Objective To evaluate the ability of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value in diagnosis of pancreatic cancer at 3.0T MR. Methods The diffusion-weigted sequences with b=800 s/mm~2 were performed in 30 patients of pancreatic cancer confirmed pathology, and in 30 control subjects with normal pancreas as well. ADC value of the cancer, pericancerous tissue and normal pancreas were recorded and statistically analyzed with ANOVA and ROC analysis. Results The mean ADC value of cancer, pericancerous tissue and normal pancreas was(1.494±0.273)×10~(-3) mm~2/s, (1.631±0.281)×10~(-3) mm~2/s and (1.778±0.237)×10~(-3) mm~2/s, respectively. ADC value of pancreatic cancer was significant different from that of the normal pancreas, while there was no significant difference between pancreatic cancer and pericancerous tissue. The one-side upper limit of 95% confidence interval of mean ADCs (1.622×10~(-3)mm~2/s)was adopted as the point to diagnosis of pancreatitis. The area under ROC curve was Az=0.800. Conclusion ADC values are helpful to differential diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and normal pancreas. DWI may be do some contribution to the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.

Objective To quantify the perfusion parameters of normal pancreas and pancreatic carcinoma with three-dimension (3D) fast spoiled gradient echo dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI on 3.0T MR system, and to assess the value of 3D DCE-MRI in the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma. Methods Thirty-four patients with pathology verified pancreatic carcinoma and 31 control subjects with normal pancreas (without pancreatic diseases) underwent DCE-MRI with 3D LAVA sequence of ten phases. The data were processed on ADW 4.2 workstation. The perfusion parameters of the head, body and tail of normal pancreas, together with lesion and non-lesion area of pancreatic carcinoma were measured and statistically analyzed, including signal enhancement ratio at 30 s after injection (SER_(30)), signal enhancement ratio at 90 s after injection(SER_(90)), positive enhancement integral (PEI), time to peak (TTP) and maximum slope of increase (MSI). Results There was no significant perfusion difference among head, body or tail of normal pancreas (P>0.05). The difference of SER_(30), PEI, TTP and MSI between lesion and non-lesion region of carcinous pancreas was significant (P<0.05). The TTP between normal pancreas and the non-lesion region of carcinous pancreas was significantly different (P<0.05). Conclusion Normal pancreas has no regional perfusion difference. The data from DCE-MRI provide reliable information for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, and for the assessment of the invasion of pancreatic carcinoma. The difference in TTP between the normal pancreas and non-lesion region of carcinous pancreas suggest the existing of potential lesions.

Objective To explore the changes of inflammatory factors in patients with different stage of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) ,and to study the changes of immune microenvironment in patients with RA .Methods The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor(TNF) ,interleukin‐10(IL‐10) ,interleukin‐6(IL‐6) ,interleukin‐1β(IL‐1β) and interleukin‐4(IL‐4) in patients with RA on ac‐tive stage(36 cases) ,patients with RA on remitting stage and healthy individuals (30 cases)were detected by using cytometric bead array .Results The serum levels of IL‐6 ,IL‐1βand TNF in active stage RA group were higher than those in control group and re‐mitting stage RA group ,while serum levels of IL‐4 and IL‐10 were lower than those in control group and remitting stage RA group , and the differences were statistically significant (P<0 .05) .The serum levels of IL‐6 and IL‐1βin remitting stage RA group were significantly higher than those in control group(P<0 .05) .There were no significant differences in levels of IL‐4 ,IL‐10 and TNF between remitting stage RA group and control group(P>0 .05) .As the disease develops ,except for IL‐6 which tended to be stable , the serum levels of IL‐4 and IL‐10 had a rising trend ,while serum levels of IL‐1βand TNF had a downward trend with the progres‐sion of RA .Conclusion There is an imbalance between Th1 and Th2 cytokines in patients with RA on active stage ,in which Th1 cytokines are dominantly expressed .Periodic detection of inflammatory factors according to the course of RA could provide a relia‐ble basis for the assessment of disease activity .

OBJECTIVETo analyze the imaging characteristics of hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) and their correlation with histopathological findings.

METHODSCT and MRI imaging and histopathological characteristics of five patients with hepatic EHE were retrospectively reviewed and the correlation of their imaging characteristics with pathological findings was analyzed.

RESULTSA total of 92 lesions were found in the 5 patients, all presenting with multiple nodules. All the 92 lesions were located within a 2-cm zone heneath the hepatic capsule, i.e., the shortest distance from the horder of lesions to the hepatic capsule. 28 of the 92 lesions showed the "capsular retraction" sign. 36 lesions were found in three patients receiving MRI. 77.8% of the 36 lesions demonstrated the "halo" sign on a fat-suppression T2- weighted image, while 91.7% after contrast enhancement. A peripheral dark rim was found in 91.7% of the lesions on a fat-suppression T2-weighted image. In addition, 36.1% of the lesions showed slight internal or edge enhancement at the hepatohiliary phase. In the two patients receiving CT examination, 7 of 56 lesions demonstrated the "halo" sign.

CONCLUSIONSHepatic EHE may manifest as nodular lesions with predilection of peripheral subcapsular growth and nodular confluence, together with "halo" sign and " capsular retraction". The peripheral dark rim on a fat-suppression T2-weighted image and slight enhancement at the hepatobiliary phase can help to improve the accuracy of diagnosis and differential diagnosis of this hepatic tumor. MRI is superior to CT imaging to denict their intra-lesional characteristics.

Hemangioendothelioma, Epithelioid ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Physical Examination ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUND: Uncontrolled-rate freezing in -80 ℃ refrigerator is convenient, while controlled-rate freezing in -196 ℃ liquid nitrogen is reliable and long-term, the combination of the two can simplify the process and has been successfully used in clinics. OBJECTIVE: To explore the influences of different cryoprotectants by ladder-style freezing from -80 ℃ low temperature refrigerator to liquid nitrogen on the cryopreservation of hemopoietic stem cells. METHODS: The experiments were divided into four groups: 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group, 5% DMSO combined with 3% hydroxyethyl starch group, 5% DMSO combined with 0.25 mol/L trehalose group, 5% DMSO combined with 3% hydroxyethyl starch and 0.25 mol/L trehalose group. Peripheral hemopoietic stem cells were cryopreserved by ladder-style freezing from -80 ℃ low temperature refrigerator to liquid nitrogen. The ultrastructural changes were examined by transmission electron microscopy, the expressions of Annexin-V, PI and Caspase-3 were detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in survival rate, apoptotic rate and necrotic rates of the cryopreserved cells in the four groups (P > 0.05). The ultrastructural changes had no significant difference under the transmission electron microscopy. The viability was more than 90% in frozen-thawed mononuclear cell colonies, and the apoptosis was roughly 50% in the frozen-thawed CD45+ cell population, which contained many mature cells. Of hemopoietic stem cells, early stage cells have greater resistance to damage of cryopreservation than late stage cells. It is concluded that the addition of hydroxyethyl starch or trehalose into DMSO exhibits no synergistic protective effect on the cryopreservation of hemopoietic stem cells.

Objective:To investigate the effects of acupuncture therapy on acute cerebral infarction. Methods: Eighty patients with acute cerebral infarction were randomly divided into a treatment group of 40 cases and a control group of 40 cases. Xuanzhong(GB 39)-through-Sanyinjiao(SP 6) acupuncture was performed as a main treatment. The curative effects were compared between the two groups and the sizes of cerebral infarct, between pretreatment and posttreatment after one course of treatment. Results: The total recovery rate was 88.5% in the treatment group and 57.5% in the control group after one course of treatment. There was a significant difference between the two(P<0.05). The rate of change in the infarct for the better was significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group. There was also a significant difference(P<0.05). Conclusion: This treatment is an effective method for lowering the rate of apoplectic disability and raising the cure rate.

ObjectiveTo investigate the characteristics of left ventricular structural damage in patients with primary aldosteronism(PA).MethodsA total of 438 inpatients with hypertension from January 2007 to June 2010 were screened for PA,and diagnosis was made in 213 PA patients and 225 patients with essential hypertension (EH).The left ventricular structure of all subjects was evaluated according to the results of echocardiographic measurements.Results The duration of hypertension and plasma aldosterone level in patients with PA were significantly higher (P＜ 0.01 ),while the serum potassium and plasma renin activity were significantly lower (P＜0.01 ) than those in patients with EH.The interventricular septum thickness,left ventricular end-diastolic dimension,left ventricular mass index (LVMI),left ventricular end-diastolic volume,and stroke volume in patients with PA were significantly higher than those in EH patients( P＜0.01 ) after the duration of hypertension was corrected.In patients with PA,the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was higher than that in EH patients ( 53.1％ vs 33.8 ％,x2 =16.57,P ＜ 0.01 ). Normal left ventricular geometry ( NG ),concentric remodeling ( CCR ),concentric hypertrophy( CCH),and eccentric hypertrophy (ECH) were found respectively in 24.9％,22.1％,22.1％,and 30.9％ of patients with PA.Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the seated plasma aldosterone level (β=0.43,P ＜ 0.01 ) and systolic blood pressure (β =0.45,P ＜ 0.01 ) were the main factors that influenced LVMI.The course was the main parameter that influenced relative wall thickness(β=0.011,P＜0.05 ).Conclusion The prevalence of LVH is higher in patients with PA than that in EH patients.The eccentric hypertrophy is the most common left ventricular geometrical pattern in patients with PA.

Objective To assess nutritional risks in children with allergic proctocolitis induced by cow milk protein,and to observe the effects of the feeding strategies for them with different interventions in feeding,and then to identify the best time and the best way to modify feeding strategies according to different individual.Methods The effectiveness of different feeding interventions was retrospectively analyzed after 2 weeks in 171 cases with allergic proctocolitis induced by cow milk protein in Hunan Children's Hospital during the period of Jan.2012 to Jul.2013.Thirty-two cases received breast feeding (18.7％) and 139 cases received non-breast feeding (81.3％).Intervention methods:32cases with breast feeding received the same feeding method;among 139 babies with non-breast feeding group,36 were plus free amino acid (AAF) (21.1％),and 103 were plus the extensively hydrolyzed formula (eHF).The intervention formula changes were observed in 8,12 and 24 weeks,respectively,and nutritional risks in 0,3,6 months were assessed,respectively.Results There were 171 patients totally,male to female ratio was 1.5 to 1.0,and the average age was (4.1 ± 1.3) months.After 2 weeks,147 cases were notably effective,accounting for 86％,and in the breast feeding group 79.2％ of the patients were notably effective,and there was no significance compared with the AAF group and eHF group (P ＞ 0.05).The intervention formulation changes during the following 6 months were as follows:in 8 weeks,30 cases in the breast feeding group breastfeeding continued,2 cases turned to eHF feeding for the lack of breast milk,21 cases were fed with AAF (12.3％),85 cases with eHF (49.7％),and 35 cases with moderately hydrolyzed formula (20.5％) ;in 12 weeks:23 cases had breast feeding (13.5％),16 cases were fed with free amino acid formula powder (9.4％),56 cases with extensively hydrolyzed formula (32.7％),and 76 cases with moderately hydrolyzed formula (44.4％) ;in 24 weeks:21 cases (12.3％) had breast feeding,7 cases were fed with AAF(4.1％),13 cases with moderately hydrolyzed formula(7.6％),and 130 cases with normal formula(76.0％).The mean levels of the nutritional risks were assessed according to STAMP in 0,3,6 months respectively:breast feeding group [(1.69 ± 0.78) scores,(1.50 ± 0.88) scores,(1.53 ± 0.67) scores,P ＞ 0.05] ; AAF group [(1.72 ± 0.78) scores,(1.53 ± 0.88) scores,(1.53 ± 0.65) scores,P ＞ 0.05] ; eHF group [(1.80 ± 0.69) scores,(1.68 ± 0.68) scores,(1.66 ± 0.65) scores,P ＞ 0.05].Conclusions The nutrition risk levels in children with milk protein allergic proctocolitis are low,and different feeding interventions according to tolerance had no impact on the nutritional status ; Breast feeding could effectively avoid cow milk allergy,and symptoms of the children with allergic proctocolitis would be relieved after 2-week intervention,and more than half of children could gain part of immune tolerance after intervention for 3 months or more,so for the children with allergic proctocolitis induced by cow milk protein,routine formula feeding should be stopped after 3 months,and individualized feeding intervention can be carried out according to immune tolerance to relieve the financial burden.

Objective To investigate the changes of IL‐1β,IL‐2 ,IL‐4 ,IL‐6 ,IL‐10 and INF‐γexpressions in bone marrow of chro‐nic myeloid leukemia(CML)patients .Methods The IL‐1β,IL‐2 ,IL‐4 ,IL‐6 ,IL‐10 and INF‐γexpression levels were detected by u‐sing flow cytometry in 30 cases of CML chronic phase(CML‐CP) ,21 cases of CML accelerated phase(CML‐AP) ,15 cases of CML blastic phase(CML‐BP) ,42 cases of CML remission after treatment and 7 cases of non‐remission .Then the detection results were compared with those in the control group .Results The expression levels of INF‐γ and IL‐2 in each CML groups were lower than those in the control group(P<0 .05) ,while the expression levels of IL‐1β,IL‐4 ,IL‐6 and IL‐10 were higher than those in the con‐trol group(P<0 .05) .With the disease condition progression ,the INF‐γand IL‐2 levels were gradually decreased ,i .e .,CML‐BPCML‐AP> CML‐CP ,the difference among groups had statistical significance (P<0 .05) .After complete remission by treatment ,the INF‐γand IL‐2 levels were risen to some extent ,but which were still lower than those in the control group(P<0 .01) ,the expression levels of IL‐1β,IL‐4 ,IL‐6 and IL‐10 were decreased to some extent ,but likewise were higher than those in CML‐CP(P< 0 .05);the levels of IL‐1β,IL‐4 ,IL‐6 ,IL‐10 ,IL‐2 and INF‐γ had no statistical difference between the non‐remission group and CML‐BP group(P>0 .05) .Conclusion The changes of serum cytokines in bone marrow microenvironment of CMLpatients have certain significance to the occurrence ,development and prognosis of CML ;the de‐tection of IL‐1β,IL‐2 ,IL‐4 ,IL‐6 ,IL‐10 and INF‐γlevels in bone marrow is hopeful to provide new ideas and theoretical basis for im‐mune therapy and prognosis judgment of CML patients .

Objective To investigate the expression of macrophages in the bone marrow of chronic lympho-cytic leukemia (CLL) patients and its clinical significance in the pathogenesis of CLL .Methods Fifty-eight patients with newly diagnosed CLL were selected ,including 24 cases of Binet A ,19 cases of Binet B ,15 cases of Binet C ,and 20 patients with iron deficiency anemia were selected as control group .Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of CD68+ (M1+M2 type) and CD163 (M2 type) in CLL patients . The expression differences in bone marrow tissues of CLL patients at different stages were compared . Results The numbers of CD68+ and CD163+ cells in CLL group were significantly higher than those in con-trol group (P<0 .05) ,while those in Binet C stage patients were higher than in Binet B stage patients (P<0 .05) and those in Binet B stage patients were higher than in Binet A stage patients (P<0 .05) .The progres-sion of CLL was positively correlated with the infiltration density of CD 163+ cells (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Macrophages have a high density of infiltration in the bone marrow of CLL patients ,and the infiltration densi-ty varies in different periods of CLL .With the progresses of the disease ,macrophages infiltrated into bone marrow gradually polarize to M 2 type ,w hich is relevant with the course of CLL progress .