 27.14 MPa; and 34.05, 30.78 MPa, respectively. The fracture end displacement of the retrograde tension screw fixation model was the largest in both states, and the Magic screw had the smallest displacement variation in the standing state, but it was significantly higher than the two plate fixations in the sitting state. Magic screw can satisfy the biomechanical stability of posterior column fracture. Compared with traditional fixations, Magic screw has the advantages of more uniform stress distribution and less stress, and should be recommended.
Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bone Plates ; Bone Screws ; Finite Element Analysis ; Fracture Fixation, Internal/methods* ; Fractures, Bone/surgery* ; Humans ; Spinal Fractures

Severe patients with coronaviras disease 2019 (COVID-19) are characterized by persistent lung damage, causing respiratory failure, secondary circulatory changes and multiple organ dysfunction after virus invasion. Because of its dynamic, real-time, non-invasive, repeatable and other advantages, critical ultrasonography can be widely used in the diagnosis, assessment and guidance of treatment for severe patients. Based on the recommendations of critical care experts from all over the country who fight against the epidemic in Wuhan, this article summarizes the guidelines for the treatment of COVID-19 based on critical ultrasonography, hoping to provide help for the treatment of severe patients. The recommendations mainly cover the following aspects: (1) lung ultrasound in patients with COVID-19 is mainly manifested by thickened and irregular pleural lines, different types of B-lines, shred signs, and other consolidation like dynamic air bronchogram; (2) Echocardiography may show right heart dysfunction, diffuse cardiac function enhancement, stress cardiomyopathy, diffuse cardiac depression and other multiple abnormalities; (3) Critical ultrasonography helps with initiating early treatment in the suspect patient, screening confirmed patients after intensive care unit admission, early assessment of sudden critical events, rapid grading assessment and treatment based on it; (4) Critical ultrasonography helps to quickly screen for the etiology of respiratory failure in patients with COVID-19, make oxygen therapeutic strategy, guide the implementation of lung protective ventilation, graded management and precise off-ventilator; (5) Critical ultrasonography is helpful for assessing the circulatory status of patients with COVID-19, finding chronic cardiopulmonary diseases and guiding extracorporeal membrane oxygenation management; (6) Critical ultrasonography contributes to the management of organs besides based on cardiopulmonary oxygen transport; (7) Critical ultrasonography can help to improve the success of operation; (8) Critical ultrasonography can help to improve the safety and quality of nursing; (9) When performing critical ultrasonography for patients with COVID-19, it needs to implement three-level protection standard, pay attention to disinfect the machine and strictly obey the rules from nosocomial infection. (10) Telemedicine and artificial intelligence centered on critical ultrasonography may help to improve the efficiency of treatment for the patients with COVID-19. In the face of the global spread of the epidemic, all we can do is to share experience, build a defense line, We hope this recommendations can help COVID-19 patients therapy.

