Objective To explore the influence of salinomycin in the growth, apoptosis and invasion of human bladder cancer 5637 cells,and to clarify its possible mechanism.Methods The human bladder cancer 5637 cells cultured invitro at logarithmic growth phase were divided into control group and different doses of salinomycin(15, 30 and 60μmol·L-1 )groups.The inhibitory rate of the growth of 5637 cells in various groups was measured by MTT assay. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptotic rates of 5637 cells in various groups. The invasiveness of 5637 cells was tested by Matrigel Invasion Assay.The expression levels ofβ-catenin protein in 5637 cells in various groups were determined by Western blotting method. Results Compared with control group,the inhibitory rates of growth of human bladder cancer 5637 cells in different doses of salinomycin groups were increased significantly(P<0.05);the apoptotic rates were increased(P<0.05).the number of cells passed the Matrigel was decreased(P<0.05),and the expression level ofβ-catenin protein was decreased (P<0.05).Compared with low dose of salinomycin group,the inhibitory rate of growth of 5637 cells in high dose of salinomycin group was increased(P<0.05);the apoptotic rate was increased(P<0.05),the number of cells passed the Matrigel was decreased (P < 0.05 ), and the expression levels of β-catenin protein was decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion Salinomycin can inhibit the growth of 5637 cells significantly,increase the apoptosis,and decrease the cell invasion;the inhibitory effect may act by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

BACKGROUND:Numerous studies have demonstrated that the use of periodontal tissue-guided regeneration technique significantly elevated success rate of immediate technical planting. No significant difference is detected as compared with the delayed planting success rate in the clinic. OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical effects of immediate implant and delayed implant in the restoration of anterior teeth. METHODS:A total of 100 cases with former dental implants, who had 160 diseased teeth, were enroled in this study. They were divided into experimental and control groups according to the principle of random pairing. In the experimental group, the implant was put into the extraction sockets after minimaly invasive tooth extraction with the use of periodontal guided tissue regeneration technique. In the control group, at 3 months after minimaly invasive tooth extraction, implant was implanted in the sockets. Delayed planting repair of denture in the missing teeth area was performed with the use of periodontal guided tissue regeneration technique. Crown restoration was conducted in both groups at 3 months after implantation. Aesthetics, periodontal pocket depth and implant success rate were compared after repair in both groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Gingival esthetics score was better at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after repair in the experimental group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Periodontal pocket depth was less at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after repair in the experimental group than in the control group (P < 0.05). No significant difference in success rate of implants was detected at 12 months after repair between both groups (P> 0.05). Above findings confirmed that aesthetic effect, treatment cycle, and the health of periodontal tissue were better in the immediate implanting group than in the delayed implanting group. However, no significant difference in success rate was detected between immediate implanting and delayed implanting groups.

BACKGROUND:A large amount of apicocoronal and buccolingual bone resorption occur in alveolar bone after tooth extraction, leading to the distinct shortage of bone mass of alveolar bone in tooth-missing area, which has a certain effect on the stability of early implantation and postoperative aesthetic outcomes and greatly affects the long-term success rate of denture implantation. Therefore, immediate-delayed implantation can shorten the time of repair. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of implant repair after immediate-delayed implantation and application of guided bone regeneration technique in anterior maxila area. METHODS:Nineteen patients (28 teeth lost) with maxilary anterior tooth loss and labial one-waled bone defects were selected. Twenty-eight OSSTEM implants were implanted at 4 weeks after tooth extraction. Guided bone regeneration technique was applied concurrently in labial bone defect area. The secondary repair was performed after 6 months. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The success rate of these 28 implants was 100% at 24 months after denture implantation. The peri-implant bone height loss at 6, 12 and 24 months was 0.1, 0.6 and 0.11 mm, respectively. Red aesthetic scores were satisfactory. Immediate-delayed implantation combined with application of guided bone regeneration technique for treatment of maxilary anterior tooth loss and mild bone defect can restore the height and width of peri-implant bone and acquire stable vertical bone resorption and satisfactory gingival aesthetic outcomes .

