Objective To investigate the clinical significance of YMDD mutation during Lamivudine therapy on chronic hepatitis B.Methods Fluorometric analysis PCR, ELISA were used to estimate the YMDD mutation, HBVDNA quantative level and HBeAg for HBV of 72 cases with chronic hepatitis B before therapy (0 month), and after Lamivudine therapy for 9,12,18 months.Results The YMDD mutation was not observed in these cases before Lamivudine therapy. The mutation was found in 8 cases (11.1%), 17 cases (23.6%) and 28 cases (38.9%) at 9, 12, 18 month for therapy. The YMDD mutation rate rose with the therapy time lasting (P＜0.05). Moreover, the YmDD mutation rate in the patients with HBVDNA quantity higher than 108 copies/ml was significantly higher than that in the patients with HBVDNA quantity lower than 108 copies/ml (P＜0.005). The YMDD variation rate in patients with HBeAg positive and in patients with HBeAg negative showed no significant difference (P＞0.05). The HBeAg negative conversion rate was significantly higher in non-mutation group than that in mutation group (P＜0.05).Conclusion The serum virus quantity may be regard as an early estimate indication of the development of YMDD mutation during Lamivudine therapy.

Background and Purpose:The recurrent rate of breast cancer after mastectomy was 5%~20%,high risk factors were included it could achieve 34%~40%,Chest wall recurrence was the most common.This paper explores the reason for chest wall recurrence of breast cancer after mastectomy,hoping to find an efficient way to prevent and reduce chest wall recurrence after mastectomy.Methods:For 39 patients with local recurrence on the chest wall after mastectomy clinical data was reviewed retrospectively.Results:This group of patients was 5.1% of all breast cancer patients in the same period.Most of recurrences(59.0%)occured within two years affer operation.The recurrent rate of T_1～T_4 was 1.6%、1.9%、9.7% and 37.2% respectively.Rate of chest wall recurrence in patients with negative axillary nodes and positive axillary nodes was 1.3%、7.6%,but if the amount of positive axillary nodes≥4,it was 13.4%.Conclusions:In the patients who had more positive axillary nodes,larger primary tumor and no proper adjuvant therapy,recurrence on the chest wall was seen more often.Adjuvant chemotherapy and postoperative radiotherapy are efficient ways to prevent recurrence on the chest wall.

Background and purpose: Radiation therapy is still the most primary treatment of brain metastases, and prognosis is affected by many factors. The aim of this study was to identify the prognostic factors and to establish a prognostic index model in patients with brain metastases after whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT). Methods: We reviewed the clinical date of 140 patients with brain metastases radiotherapy in our hospital from Jan. 2008 to Jul. 2011. The signiifcance of prognostic variables in the survival was resulted from both univariate analysis and multivariate analysis. The prognostic index (PI) was established based on Cox regression analysis and subgrouping values. It was assessed whether recursive partitioning analysis classes (RPA), basic score for brain metastases (BS-BM) and the graded prognostic assessment index (GPA) were related to prognosis. Results:The median survival time was 222 days. The univariate analysis showed that the independent prognostic factors were KPS performance status, number of brain metastases, presence of extracranial metastases, primary tumor status, radiation dose, hemoglobin. The multivariate analysis showed that KPS performance status (P=0.002, Wald=9.700), presence of extracranial metastases (P=0.018, Wald=5.604) and primary tumor status (P=0.001, Wald=10.212) were signiifcantly correlated with overall survival. RPA, BS-BM and GPA were closely related to their prognosis by Log-rank test. In predicting 3 months and 6 months of survival for patients, PI was better than other modes. Conclusion:Our data suggest that the 3 indexes RPA,BS-BM and GPA are valid prognostic index models, but PI model is better.

1 was found in grouping, abortion times and metastasis in axillary lymph nodes, and OR

Aim To investigate the effects of rosmarinic acid on H2O2-induced apoptosis in rat VSMCs and its related mechanisms. Methods Flow cytometry was used to determine apoptotic rate of VSMCs. nuclear staining by acridine orange for morphologic change,MTT assay for cell viability and Western blot for expression of Bcl-2,Bax, fas and FasL. Results After being treated by H2O2(0,250,500,750 ?mol?L-1),apoptotic rate of VSMCs was 3.71%?0.56%,17.6%?6.92%,34.9%?2.55 %, and 85.6%?5.22% by FACS analysis,and VSMCs appeared nuclear condense and nuclear fragmentation after being treated by 500 ?mol?L-1 H2O2 for 24 hours,which were typical morphological changes of apoptosis. ① VSMCs treated with 500 ?mol?L-1 H2O2 for 24 hours had a significantly decrease on cell viability compared with control,and the apoptosis rate was increased to 35.7%?1.33%; Bcl-2 protein expression decreased,Bax protein expression increased, Bcl-2/Bax protein ratio decreased and Fas receptor and Fas ligand expression also increased.② Pre-incubation with rosmarinic acid(10, 20, 40 ?mol?L-1)for 30 min enhanced the cell viability, and decreased the apoptotic rate to 31.1%?1.38%,21.2%?1.18%,13.6%?0.51% in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, Bcl-2/Bax protein ratio increased and Fas and FasL expression decreased. Conclusions ① Rosmarinic acid antagonizes H2O2-induced apoptosis of VSMCs. ② The antagonism of rosmarinic acid on apoptosis may be correlated with an increase Bcl-2/Bax protein ratio and a decrease expression of Fas and FasL protein.