Objective To introduce an efficient way to orientate S1 iliosacral screw guide-pin verified by CT.Methods The pelvic axial CT data in DICOM format of 180 adults between July 2017 and June 2018 were retrieved from the database of Imaging Center,Luoyang Orthopaedic Hospital of Henan Province.The data were input into the software Mimics 20.0 to display the axial,coronal and sagittal sectional views of the pelvis.On the axial CT sectional view displaying the largest osseous pathway in the S1 segment,a virtual iliosacral screw and its virtual guide-pin were accurately placed into the sacral body in an oblique fashion.In the design of ideal insertion,the virtual screw and guide-pin were truly in the pelvic transverse plane when they were located exactly in the pelvic axial CT sectional view,and they intersected the outer iliac table at the start-point which restricted the guide-pin's location,and angulated with the pelvic coronal plane (represented by a line connecting the most dorsal points of bilateral ilia) at an angle (α) which limited the guide-pin's orientation.After three-dimensional pelvic models of the standard lateral sacral view and the pelvic outlet and inlet views in each patient were calculated,they were displayed in a transparent manner using the software,followed by the virtual insertion of the screw and guide-pin.After the start-point was established on the standard lateral sacral view,the guide-pin was orientated into the pelvic transverse plane and at the guide-pin's α angle relative to the pelvic coronal plane,and subsequently inserted into the ilium shallowly for stabilization.The pelvic outlet and inlet views were taken to judge the guide-pin's orientation.If fine orientation was verified,the guide-pin was advanced to its final position,followed by virtual insertion of an iliosacral screw over the guide-pin.After the virtual insertion was completed,the axial,coronal and sagittal CT sectional views of the pelvis were scrutinized to evaluate the accuracy of insertion.Results After all the guide-pins were orientated in the 180 adults (360 sides) on the true sacral lateral view according to the above way,their orientations on the pelvic outlet and inlet views were 100％ fine,leaving further adjustment unnecessary.The intraosseous insertions of the virtual screws and guide-pins were 100％ accurate and safe on the CT sectional images.Conclusion The way introduced here can theoretically guarantee accurate orientations of the guide-pin on the pelvic outlet and inlet views with no more complex guide-pin adjustments,assuring insertion accuracy and enhancing surgical efficiency.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical application effects of an iliac-crest-preserving iliac wing bone graft harvesting technique and the bone regenerative ability of the donor site after harvesting. Methods: From January 2016 to June 2017, a series of 39 patients including 28 men and 11 women aged between 16 and 59 y (35±13 y in average) were prospectively collected to treat bone defects using the iliac-crest-preserving iliac wing bone graft harvesting technique. The patient cohort included 38 ipsilateral and 1 bilateral bone harvests taken from 15 femoral fracture non-unions, 8 tibial fracture non-unions, 11 femoral head necroses (hip preserving surgery), 1 tuberculosis deriving hip arthritis with bone defect (total hip arthroplasty), 2 hip prosthesis loosenings (revision), and 2 proximal femoral benign tumors. All patients were treated through comprehensive surgeries containing autologous iliac bone grafting. The surgical time, blood loss, bone graft volume, 24 h post-operative visual analogue scale (VSA) at the iliac surgical site, complications, and bone regeneration of the donor site were documented and evaluated. Results: In the 39 patients (40 sides), the average surgical time was 25±4 min, average blood loss was 79±23 ml, average bone graft volume was 27±6 cm³. The average 24 h post-operative VAS at the iliac surgical site was 1.8±0.7 points. The VSA at the 6 week later and thereafter were 0 in all patients. The iliac incisions in 38 patients (39 sides) were healed uneventfully. However, seroma at the iliac surgical site emerged in 1 patient at the 6th post-operative day in the manner of serous exudation and was treated successfully with non-operative measures. None infections and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve injuries took place. Iatrogenic non-displaced iliac crest fractures happened in the very first 2 patients when taking the crest as a pivot to pry up the graft, which united without special cure at the 3 month post-operative. This complication was completely avoided when shifting the pivot to the anterior pillar containing the anterior iliac spines. None pelvic fractures and heterotopic ossifications took place. Post-operative radiographical examinations revealed that the bone defects at the donor site shrank through bone regeneration, that mamillary or canine-tooth-shaped bone formation occurred in some of the cases, and that none complete bone regeneration took place to eliminate the bone defect at the donor. There were 12 patients in whom pre- and post-operative computed tomographic scans necessitated by the disease were prescribed, which facilitated the measuring of the bone defect at the donor site. The measurement of 13 sides revealed that the bone defects were decreased more or less: the average immediate post-operative bone defect was 25.7±6.5 cm², the average 12 month post-operative bone defect was 12.7±5.3 cm². Conclusion The iliac wing bone graft harvesting technique suggested here is safe and less invasive, in the premise of preserving the iliac crest and retaining the figure of the surgical site, it can harvest a large amount of iliac wing bone graft and reserve the bone regenerative ability of the donor site

Objective To evaluate the safety and accuracy of modified percutaneous retrograde intramedullary screwing into the superior pubic ramus or anterior acetabular column for pelvic and acetabular injury.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted of the 23 patients with pelvic and acetabular injury who had been treated with modified percutaneous retrograde intramedullary screwing into the superior pubis ramus or anterior acetabular column from June 2015 to June 2017 in Luoyang Orthopaedic Hospital of Henan Province.They were 12 men and 11 women,aged from 22 to 88 years (mean,53 years).The injury included 17 pelvic fractures,4 acetabular fractures,and 2 acetabular plus pelvic fractures.The safety and accuracy of screwing were assessed by postoperative physical and imaging examinations.The number of fluoroscopy and operative time were documented for each retrograde intramedullary screwing into the pubic symphysis or acetabular anterior column.The quality of fracture reduction was evaluated by the Mata criteria postoperatively.The Majeed and the Harris scores were used to evaluate the functional recovery of the pelvis and acetabulum at the last follow-ups.Results A total of 31 intramedullary screws were placed in the 23 patients.For insertion of one screw,the operative time ranged from 15 to 50 min (average,35 min) and the number of fluoroseopy from 32 to 55 times (average,45 times).Postoperative physical examinations revealed no iatrogenic neurovascular lesion and uneventful healing of incisions in all the patients.Postoperative imaging examinations showed that 29 screws were located completely in the bone and 2 ones protruded the cortical bone of the pubic anterior border;all the screws did not protrude into the acetabulum or broke through the pubic symphysis or the pubic cortex.By the Matta criteria,the postoperative fracture reduction was rated as excellent in 17 cases,good in 5 and fair in one,giving an excellent to good rate of 95.7％.Of this series,19 were followed up for 6 to 24 months (mean,13 months).All the fractures healed after 3 months.The Majeed scores at the last follow-up for the 13 patients with pelvic fracture were excellent in 12 and good in one.The Harris scores at the last follow-up for the 6 patients with acetabular fracture (including the 2 with pelvic fracture) were excellent in 5 and fair in one.Conclusion The modified percutaneous retrograde intramedullary screwing into the superior pubic ramus or anterior acetabular column is safe,convenient and precise,effectiyely reducing radiation and operative time.

Critical ultrasonography(CUS) is different from the traditional diagnostic ultrasound,the examiner and interpreter of the image are critical care medicine physicians.The core content of CUS is to evaluate the pathophysiological changes of organs and systems and etiology changes.With the idea of critical care medicine as the soul,it can integrate the above information and clinical information,bedside real-time diagnosis and titration treatment,and evaluate the therapeutic effect so as to improve the outcome.CUS is a traditional technique which is applied as a new application method.The consensus of experts on critical ultrasonography in China released in 2016 put forward consensus suggestions on the concept,implementation and application of CUS.It should be further emphasized that the accurate and objective assessment and implementation of CUS requires the standardization of ultrasound image acquisition and the need to establish a CUS procedure.At the same time,the standardized training for CUS accepted by critical care medicine physicians requires the application of technical specifications,and the establishment of technical specifications is the basis for the quality control and continuous improvement of CUS.Chinese Critical Ultrasound Study Group and Critical Hemodynamic Therapy Collabration Group,based on the rich experience of clinical practice in critical care and research,combined with the essence of CUS,to learn the traditional ultrasonic essence,established the clinical application technical specifications of CUS,including in five parts:basic view and relevant indicators to obtain in CUS;basic norms for viscera organ assessment and special assessment;standardized processes and systematic inspection programs;examples of CUS applications;CUS training and the application of qualification certification.The establishment of applied technology standard is helpful for standardized training and clinical correct implementation.It is helpful for clinical evaluation and correct guidance treatment,and is also helpful for quality control and continuous improvement of CUS application.

Objective To reduce the incidence of portable moxibustion related burns through the implementation of nursing project.Methods Burn cases from January to June 2015 were retrospectively analyzed,and the solving strategy in this project was determined,which included revising the operating process of portable moxibustion and treatment process of burns;operating training and testing of portable moxibustion;institutionalizing management of moxibustion box and related items;popularizing portable moxibustion in different forms,and standard indicators were setted according to the operating characteristics.Results After the implementation of improved project,the evaluation rate before operation,the inspection rate in operation,the evaluation rate after operation and patients' awareness rate were all ≥ 80％,the nursing defect rate decreased from 68.95％ to 9.94％ (x2=720.38,P＜0.01);the incidence rate of portable moxibustion related burns decreased from 0.68‰ to 0.18‰ (x2 =5.14,P＜0.05).Conclusions Through the project,it can regulate the operation of portable moxibustion,and reduce the event of moxibustion related burns.