Objective To assess the effects of tegaserod on rat with visceral hypersensitivity. Methods Neonatal SD rats were randomized to receive colonic acetic acid irritation between postnatal days 8 and 21 as visceral hypersensitive model (Group H) or by saline intrarectally as control group (Group C). While rats were grown-up, rectal distention (RD) was performed by a balloon rapidly inflated with increasing volumes of saline (0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 ml) for 20 seconds at five-minute intervals. The 5 subgroups of Group H were injected randomly with saline, vehicle (1-methyl-2-thpyrrolidone) or tegaserod at doses of 0.1, 0.3 and 1 mg/kg i.p., respectively. The 2 subgroups of Group C were injected with saline or tegaserod at dose of 1 mg/kg i.p.. RD was performed 10 min after injection and abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) was recorded, and then c-Fos expression in spinal cord (L6-S1) was analyzed quantitatively by immunohistochemistry. Results 1) Compared to saline, vehicle did not affect AWR and c-Fos expression. 2) Compared to saline, tegaserod significantly (P

0.20), but decreased the number of nNOS positive cells in central canal (79% of H saline, P

Objective To observe the role of mulberry flavone on the expression of insulin receptor substrate(IRS)in HepG2 cells with insulin resistance, and to explore the possible molecular mechanism that mulberry flavone improves insulin resistance. Methods HepG2 cells were cultured to establish insulin-resistance cell model in high concentration of insulin, and then incubated with mulberry flavone. Effect of mulberry flavone on the HepG2 cell model of glucose incorporation rate was observed. Western blot was used to observe the variety of IRS protein expression. Results Mulberry flavone increased the glucose incorporation rate of (33. 9 ± 1.0)higher than that of Conclusions Mulberry flavone can improve insulin resistance. Furthermore, IRS protein expression increasing is the possible molecular mechanism that mulberry flavone improves insulin resistance.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of the patients with dermatomyositis (DM)complicated with interstitial lung disease(ILD).Methods The clinical manifestations and the laboratory data of the 20 patients with DM complicated with ILD were retrospectively analyzed.Results Among 169 DM patients,20(11.8％)were founded with ILD and 4 had no complaint of respiratory system.The ratio of male to female was 1∶2.33.The level of serum creatine kinase(CK)was elevated in 11 cases.Anti-Jo-1 antibody was positive in 4 cases.Bilateral infiltrates including ground-glass attenuation,interlobular septal thickening and reticular opacities were found by chest high resolution computed tomography.The impairment of lung function was manifested as the decreased diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide of the lung(DLCO)and restricted ventilatory function abnormalities.Fifteen cases showed hypoxemia or respiratory failure by arterial blood gas analysis.All patients were treated with glucocorticoid and/or immunosuppressive agents.Totally,14 patients had improved,while 2 patients with no improvement and 4 patients died with a mortality of 20％.Conclusions DM complicated with ILD which is easily missed has a high morbidity and mortality.The understanding of DM complicated with ILD should be enhanced,thus early diagnosis and intervention could be performed for better prognosis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the association of bacterial translocation (BT) with cachexia and its impact on the outcome of gastric cancer patients.MethodsSixty cachectic gastric cancer patients,50 age- and sex-matched non-cachectic gastric cancer patients,and 55 healthy controls were enrolled in this study between January 2008 and July 2009.Polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect bacterial DNA in the peripheral blood of cancer patients and healthy controls,Cytokine levels were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Flow cytometry was used to detect immune indicators.All the enrolled patients were followed up for two years,and the two-year survival rate was calculated.ResultsThe BT ratio was significantly higher in cachectic patients than in non-cachectic patients (25.0％ vs.8.0％,P =0.019) and healthy controls (25.0％ vs.0.0％,P =0.000).BT-positive cachectic patients had significantly higher levels of IL-1α,IL-6,TNF-α,and IFN-γ compared with BT-negative cachectic patients ( P =0.012,0.003,0.036,and 0.017,respectively ) and BT-positive non-cachectic patients ( P =0.011,0.034,0.000,and 0.022,respectively).The two-year survival rate in BT-positive cachectic patients was significantly lower than in BT-negative cachectic patients (P =0.023 ).The levels of CD3 +T,CD4+ T,natural killer cells,and CD4 + T/CD8 + T in gastric cancer patients were significantly lower than in healthy controls ( P =0.023,0.031,0.016,0.041,respectively),whereas CD8 + T level was significantly higher in gastric cancer patients than in healthy controls (P =0.038).ConclusionBT may contribute to the development of cancer cachexia and influence the long-term survival of locally advanced gastric cancer patients.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between severity of airway obstruction and peripheral arterial stiffness in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods 81 COPD patients [aged (78.32 ± 6.98)yrs,73 males,8 females] from Jan 2008 to Oct 2012 were enrolledin Geriatric Department of Peking University First Hospital.All patients underwent spirometry and Holter evaluation,while age,sex,BMI,smoking pack-years,medical history,blood levels of lipid profiles,glucose,high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP)and arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2)were recorded.The severity of airway obstruction was evaluated by spirometry.The patients were divided into two groups:mild/moderate group [forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1％) predicted ≥ 50 ％,n=51] and severe group (FEV1％ predicted ＜ 50％,n=30).24-hour average heart rate (HR)was assessed by holter.Arterial stiffness was assessed by the brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV).The baPWV increment was considered to be a direct witness of arterial stiffness increase.Blood levels of lipid profiles,glucose,arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2)and hsCRP were compared between the two groups.Results Age,gender,smoking index,medical history of the two groups were matched.BMI was less in severe group than in mild/moderate group [(22.8± 4.2) kg/m2 vs.(25.3± 3.2) kg/m2,t=3.017,P＜0.05].24-hour average HR was higher in severe group than in mild/moderate group [(77.4± 12.7)bpm vs.(70.8± 9.6)bpm,t=-2.602,P＜0.05].The PaO2 was lower in severe group than in mild/moderate group [(74.6±13.0)mmHg vs.(82.4± 13.1)mmHg,t=2.456,P＜0.05].There were no differences in blood lipid profile and glucose levels between the two groups.76 patients (93.4％)were detected with peripheral arterial stiffness by baPWV＞14.00 m/s.baPWV was significantly increased in severe group as compared with mild/moderate group [(20.77 ± 3.71) m/s vs.(18.84 ± 1.88) m/s,t=-2.109,P＜0.05].hsCRP was significantly higher in severe group than in mild/moderate group [[(6.51±5.66)mg/L vs.(3.27±3.34)mg/L,t=-2.658,P＜0.01].Conclusions The morbidity of peripheral arterial stiffness is increased in patients with COPD.Progression of arterial stiffness is related to the severity of airway obstruction,which may be related to chronic inflammation,hypoxia,or excessive sympathetic activation.