AIM: To investigate the protective effect of onychin on the endothelial cells injured by oxidative stress. METHODS: The injured model was established by endothelial cells treated with menadione. The growth inhibitory rate of endothelial cell was determined by MTT assay; NO - 2/NO - 3 concentration in the medium was determined by nitrate reductase assay; eNOS and caveolin-1 protein levels were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: Onychin significantly decreased the growth inhibitory rate of endothelial cells injured by menadione, increased NO - 2/NO - 3 concentration in the medium and eNOS activity and up-regulated caveolin-1 expression. CONCLUSION: Onychin possesses a protective effect against endothelial cell injury induced by menadione via caveolin-1/eNOS pathway.

The prognosis of patients with brain metastases from non-small cell lung cance (NSCLC) is dismal,and whole brain radiation therapy(WBRT) cannot simultaneously control the extracranial lesions.Study results of Tyrosine kinase inhibitor(TKI) for brain metastases in patients with lung cancer are encouraging,and treatment efficacy is related to EGFR mutation status.The sensitizing theoretical foundation exists in utilizing erlotinib combined with WBRT for the treatment in brain metastases patients with lung cancer.Currently,a small clinical trial data shows that erlotinib combined with WBRT has better efficacy compared to erlotinib alone,and the toxicity can be tolerated.

Objective To establish a CVS-11 pseudovirus particles ( pp)-based assay for detec-tion of neutralizing antibody against rabies virus. Methods An improved rapid fluorescence focus inhibition test ( RFFIT) for detection of neutralizing antibody against rabies virus ( RVNA) was established based on the CVS-11 pseudovirus expressing a luciferase reporter gene. Forty-six human serum samples were analyzed with the improved RFFIT and the results were compared with those by using standard RFFIT. Moreover, the improved RFFIT was used to detect the titers of RVNA in 91 serum samples collected from pet dogs and pet-breeders in Beijing. Results The coincidence rate of the improved RFFIT and the standard RFFIT was 100% regarding to the analysis of 46 human serum samples and 5 negative reference serum samples. Moreo-ver, the RVNA titers of all serum samples obtained with CVS-11 pseudovirus-based assay showed a signifi-cant high correlation with those obtained with standard RFFIT (n=46, r=0. 94, P<0. 000 1). All of the 91 serum samples collected from pet dogs and pet-breeders in Beijing were positive for RVNA as indicated by the improved RFFIT with a mean titer of 33. 01 IU/ml. Conclusion We established an improved RFFIT based on the CVS-11 pp expressing luciferase reporter gene, which might be used as a reliable alternative RFFIT for measuring RVNA titer. Analysis of the 91 serum samples collected in Beijing with the improved RFFIT showed that all samples were positive for RVNA.

Objective:To observe the therapeutic effect of the treatment with intravenous(Ⅳ)ibandronate com- bined with chemotherapy on patients with skeletal metastases.Method:138 patients with skeletal metastases were randomly divided into ibandronate group combined with chemotherapy(68 cases)and simple chemotherapy group(70 cases).The controlled group took a standard chemotherapy project but combined the treatment group took a chemotherapy project plus ibandronate.In a week after the chemotherapy,68 cases of the treatment group were treated with ibandronate 4mg in NS 500ml by intravenous infusion once 4 weeks for 3 months.The effect was evaluated when the three cycles finished.Result: There was a statistical difference(P

Objective To investigate the expression and antibacterial function of Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients.Methods Thirty stable SLE patients and thirty normal controls (NC) were recruited to this study.The acitivity of SLE was assessed by SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI).Density gradient centrifugation was uesd to isolate neutrophilic granulocytes.Picogreen assay was used to quantify NETs formation.Colony counting method was used to compare the antibacterial rate of NETs between two groups.Variation of quantity and activities of neutrophil elastase (NE) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) on induced NETs was tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results There was no significant difference in the number of NETs between SLE and NC.Compared to the control group,more NETs were induced from neutrophils in SLE,the antibacterial rate of induced NETs was significantly lower,with the activities of antibacterial protein MPO decreased.Conclusions Stable SLE patients are more easily to induce NETs,and the antibacterial function of induced NETs are truly defective,may be related to the decreased activity of the antibacterial protein MPO.