Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has become one of the most common liver diseases in the world.Considering the important role of insulin resistance in its pathogenic mechanisms,insulin sensitizers are becoming the promising pharmacological strategies for NAFLD.We collected and analyzed the relevant articles in recent years and found that pioglitazone,rosiglitazone and metformin could improve liver enzymes and insulin sensitivity of NAFLD.However,only pioglitazine was supported in ameliorating liver histology by envidences from randomized,double-blinded,controlled clinical trials.There were no much obvious adverse effects in NAFLD patients who received insulin senitizers.Small or medium samples and no more than 2 years of treatment course may be the major limitation of current studies.Future information derived from well-designed running trials will be useful in defining the clinical implications of insulin sensitizers in the treatment of NAFLD.

Based on theories of career guidance and refined management,this paper introduced the investigation and practice of refined career planning and guidance for pharmacy graduate students in Peking University,and puts forward some ideas to improve the career planning and guidance in the future.

ObjectiveTo explore the best measurement of waist circumference related with intra-abdominal fat volume evaluated by CT scan.MethodsHeight,weight,and hip circumference were measured among 147 subjects aged over 18 years old.Waist circumference was measured at 3 different levels:the upper brim of the iliac crest ( WC1 ),the midpoint between costal brim and iliac crest ( WC2 ),and the umbilicus ( WC3 ).The intra-abdominal fat volume was evaluated by CT scan.ResultsIntra-abdominal fat volume was significantly higher in men than in women [ ( 1 236.0±608.4 vs 931.0±665.0)cm3,P＜0.01 ].Correlation analysis showed that WC1 ( r =0.634),WC2( r=0.677),and WC3 (r =0.712)were positively correlated with intra-abdominal fat volume ( all P＜0.01 ).Partial correlation analysis adjusted by gender,weight,or body mass index showed that the correlation of intra-abdominal fat volume with WC3 ( r were 0.488 and 0.432) was better than that with WC1( r were 0.347 and 0.293 ) and WC2 ( r were 0.424 and 0.365 ).Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that WC2 and WC3 were independently associated with intra-abdominal fat volume and WC3 was the strongest impact factor (β =0.270,R2c =0.504,P＜0.01 ).ConclusionsWaist circumference is a simple anthropometric measurement parameter reflecting the degree of intraabdominal fat accumulation.All three different measurements of waist circumference may reflect intra-abdominal fat volume,while waist circumference at umbilical level is the best among them.

Objective To investigate the correlation between microalbuminuria (MAU) and obesity and its indexes, including BMI, waist circumference(WC), and waist-to-hip ratio(WHR) , among partial community population in Beijing. Methods A total of 2080 subjects who took physical examination in Beijing, including 810 men and 1270 women with a mean age of(50. 9 ± 13. 1 )years, were enrolled. The informed consent has been achieved from each patients. BMI and WHR were calculated based on collected data of height, weight, WC, and hipline. Urine albumin-creatinine ratio(ACR) within the range of 30-300mg/g was classified as MAU. The subjects were divided into normal albuminuria ( NAU ) group and MAU group. The correlations between MAU and different obesity indexes including BMI, WC and WHR, were analyzed. Results Among the 2080 subjects, there was a positive correlation between BMI (r = 0. 1276,P＜0.01) and ACR, and WC (r = 0.0840, P ＜0.01) and ACR. WHR and ACR was irrelevant ( P ＞ 0. 05 ). In univariate analysis, there was significant difference in BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2 ( OR = 2. 02 ) and WC ≥85 cm (male) or≥80 cm (female) (OR = 1.69 ) between NAU group and MAU group (P ＜ 0. 05 ).There was no significant difference in BMI 24-＜ 28 kg/m2, and WHR ≥0. 90 (male) or ≥0. 85 (female)between NAU group and MAU group( P≥0. 05 ). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that BMI ( OR = 1.06) was an isolated independent risk factor of MAU from age ( OR = 1.01 ), female ( OR = 1.42),systolic blood pressure (OR=1.01), TC (OR=1.93) and HDL-C (OR=0.54). Conclusions Obesity is an independent risk factor of MAU among partial community population in Beijing. The correlation between different obesity indexes and MAU also differs.

Objective To establish a sensitive and specific liquid chromatography method for the determination of loganin and morroniside in rat serum containing Liuwei Dihuang Formula(LDF).Methods Loganin and morroniside were extracted from the rat serum using SPE column,then separated on a C_(18)column.A HPLC method for determining serum concentration of mor- roniside and loganin in rats before and after administration LDF was established.Results A good linear calibration curve of lo- ganin and morroniside was obtained.The recovery of the method was in the range of 95 %～105 %.The extracted recovery was more than 75 % ,and within-day and intra-day precisions were less than 12 %.Conclusion This method is sensitive, simple and rapid for monitoring of drug level in the study on pharmacokinetics and different combination of LDF.

Objective To study the effect of different fraction interval with same total radiation dose on tumor growth delay and survival in C57BL mice implanted with lewis lung cancer,and to determine whether prolonged fraction interval will decrease the tumor response to radiation. Methods Forty-eight mice were implanted with lewis lung cancer in the back legs.When the diameter of transplanted tumor reached 0.8 to 1 cm,the mice were randomized into 6 groups:normal control group,single fraction of 18 Gy group,18 Gy in 2 fractions of 9 Gy at 30 min interval group,18 Gy in 7 fractions of 2.57 Gy at 5 min inter val group,18 Gy in 2 fractions of 9 Gy at 60 min interval group and 18 Gy in 7 fractions of 2.57 Gy at 10 rain interval group.The maximal and minimal diameters of the tumor were measured and record every other day to study the tumor growth tendency,the tumor growth delay and the mice survival time. Results The tumor growth delay of groups at prolonged fraction interval was shorter than the group with single fraction of 18 Gy (P < 0.05).The tumor growth delay of groups at fraction interval of 30 rain was longer than that of groups at interval of 60 rain (P < 0.05).There was no significant difference of the tumor growth delay be tween the groups with same delivery time (P >0.05).The mice survival time of the groups with prolonged fraction interval was shortened when omparing to the group with single fraction of 18 Gy.While the difference was not significant between the groups at fraction interval of 30 min and 60 min. Conclusions The pro longed fraction interval but same total radiation dose shortens the tumor growth delay and survival time in the mice implanted with Lewis lung cancer.The longer fraction interval impairs the tumor control more signifi candy.However the difference of the effect on mice survival time is not significant between the groups at fraction interval of 30 min and 60 min.

Based on the engineering practice, the sealed design of key nodes for high-level biosafety laboratories(BSL-3 and BSL-4 Laboratory) are introduced including the selection and assemblage of panel materials of building enclosure, a variety of channels through walls, and inflatable airtight doors and efficient exhaust filtration unit, which can solve the gastightness questions of building enclosure. The test results of model laboratory show that natural attenuation of the pres- sure is less than 250 Pa in 20 min when he indoor air pressure up to 500 Pa.

Objective To research the relationship between the gene polymorphism of serum amyloid A protein(SAA)1 and coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods By using PCR-RFLP and sequencing,the gene polymorphism of SAA1 of 183 patients with coronary heart disease and 152 healthy controls were analyzed.Result In the both groups 3 alleles(1.1,1.3,1.5)and 6 genotypes(1.1/1.1,1.1/1.5,1.1/1.3,1.3/1.3,1.3/1.5 and 1.5/1.5)were found.The frequency of 1.5 allele in healthy controls group was notably higher than that in CHD group(P

OBJECTIVE To analyze the prophylactic application of antibiotics during perioperative period in surgical department and provide the scientific basis for management and rational application of antibiotics.METHODS The rational use of antibiotics during perioperative period was evaluated based on antibiotics selection,usage,dosage,the first time of application,treatment course,and the percentage of antibiotic application for cleaning operation.RESULTS All of surgical operations were used antibiotics.As for the first time of application,the use rate of thirty minutes before operation was 4.1%,but nothing used before operation was 73.2%.The treatment period after operation within 3 days was 8.1%.Among all kinds of used antibiotics,the third generation of cephalosporin accounted for 49%,and quinolones for 25%.CONCLUSIONS There are still some problems about prophylactic application of antibiotics during perioperative period in surgical department in our hospital.It is necessary to standardize application of antibiotics during perioperative period.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the volatile components of Cladia aggregate by SPME-GC-MS. METHODS:The column was ZB-5 MSI 5% benzene-95% dimethylpolysiloxane fused silica capillary column,programmed temperature was heated from 5 ℃/min to 220 ℃(maintaining 2 min),detector was flame ionization detector,carrier gas was high purity He(99.999%),the column flow rate was 1.0 ml/min,vaporization room temperature was 250 ℃,splitless injection. MS conditions:ion source was electron ionization source,ionizing voltage was 70 eV, interface temperature was 280 ℃,ion source temperature was 230 ℃, quadrupole temperature was 150℃,emission current was 34.6μA,multiplier voltage was 1 502 V,solvent delay time was 1.5 min, and quality range was 30-500 amu. RESULTS:19 volatile chemical components were separated and identified from C. aggregate, mainly olefins an aldehydes,alcohols,ketones,furans oxygenated volatile chemical components,relative contents accounted for 63.55% to all chromatographic peaks in total ion chromatogram,in which,2,4-octadiene(29.66%),hexanal(5.93%),3-meth-yl-1,4-heptadiene(5.45%)and furan(4.65%)showed the highest contents. CONCLUSIONS:The study has basically made clear the main volatile components in C. aggregate,which provide certain scientific basis for further exploring C. aggregate.