Objective To investigate the effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibition on the down-regulation of adiponectin (ADPN) in mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes by advanced glycation end-products (AGEs).Methods AGEs were prepared for incubating with cell.3T3-L1 preadipocytes were cultured in vitro and differentiated into mature adipocytes.Cell differentiation and lipid accumulation were determined by oil red O staining.After being intervened with AGEs,2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) was used as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) capture agent and the fluorescent intensity of 2',7 '-dichlorofluorescein (DCF) was detected by flow cytometry.Adiponectin expression under AGEs in 3T3-L1 adipocytes pretreated with N-acetyl-L-cysteine(NAC) or not was detected by real-time fluorescent PCR and ELISA.Results The level of ROS in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with AGEs was increased.mRNA and protein of ADPN were down-regulated.After inhibition with ROS,mRNA and protein expressions of ADPN injured by AGEs were ameliorated.Conclusion Exposure of 3T3-L1 adipocytes to AGEs induces oxidative stress in vitro,which decreases the expression of ADPN,and causes functional impairment of adipose cells and insulin resistance.

Objective:To explore the intervention effect of proteasome inhibitor MG132 in rats with collagen-induced arthritis(CIA),which resembles human rheumatoid arthritis(RA).Methods:Forty-eight female SD rats were randomly divided into three groups,including blank control group,CIA model group and MG132-treated group.There were sixteen rats in each group.Rats in CIA model group and MG132-treated model group were injected with type Ⅱ collagen to established CIA rats.21 days after the initial immunization,the rats in the MG132-treated model group were injected subcutaneously with 1 mg/kg MG132 once daily for 2 weeks.42 days after the initial immunization,the change of paw-swelling and the arthritis scores were determined.The synovial pathology examination was performed with HE staining.The 20S proteasome activity in synovial tissue was measured by fluorescence substrate assay.The expression of NF-κB/p65,IκBα in synovial tissue were analyzed by Western blot.Results:Proteasome inhibitor MG132 significantly attenuated the severity of arthritis and histopathological changes in CIA rats.Compared with the blank control group,the 20S proteasome activity was increased significantly in the CIA model group(P<0.05),and decreased after injection of MG132.Compared with CIA rats,the expression of NF-κB/p65 significantly decreased in rats treated with MG132(P<0.01).Compared with the blank control group,the expression of IκBα protein decreased in CIA model group.After injected with MG132,the protein was significantly increased(P<0.01).Conclusion:The proteasome inhibitor MG132 may attenuates the severity of arthritis and histopathological changes in CIA rats.These effects may be mediated through the inhibition of NF-κB activity.

Objective To investigate the effects of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on NADPH oxidase expression in rats′ pancreatic cells. Methods Isets of rats were isolated and intervened with AGEs for certain times (2, 12, 24, 48 h). The Nox2 mRNA expression was assayed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Real-time PCR. NADPH oxidase activity was detected by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence. Results Nox2 mRNA level was 1.75, 2.31-fold higher in AGEs intervened group than control at 12 h and 24 h respectively. The NADPH oxidase activity was increased by AGEs stimulation in a time dependent manner. A distinct peak was at 24 hours and then with a decline , which is still higher than that of the control. Conclusion Exposure of rat islet to AGEs induces NADPH oxidase expression and leads to injury of islet.

BACKGROUND: Short dental implants have been widely used in the posterior area when one tooth loses. How effective is it when we use the short implants in the rigid fixed bridge for the multiple teeth lost area?OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical effect of short dental implants used in the rigid fixed bridge.METHODS: Forty-three patients with multiple missing teeth were enrolled and underwent the rigid fixed bridge supported by short dental implants, including 26 males and 17 females, with an age range of 44-67 years. After 2 years of dental implantation, the success rate of dental implants, amount of alveolar bone loss and dental implant-related complication were followed up.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 92 short dental implants, 6-8 mm in length, were implanted,including 44 in the maxilla and 48 in the mandible. There were two cases of peri-implantitis and the success rate of implants was 97.8%. There was no significant difference in the amount of alveolar bone loss between the 8 mm, 7 mm and 6 mm length implants as well as between the C/I ≤ 1, 1 < C/I ≤2, C/I > 2 groups at 1-2 years after implantation. There were four cases of central screw loose and one case of porcelain fracture after restoration. To conclude, the clinical use of short dental implants in the rigid fixed bridge has achieved good outcomes during the short period, but long-term observation is needed.

