Retrovirus (RV), a major pathogen in acute gastroenteritis in children that may lead to severe disease and heavy burdens on national economy. There is no speciifc drug treatment for the gastroenteritis caused by RV, and vaccine has been identiifed as the most effective intervention to control the associated disease burden. The RV vaccine showed differential effects on different RV infection. In China, epidemiology of RV is more complex hence demands more epidemiologic studies. In this article, we will review the epidemiology of RV in China and further discuss the importance of generalized RV vaccine.

O bjective Different degrees of oxidative stress may exist in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM).The aim of this study was to explore the roles of oxidative stress and the level of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF) in the development and progression of DM in the rat model of type 1 DM (T1DM). Methods We established the T1DM model in 23 male SD rats and in-cluded another 17 in the control group .We determined the total anti-oxidation capacity ( T-AOC) and the levels of super-oxide dis-mutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) by chromatometry, and measured that of VEGF by ELISA. Results At 7 weeks after modeling, the level of fasting blood glucose(FBG) was significantly increased in the T1DM rats as com-pared with the controls ([23.01 ±3.62] vs [5.08 ±0.46] mmol/L, P<0.05); the levels of GSH and SOD were markedly lower (18.8 [0.36] vs [3.82 ±1.05] g/L and [192.06 ±34.57] vs [242.37 ±32.79] U/mL, both P<0.05) while those of serum MDA and VEGF remarkably higher in the T1DM than in the control rats ([4.94 ±0.63] vs [4.42 ±0.37] nmolm/L and [23.97 ±1.84] vs [22.32 ±1.71] pg/mL, both P<0.05);no statistically significant differences were found in T -AOC between the two groups (P>0.05).FBG was correlated positively with MDA (r=0.51) and VEGF (r=0.47) but negatively with GSH (r=-0.71) and SOD (r=-0.40), while serum VEGF positively with MDA (r=0.32) and negatively with GSH ( r=-0.34 ) in the experimental rats . Conclusion Peroxidation is increased and the anti-oxidation mecha-nism weakened during the development and progression of T 1DM, which is closely related to hyperglycemia .High VEGF is associated with hyperglycemia and enhanced peroxidation .

Objective To investigate the location of CYLD in the neurons and explore the expression of CYLD in OGD/reperfusion-induced neuronal necroptosis.Methods Primary cortical neurons were cultured for 6days and neuronal purity was observed by double staining immunofluorescence of β3-tubulin and DAPI.The location of CYLD was identified by double staining immunofluorescence of NeuN,DAPI and CYLD using primary cortical neurons cultured for 14 days.Then,primary cortical neurons were divided into 8 groups:Control,EBSS,DMSO,OGD/reperfusion(0 h,2 h,6 h,8 h,12 h).Neurons were pretreated with zVAD-fmk for 30 min,OGD for 2 h and the levels of CYLD were evaluated after reoxygenation at different time points.The peak value(8 h) was chosen as reoxygenation time point.Neurons were divided into two groups as Control and OGD.The levels of CYLD were determined in both cytoplasm and nucleus after OGD 2 h and reoxygenation 8 h.Results The double staining immunofluorescence showed that neuronal cultured purity was about 70％ and the CYLD strongly expressed in nucleus but weakly in cytoplasm.The levels of CYLD increased gradually with different reoxygenation time and arrived at peak value after reoxygenation for 8 h (P ＜ 0.05),which was in accordance with the change of LDH (P ＜0.05) (Control (1.00±0.00),EBSS (1.07 ±0.03),DMSO (1.09 ±0.03),0h (1.40±0.12),2 h (1.74±0.08),6 h (2.25 ± 0.12),8 h (2.97 ± 0.15),12 h (3.01 ± 0.08)).The level of cytoplasm CYLD increased significantly in the OGD group (reoxygenation for 8 h)than that in control group (P＜0.05).But the level of nucleus CYLD had no difference between OGD and control group (P ＞ 0.05),which was in accordance with the results of immunofluorescence.Conclusion The CYLD in neurons cytoplasm is involved in necroptosis induced by OGD/deprivation and downregulating of CYLD has a protective effect on the brain injury resulted from ischemia/ reperfusion.

OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to evaluate the influence of loading in different healing periods on implant stability and to establish an animal model of anchorage implant screws.

METHODSAnchorage implant screws were implanted in sheep alveolar bone to establish the implant screw animal model. The animals were randomly divided into four groups: group A, sheep without loading; group B, sheep loaded immediately after implant; group C, sheep loaded after two weeks; and group D, sheep loaded after four weeks. The maxillary and mandibular tissue specimens with implants were dissected. The maxillary tissue specimens were used to make undecalcified bone grinding slices, and the healing mode of the implant-bone interface was observed by light microscope. The maximum shear strength of loose mandibular specimens was measured by a material testing machine. The differences in group data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS 1) A general difference in shear strength exists among the four groups. The shear strengths in groups A and B were lower than those in groups C and D. 2) No significant difference in healing mode was found between the pressure side and the tension side of the longitudinal-grinded bone slices with implants. Both fiber combination and osseointegration of transverse-grinded slices could be found in the interface in all four groups. The major integration mode of the implant-bone interface of groups A and D was osseointegration, whereas that of the implant-bone interface of groups B and C was fibrous tissue transformation. The surrounding bone tissue regenerated toward the implants of group C.

