Objective:To explore the understanding among medical rehabilitation staff about pain in children with cerebral palsy.Methods:A questionnaire was developed by referring to the literature on children′s rehabilitation and pain. It was used to survey 856 rehabilitation personnel including 110 doctors, 313 therapists and 433 nurses from 12 hospitals in 10 provinces using an online platform at www.wjx.cn.Results:The overall rate of correct responses was (67.89±13.35) %. Doctors and therapists scored about 70% correct and nurses about 65%. There were significant differences in pain knowledge related with educational background, age, work experience and position. Gender, professional title and parent status were not significant predictors. About 93% of those surveyed thought it was necessary to provide pain-related training, and 95% were willing to receive such training.Conclusions:There is a lack of knowledge about pain in children with cerebral palsy among rehabilitation medical staff. It is urgent to provide more related training and guidance to those in clinical practice.

Objective:To explore any effect of orofacial myofunction therapy (OMT) on the swallowing and speech of children with Pierre-Robin malformation (PRS) after a corrective operation.Methods:Fifty-two children with dysphagia caused by PRS mandibular distraction osteogenesis were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, each of 26. All were given routine nutrition support, but the observation group was additionally provided with OMT. Swallowing disorders, nutritional risk and body mass index were compared between the two groups after 6 months of the intervention. Orofacial muscle functioning and speech and language disorders were also compared between the two groups at the age of 3.Results:After the 6-month intervention the average Ichiro Fujishima dysphagia score in the observation group had improved significantly compared with before treatment and with the control group. The observation group′s nutritional status was also significantly better. At age three the orofacial myofunction classification of the observation group remained significantly better, on average, than that in the control group, and dysarthria or language retardation was significantly less prevalent.Conclusion:OMT can significantly improve the swallowing function, speech and nutritional status of children after surgery to correct PRS. This therapy is worthy of promotion and clinical application.

OBJECTIVETo understand the current situation and characteristics of commercial sexual behavior among old male clients in Guangxi, and to explore the associated risk factors of HIV infection.

METHODSThe areas in Guangxi where more old male HIV cases were reported followed by survey on those male clients who were over 60 years of age, were selected. A total of 5 ml blood sample was collected to test antibodies of HIV and syphilis. Risk factors were calculated by the multivariate logistic analysis method.

RESULTSA total of 1 236 questionnaires were completed in the survey. 65.61% of the old male clients were from low-grade venues with 53.64% of them never using a condom when engaging in commercial sex behavior. 47.33% of them patronized sex workers for around 10 years. 53.32% of them patronized prostitutes not less than 2 times in the last 30 days. Thirty subjects were HIV positive (2.43%) and 40 were syphilis positive (3.24%). Factor as 'having fixed partners' (OR = 0.302, 95% CI:0.140-0.650) appeared protective for the old male clients of HIV infection, with a history of patronizing sex workers from 1 to 5 years (OR = 2.552, 95% CI: 1.086-5.998). Frequency of patronizing sex workers not less than 4 times in the last 30 days (OR = 3.002, 95%CI:1.047-8.607) seemed the high risk factor of HIV infection.

CONCLUSIONOlder-aged male clients showed high HIV and syphilis infection rates in Guangxi, and most of them were using the low-grade venues. Commercial sexual behaviors in the areas would include early and, frequent exposure, but with poor protections. High risk factors of HIV infection might relate to "no fixed sexual partners" and "frequently commercial sexual behavior".

Aged ; Antibodies ; China ; epidemiology ; Condoms ; HIV Infections ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Sex Work ; statistics & numerical data ; Sex Workers ; Sexual Behavior ; Sexual Partners ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Syphilis ; epidemiology