Objective To analyze the risk factors related to obesity of preschool children. Methods The physical activity and eating behavior of 120 obese children aged 1～6 years were investigated with questionnaire by case control 1:1 matched. Results Obesity group spent significantly longer time to watch TV than control group, but the time for physical activity, feeding pattern during the first 4 months, the time of initial supplementary foods and the sleeping duration were not different between both groups. Conditioned logistic regression of multi-variables showed that good appetite, fast eating, overeating of carbohydrate and meat , and snacks before breakfast were the risk factors of child obesity. Conclusion The bad eating behaviors and the lack of physical activity were related to obesity in preschool children.

BACKGROUND:Mechanical stimulation triggers a muscle tissue remodeling, during which, myoblast process is a multi-stage development process. Many signals in extracellular matrix are involved in myoblast process, and mechanical signals are considered as important external factors for muscle formation and regeneration.
Numerous studies concerning cyclic tensile stress effects on myoblast proliferation and apoptosis have been reported, but the specific mechanism underlying the mechanical stimulation in muscle formation is stil unclear. OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of cyclic stretch on proliferation of C2C12 myoblasts and its mechanism.
METHODS:C2C12 myoblasts were cultured in vitro under 10%cyclic stretch for 6, 12 and 24 hours.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The results of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay showed that with the time of cyclic stretch, the proliferation of C2C12 myoblasts and the rate of S-phase fraction were gradual y increased and peaked at 12 hours (P<0.05), and then decreased. Western blot assay showed that the expression of nuclear transcription factorκB protein was decreased with time, which was inversely correlated to the proliferation of C2C12 myoblasts, but increased at 24 hours under the cyclic stretch. These findings indicate that the cyclic stretch can induce C2C12 myoblasts proliferation and alter the cellcycle. Nuclear transcription factorκB may be involved in this process.

To investigate the efficacy of acupuncture plus rehabilitation exercise in treating post-apoplectic dysphagia. Methods:The patients were randomly allocated into treatment and control groups. The treatment group was treated by acupuncturing points Fengchi(GB 20),Tianzhu(BL 10),Tongli(HT 5) and Lianquan(CV 23) plus rehabilitation exercises and the control group only by rehabilitation exercise. Results:The total effective rate was 95.0% in the treatment group and 71.9% in the control group. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P＜0.01). Conclusion:Acupuncture plus rehabilitation exercise can improve the curative effect on postapoplectic dysphagia.

Objective To study the reasons and prophylaxes of conversion to laparotomy during gy-necological laparoscopic surgery. Method Clinical records of 36 cases of conversion to laparotomy out of 1143 cases of gynecological laparescopic surgery were analyzed retrospectively. Results The rate of conver-sion to laparotomy was 3.15%. The reasons of conversion to laparotomy were abdominopelvic cavity adhesion in 23 cases, technical difficulty and complication in 8 cases, malignant tumor in 3 cases, accounting for 63.89%, 22.22%, 8.33%, respectively. The rate of conversion to hparotomy in patients with a history of laparotomy was significantly higher than that without a history of laparotomy. The rate of conversion to laparoto-my in early stage of developing laparoscopic surgery was significantly higher than that in other stages. Con-clusions Abdominopelvic cavity adhesion is the primary reason of conversion to laparotomy during gyneco-logical laparoscopic surgery. Careful evaluation before surgery and improving ability of performance can de-crease the rate of conversion to laparotomy.

To evaluate whether Shenfu injection (SFI) protects against cardiac myocyte injury induced by Fupian injection (FPI) in vitro.

In the present study, an ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-fight mass spectrometry (UPLC-TOF/MS) based chemical profiling approach was used to evaluate chemical constitution between co-decoction and mixed decoction of ginseng and Radix Aconiti Praeparata. Two different kinds of decoctions, namely co-decoction of ginseng and Radix Aconiti Praeparata: water extract of mixed two herbs, and mixed decoction of ginseng and Radix Aconiti Praeparata: mixed water extract of each individual herbs, were prepared. Batches of these two kinds of decoction samples were subjected to UPLC-TOF/MS analysis. The datasets of t(R) m/z pairs, ion intensities and sample codes were processed with supervised partial least squared discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) to holistically compare the difference between these two decoction samples. Significant difference between the two decoction samples was showed in the results of positive ion mode. The contents of hypaconitine and deoxyaconitine decreased, while that of benzoylmesaconine, benzoylhypaconine and dehydrated benzoylmesaconine increased in the samples of co-decoction of ginseng and Radix Aconiti Praeparata. The content of diester-diterpenoid alkaloids decreased, while that of monoester-diterpenoid alkaloids increased, which is probably the basis of toxicity-attenuated action when combined ginseng with Radix Aconiti Praeparata.