CONCLUSIONResults show that loading time influences the stability of implant anchorage.

Objective:To observe the efficacys and side effects of gefitinib(Iressa)and docetaxel(aisu)as the second-line treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)patients.Methods:A total of 98 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer who had failed to previous fimt-line chemotherapy were randomly divided into two groups:gefitinib group and docetaxel group.In the gefitinib group,50 patients took Iressa 250 mg once daily until disease progression or intolerable toxicity occurred.In the docetaxel group,58 patients were treated with aisu 75mg/m~2 i.v.in 60 minutes in day 1.The regimen was repeated every 21 days for at least 2 consecutive cycles.They were assessed on the basis of RECIST evaluation standard of therapeutic effect for solid tumor.Results:In the gefitinib group,the response rate was 22.4%(11/49),the clinical benefit rate was 55.1%(27/49),median survival time was 7.1 months and 1-year survival rate was 35.9%.In the docetaxel group,the response rate,clinical benefit rate,median survival time and 1-year survival rate were 18.8%(9/48),50.0%(24/48),6.9months and 31.5%,respectively(P>0.05).The incidences of Ⅰ～Ⅳ degree and Ⅲ～Ⅳ degree rash were 51.0%and 10.2%in the gefitinib group,significantly lower than those in the docetaxel group (P=0.0000 and P=0.0296).The incidence of Ⅰ～Ⅳ degree diarrhea was significantly higher in the gefitinib group than that in the docetaxel group(P<0.01).The incidence of leukopenia was significantly higher in the docetaxel group than that in the gefitinib group(P=0.0000).The incidences of thrombocytopenia and anemia of Ⅰ～Ⅳ degree were also higher in the docetaxel group (P=0.0000 and P=0.0266).The improvement rate of quality of life was higher in the gefitinib group (P<0.05).Conclusion:Gefitinib has a similar anti-tumor effect as docetaxel on advanced NSCLC patients who have failed to previous fimt-line chemotherapy.Gefitnib can achieve higher improvement rate of quality of life in advanced NSCLC patients,with a lower incidence of toxicity.

Objective To construct the short hairpin RNA recombinant plasmids targeting mdr1 gene which expresses highly in ovarian cancer resistance strain SKOV3/TAXOL to silence endogenefic mdr1 gene expression and investigate the role of mdr1 gene in the development of resistant ovarian cancer. Methods The pGPU6/GFP/Neo-mdr1 were constructed by gene clone technology. The influence on proliferation and apoptosis were investigated by CCK-8 in SKOV3/TAXOL after transfected pGPU6/GFP/Neo-mdr1. Results The expression against mdr1 proteins were inhibited by pGPU6/GFP/Neo-mdr1. The cell proliferation were inhibited after transfected pGPU6/GFP/Neo-mdr1 by CCK-8. The apoptosis were observed in DAB experiments and the apoptosis rate increased. Conclusion mdr1 plays an important role in proliferation of resistant ovarian cancer and the short hairpin RNA of mdr1 can efficiently suppress mdr1 expression and enhance the apoptosis in SKOV3/ATAXOL.

Objective To construct the small hairpinRNA recombinant plasmids targeting mdr-1 gene which expresses highly in ovarian cancer resistance strain SKOV3/TAXOL to silence endogenetic mdr-1 gene expression and investigate the role of mdr-1 gene in the development of resistant ovarian cancer. Methods The pPGPU6/GFP/Neo-mdr-1 were constructed by gene clone technology. The influence on proliferation and apoptosis were investigated by CCK-8 in SKOV3/TAXOL after transfected. pPGPU6/GFP/Neo-mdr-1. Results The expression against mdr-1 proteins were inhibited by pPGPU6/GFP/Neo-mdr-1. The cell proliferation were inhibited after transfected pPGPU6/GFP/Neo-mdr-1 by CCK-8. The apoptosis were observed in DAB experiments and the apoptosis rate incised. Conclusion mdr-1 plays an important role in proliferation of resistant ovarian cancer and the short hairpinRNA of mdr-1 can efficiently suppress mdr-1expression and enhance the apoptosis in SKOV3/TAXOL, which provides a novel method for chemotherapy resistant tumors.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the isolation and purification technology of active components of Senecio cannabifolius with macroporous adsorption resin. METHODS:The type of macroporous adsorption resin was selected with static adsorption using adsorption capacity and resolution rate of chlorogenic acid and hyperoside as index. The isolation and purification condition was op-timized with dynamic adsorption using the elution volume of chlorogenic acid and hyperoside as index,such as maximal sample size,rinse water quantity,volume fraction and collective volume of eluant ethanol. RESULTS:Among 7 kinds of resin,HPD100 had the best purification property;the optimal purification technology was as follows as mass concentration of sample 6 mg/ml,the speed of sample loading 2 ml/min,maximal sample size 3 times of column volume(BV), rinse water quantity of 2.5 BV,60%ethanol as eluting reagent. The contents of chlorogenic acid and hyperoside were increased from 0.90,0.18 mg/g to 7.26,1.04 mg/g after purification. RSD of each index were all ≤3.0%(n=3) in validation test. CONCLUSIONS:The isolation and purification technology of active components of S. cannabifolius with HPD100 macroporous adsorption resin is stable and effective.