To investigate the effects of hypoxia chemically induced by CoCl2 on the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 ( MCP-1 ) in mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes.3T3-L1 preadipocytes were cultured in vitro and differentiated into the matured adipocytes.Cell differentiation and lipid accumulation was determined by Oil Red O staining.CoCl2 was used as a chemical hypoxia-inducible reagent to mimic hypoxic microenvironment.The effect of CoCl2 on cell viability was estimated by MTT assay.Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α) expression under hypoxia was detected by realtime fluorescent PCR and Western blot,while MCP-1 expression was detected by real-time fluorescent PCR and ELISA.CoCl2 induced hypoxia led to a marked recruitment of HIF-1α in mouse 3T3-L1adipocytes.Similarly,both mRNA and protein levels of MCP-1 were up-regulated.Exposure of 3T3-L1 adipocytes to CoCl2 induced hypoxic microenvironment in vitro,and hypoxic induction of MCP-1 expression and secretion may be mediated by HIF-1 α and may contribute to chronic low grade inflammation in adipose tissue.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies showed that the prevalence and extent of carotid artery stenosis increased with thedevelopment of coronary artery disease. There was a higher incidence of intracranial small-vessel disease, but lower of carotid artery disease in the Chinese stroke patients as compared with the white.OBJ ECTIVE: To observe the distribution of carotid and intracranial artery stenosis in patients with 3-vessel coronary artery disease.DESIGN: An observational study.SETTING: Department of Neurology; Heart Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University.PARTICIPANTS: From August 2003 to August 2004, The coronary angiography was performed in the outpatients and inpatients suspected to be coronary arteriosclerotic cardiopathy in the Department of Neurology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, and 126 patients of them with 3-vessel diseases were examined with carotid arteriography, including 56 males and 70 females, 47-76 years of age. Informed contents were obtained from all the participants.METHODS: Digital substraction angiography (DSA) was performed immediately after coronary angiography in the 126patients. All catheterizations were performed through a transfemoral approach using the Seldinger technique, and thenan appropriate amount of nonionic Ominipaque was injected. The angiography of bilateral carotid arteries, subclavian artery, or vertebral artery was taken from different angles. The percentage of stenosis was calculated directly from DSAmachine. Evaluative standards: Based on the stenosis degree from carotid angiography results, the patients were divided into 5 categories as normal, mild stenosis, moderate stenosis, severe stenosis and complete occlusion.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Severity of carotid stenosis.RESULTS: All the 126 patients were involved in the final analysis of results. There were 13 (10.32%), 18 (14.29%), 12(9.5%), or 10 (7.9%) patients found to have mild, moderate, severe carotid stenosis, or complete occlusion, and the incidences of these changes were fairly similar. However, the incidence of angiographic carotid stenosis coupled with 3-vessel carotid artery disease was 42.06%.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of carotid stenosis in patients with 3-vessel carotid artery disease was as high in the Chinese population as that in Westem countries. In patients with 3-vessel disease, the prevalence of carotid stenosis was higher than that of intracranial artery stenosis, thus they may require both coronary and carotid interventions.

Objective To compare the disinfection efficacy of different disinfectants on dental unit waterlines (DUWLs). Methods 18 sets of DUWLs were randomly divided into 4 groups,and disinfected or treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 )disinfectant,sodium hypochlorite (NaClO)disinfectant,hydrogen peroxide silver ion disinfectant(Sanosil),and distilled water (DW)respectively.Water specimens from triple syringes and high-speed handpieces were taken,bacterial count before and after disinfection were compared.Results Before disinfection,no significant differences in bacterial counts were found among four groups (all P >0.05),bacterial counts of DUWLs of all groups severely exceeded the standard(all>3 000 CFU/mL).After disinfection,except DW group,bacterial counts of DUWLs of the other groups declined dramat-ically (all <100 CFU/mL),bacterial count after disinfection were all obviously lower than before disinfection (all P <0.001 ).One week after disinfection,bacterial counts among three disinfectant groups in different time periods were statisti-cally different (triple syringes:Day1—Day5,all P <0.05;high-speed handpieces:Day2,Day3 and Day5,all P <0.05). Day3 after disinfection of triple syringes by H2 O2 and NaClO,Day4 after disinfection of high-speed handpieces by H2 O2 and NaClO,and Day5 of triple syringes and high-speed handpieces by Sanosil all exceeded the standard of Center for Disease Control and Prevention of America.One week after disinfection,bacterial counts of three disinfection groups all exceeded or approximated to that before disinfection.Conclusion Three types of disinfectants can all effectively reduce bacterial load in DUWLs.Compared with other disinfectants,Sanosil has advantage of inhibiting bacterial growth after disinfection.