Objective To study the role of human carcinoembryonic antigen-related cellular adhesion molecule 1 (hCEACAM1)in mediating the specific adhesion of N. gonorrhoeae to its human host cells.Methods A recombinant eukaryotic expression vector pCDPGICEA1 was constructed by putting hCEACAM1 cDNA behind both hCD46 promoter and rabbit β-globulin intron 2,and with which,the COS-1 cells were transfected. Following G418 selection, the COS-1 cells expressing hCEACAM1 were sorted out with flow cytometry. The adhesion of N. gonorrhoeae to the gene transfected COS-1 cells was analyzed with bacterial binding assay. Results hCEACAM1 cDNA could be expressed effectively under the direction of hCD46 promoter and rabbit β-globulin intron 2,and N. gonorrhoeae could adhere to COS-1 cells expressing hCEACAM1. Conclusion hCEACAM1 can mediate the adhesion of N. gonorrhoeae to animal originated COS-1 cells. thus its transgenic mice may be used as a novel animal model for studying N. gonorrhoeae infection.

Objective To establishthe sensitivity indexes system for estimating nursing quality which conforms to China's national conditions and have the certain representative among the whole country. Methods After usingStructure-process-outcome as the theoretical framework and surveying the literatures domestic and abroad,a total of 42 nursing management experts from 30 provinces were consulted by the Delphi method,including symposium and two rounds of questionnaire consultation. Results The authority coefficient of the two rounds consultation were 0.89 and 0.91,familiarity coefficient were 0.86 and 0.88 respectively,and the coordination coefficient of expert opinion were 0.20 and 0.25. The sensitivity indexes system for estimating nursing qualityconsists of two level index systems,which were divided into three first level indexes and seven second level indexes. The first level index in-cluded nursing manpower allocation,nursing safety and nursing events,while the second level index includes nurse-inpatient ratio,accuracy rate of identification,the number of medication error events,the number of blood transfusion error events,the number of specimen error events,the number of drug extravasation events and high-risk patient falls (falling bed) incidence. Conclusion The results of this study are reliable. There is a clear definition and interpreta-tion of sensitivity indexes for estimating nursing quality and index monitoring is operable.

Objective To detect levels of C?X?C chemokine receptor type 5 (CXCR5) and inducible costimulator(ICOS)in blister fluid of patients with bullous pemphigoid(BP), and to explore their significance in the pathogenesis of BP. Methods Blister fluid samples were collected from 15 patients with BP(experimental group)and 15 patients with second?degree burns(control group). Enzyme?linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was performed to detect the levels of CXCR5 and ICOS in the 2 groups. Results The level of CXCR5 was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group(219 ± 145.31 vs. 147 ± 23.83 ng/L, t=4.577, P<0.05), while no significant difference in the ICOS level was observed between the 2 groups (30.18 ± 14.86 vs. 21.43 ± 5.32 ng/L, t = 1.628, P > 0.05). Conclusion The expression of CXCR5 may be associated with the occurrence of BP, but further researches are needed to determine the relationship between ICOS and the occurrence of BP.

Objective To study the role of the outer membrane protein Rmp of Neisseria gonor-rhoeae strain in immunosuppression and the strategy of eliminating it .Methods The rmp gene of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain was amplified by PCR and inserted into pMD 19-T vector .The recombinant vector pMD 19△rmp∷Kan containing Kan and the 5′-and 3′-flanking regions of rmp (△rmp∷Kan) was constructed by replacing 200 nucleotide residues of pMD 19-rmp with kanamycin resistance gene Kan and transformed into Neisseria gonorrhoeae WHO-A strain.PCR and Western blot assay were used to screen and identify the re-combinant mutant strains that could not express Rmp .Mice were immunized with mutant strains and bacteri-cidal activities of the immune sera were detected by antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity assay.Results The mutant strains that could not encode Rmp were successfully constructed .Antibodies in-duced by mutant strains showed stronger bactericidal activity against Neisseria gonorrhoeae in comparison with those induced by wild strains .Conclusion The recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain with rmp gene de-letion might eliminate the immunosuppressive effects of Rmp expressed in wild gonococcal strains , which provides a reference for further development of novel live attenuated whole-cell vaccines of Neisseria gonor-rhoeae.