Objective To investigate the relationship between plasma docetaxel concentration and the efficacy as well as toxic and side effects in patients with breast cancer after chemotherapy.Methods Seventy -one patients with breast cancer who accepted AC sequential T chemotherapy regimen as first line treatment were selected from April 2015 to September 2015 in Hubei Provicial Tumor Hospital.The plasma concentration of docetaxel was detected by latex immunoturdidimetry after the docetaxel continuous infusion in each cycle.The three groups were assigned according to the concentration distribution of docetaxel:group A (plasma concentration docetaxel ≤ 2.0mg·h -1 · L -1 ),group B (2.1 -2.5mg·h -1 ·L -1 )and group C (≥2.6 mg·h -1 ·L -1 ).The relationship between the drug plasma concentration,therapeutic efficacy and adverse reactions in different docetaxel plasma concentration was analyzed retrospectively by Chi -square tests.Results The average plasma concentrations of docetaxel of the three groups were (1.55 ±0.36)mg·h -1 ·L -1 ,(2.28 ±0.13)mg·h -1 ·L -1 ,(2.87 ±0.38)mg· h -1 · L -1 respectively.The adverse reactions were enhanced with the increasing of docetaxel plasma concentration (χ2 =5.169, 4.463,3.630,P =0.023,0.035,0.047).The therapeutic efficacy of group C and group B was same(95.8%),which was higher than 87.0% of group A,but there was no statistically significant difference (χ2 =1.559,P =0.24). Conclusion Breast cancer patients whose plasma concentration of docetaxel is between 2.1 ~2.5mg·h -1 ·L -1 has a better prognosis,and its adverse reactions are controlled in a certain extent.

BACKGROUND: There are so many experimental and clinical researches on levels of nitrogen monoxide (NO) in serum and endothelins in plasma of patients with stroke; however, ratio and significance between them are still unclear.OBJECTIVE: To observe dynamic changes of levels of NO in serum and endothelins in plasma of patients with stroke.DESIGN: Case-controlled observation.SETTING: Neurological Department and Clinical Neurological Laboratory of the Second Hospital affiliated to Suzhou University.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 216 patients with acute cerebral infarction including 133 males and 83 females and 112 cases with cerebral hemorrhage including 68 males and 44 females were selected from Neurological Department of the Second Hospital affiliated to Suzhou University from September 1999 to December 2001. Another 106 subjects including 63males and 43 females were regarded as healthy control group.METHODS: Contents of NO in serum and endothelins in plasma were measured on 328 patients with stroke and 106 healthy subjects in the courses of 1-3 days, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks with nitrate reductase and radio-immunity methods, respectively.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Contents of NO in serum and endothelins in plasma; ratio between NO in serum and endothelins in plasma (NO/endothelins).RESULTS: ① As compared with those in the control group, content of NO in serum of patients with cerebral infarction and cerebral hemorrhage was decreased and reached the lowest value during acute period (within 1-3 days), and then increased gradually and closed to the normal level at about 4 weeks. In addition, content of endothelins in plasma was increased obviously during acute period, reached the peak at 2 weeks, and then decreased gradually. The level was still high at stage of recovery and closed to normal value within 4-8 weeks. ② As compared with that in the control group, NO/endothelins was decreased in cerebral infarction group at the courses of 1-3 days (P ＜ 0.05), reached the lowest value at 1 week (P ＜ 0.001), and increased to the normal level at 2 weeks. Moreover,NO/endothelins was remarkably decreased in cerebral hemorrhage group at the courses of 1-3 days (P ＜ 0.001), reached the lowest value at 1week (P ＜ 0.001), and increased gradually. The changes of course were great and the level reached above normal value at 8 weeks. There was significant difference of dynamic changes of NO/endothelins between cerebral hemorrhage group and cerebral infarction group (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: NO and endothelins play an important role in onset and development of ischemic cerebrovascular disease and hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease, and their contents are related to prognosis.