Aim To investigate the effects of Fufangdanshen on TNF-? stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMC) and discover potential molecular mechanism to cure atherosclerosis at molecular level.Methods TNF-? stimulated VSMC was used as dysfunction cell model;VSMC proliferation was detected with MTT and FACS;proteomic protocol involving 2-DE,image analysis and spectrometry detection were used to detect regulated protein by Fufangdanshen.Results Fufangdanshen inhibited expression of 16 proteins but promoted expression of 24 proteins in TNF-? stimulated VSMC.The expression of CaMKK and N-ras were decreased by Fufangdanshen,which farther decreased matrix metalloproteinase production;while cell cycle related protein p21,p53 were increased by Fufangdanshen in TNF-? treated VSMC.Conclusion The inhibition of proliferation and migration of VSMC through decreased matrix metalloproteinase production and increased cell cycle related protein p21,p53 might be the mechanism of Fufangdanshen to cure atherosclerosis.

Objective To study the effect of smoking on resting energy expenditure ( REE ) and the relationships among REE, smoking , inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with diabetic kidney disease. Methods A case control study of 31 smokers and 40 non-smokers with early stage of diabetic kidney disease( stage Ⅲ ) were performed to evaluate the chronic effect of smoking on REE. REE/fat free mass( FFM ), biomarkers of oxidative stress malondialdehyde ( MDA ), superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) and inflammation high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), adiponectin, TNFα were also measured in these subjects. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Results Compared with non-smokers, REE/FFM in smokers group was significantly increased by 15.96% ( P =0.001 ). Pearson analysis showed that smoking was significantly correlated with REE/FFM ( t = 0.395, P = 0.001 ). There were significantly different between smokers and non-smokers in MDA, SOD and hs-CRP ( P＜0.05 ). But no difference between two groups in adiponectin and TNFα ( P ＞ 0.05 ). No significant relationships between REE/FFM and MDA, SOD, hs-CRP, adiponectin, TNFα was found ( P ＞ 0.05 ). Conclusion Chronic smoking can lead to increased REE, arouse oxidative stress and inflammatory in patients with early stage of diabetic kidney disease. However, there is no relationship between increased REE due to smoking and oxidative stress and inflammatory.

Aim To investigate the induction effect of ginsenoside Rc, Re, Rf and Rg1 on CYP1A1, and further validate the role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in CYP1A1 expression. Methods Dual luciferase re-porter gene system was performed. Four kinds of gin-senoside were screened for aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation by reporter assays, and TCDD as the positive control. Further with different concentrations of ginsen-oside Rc, Re, Rf and Rg1 treated on LS174T cells, RNA and total protein were extracted to detect the reg-ulating effect of ginsenosides on CYP1 A1 mRNA and protein expression with Real-time PCR and Western blot technology respectively. Results Reporter gene screening showed that the ginsenoside Rc, Re, Rf and Rg1 could activate AhR and had potential effects on the induction of CYP1A1 enzyme. Meanwhile, dose-de-pendent induction of the gene expression were observed in response to ginsenoside Rc, Re, Rf and Rg1 and the levels of CYP1 A1 protein expression were increased by ginsenoside Rc, Re, Rf and Rg1 in varying de-grees. Conclusion Ginsenoside Rc, Re, Rf and Rg1 can up-regulate the gene and protein expression of CYP1 A1 possibly via the AhR-mediated CYP1 A1 path-way.

An ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS)-based chemical analytic technology was used to evaluate the chemical constitution of Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata in the process of decocting, so as to provide a scientific basis for processing Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata.