BACKGROUND: Under the pressure of mechanical action, the culture membrane will be stretched and cause the deformation of cells which adhere to the surface of culture membrane. According to this, growth regularity in different external force environments will be observed; however, how to determine the load distributions on the whole culture membrane still remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: Photomechanics method was applied for determining the out-plane displacement so as to obtain the strain distributions of the cell culture membrane. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Contrast study was performed at the Photomechanics Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology from March to August 2008. MATERIALS: Culture membrane which specially used for biomedicine was made by Dow Coming Corporation, USA and the type was Q7-4750. The dimension and mechanics properties were as follows: diameter = 100 ram, thickness = 150-160 μm, modulus of elasticity E = 2.14 MPa, and Poison's ratio = 0.48. lines per millimeter; phase shift set was controlled by manual and 5 marks equal 0.1 mm; CCD camera was used for capturing moire patterns. Finally, phase was transformed into displacement so as to obtain three-dimensional appearance and manner. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Out-plane displacement information, and deflection of culture membrane including displacement and strain. RESULTS: The three-dimensional profiles of culture membrane after deformation were constructed by image processing method and the out-plane heights could be obtained. Corresponding to the total strains of 1%, 10%, 20%, and 25% for the culture membrane, the displacement of highest point was 2.28 mm, 8.32 mm, 12.12 ram, and 13.52 mm, respectively. The error was 3.5% through comparing the measured heights of culture membrane with the heights which was known for the culture membrane. It indicated that this experiment method was highly sensitivity. According to the out-plane displacements, the strains distributions along symmetrical axis were calculated and the distributions of strain were shown by parabolic curve. displacement distributions of culture membrane is obtained and shown displacement contour. Namely, the out-plane displacement of center for the membrane has the maximum heights, and the strains distributions are shown parabolic curve.

Objective:To investigate the antitumor effect of CpG-ODN combining non-replicating recombinant vaccinia virus in tumor immunotherapy.Methods: CpG-ODN and constructed vaccinia virus v△11?75 were combined to study the antitumor effects in the walker′s rat tumor model.Results: Recombinant vaccinia virus v△11?75 lost the replicating capacity on human cell line,143TK - cell.The genes between HindⅢ C & K fragment of vaccinia virus TianTan strain were deleted,verified with Southern-blot. In the Walker′s tumor model of Wistar rats,Combinational immunotherapy with CpG-ODN and non-replicating vaccinia virus-modified WRC256 oncolysates resulted in prolonged life span and reduced tumor hyperplasia. Conclusion: CpG-ODN can enhance the antitumor effects of non-replicating vaccinia virus-modified oncolysates,providing a new route of tumor therapy.

Objective:To investigate the possible role of miR-181d in regulating the multidrug resistance (MDR) of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and its clinical significance. Methods: Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) and Western blot were used to investigate the differential expression of miR-181d and BCL2 from mRNA and protein levels in the chemo-sensitivity cell H69 and the chemo-resistance cell H69AR. The miR-181d expression in H69AR was then upregulated. More-over, CCK8 assay was employed to detect the sensitivities of the cells to chemotherapy drugs, such as ADM, DDP, and VP-16. Mean-while, the expression of miR-181d in the specimens of 87 cases with SCLC were detected using QRT-PCR. All patients received the chemotherapeutic regimen of EP (etoposide+cisplatin). Correlation of the miR-181d expression with clinicopathological features, prog-nosis, and survival time of the patients was studied. Results:miR-181d was downregulated in the SCLC multidrug-resistant cell line H69AR and chemo-resistant patients. Moreover, miR-181d was concurrent with the upregulation of BCL2 protein compared with the parental H69 cell line and chemo-sensitive patients (P<0.001). miR-181d expression in H69 cells resistant to chemotherapy drugs (ADM, DDP, and VP-16) was inhibited (P<0.01). Enforced miR-181d expression reduced the BCL2 protein level and sensitized H69AR cells to chemotherapy drugs (P<0.01). miR-181d expression was associated with tumor stage, sensitivity of chemotherapy, and survival time (all P<0.001). Patients with high miR-181d expression had longer overall survival and progress-free survival time com-pared with those with low miR-181d expression (P<0.001). Conclusion: miR-181d may play a role in the development of MDR in SCLC and may be a potential predictive factor for treatment efficacy.

Objective To discuss the optimalselection of the puncture path in performing CT-guided pericardial drainage,and to evaluate its clinical feasibility and safety.Methods A total of 114 patients with pericardial effusion,who were admitted to authors' hospital during the period from May 2013 to March 2016,were enrolledin this study.The appropriate body position and suitable needle-puncturing route were selected,and CT-guided pericardial drainage with Seldinger'stechnique was performed.Results Successful puncturing and catheter drainage was obtained in all 114 patients,no any serious complication occurred.The time used for manipulation was 18-30 min.Conclusion The use of right puncture path is of great importance for the performance of CT-guided pericardial drainage for pericardial effusion,this technique is highly feasible and safe for relieving the clinical symptoms of pericardial tamponade.

Objective To observe the two different wetting fluid in airway humidification of patients with mechanical ventilation.Methods 40 patients with mechanical ventilation after cardiac surgery in our hospital from January to April,2009,were divided randomly into group A and group B,group A was given 0.45% sodium chloride solution 100ml plus ambroxol 15mg as airway humidification fluid,group B was given sterile water for injection100 ml plus ambroxol 15mg as airway humidification liquid.The amount of sputum aspiration,color,viscosity,the body temperature of patients,the lungs auscultation and chest X-ray were observed.Results No statistical difference was seen in sputum volume,color,viscosity,the body temperature of patients,lungs auscultation as well as chest X ray after mechanical ventilation for 4 hours,8 hours,16 hours,24 hours,1～2 d,3～5 d,6～7 d.No statistical difference was also seen in auscultation of the lung after mechanical ventilation for 4 hours,16 hours,24 hours,1～2 d,3～5 d,6～7 d.But auscultation of the lung in group B was better than that of group A after mechanical ventilation for 8 hours.Conclusions No sufficient fact can prove that different effect exists between 100 ml 0.45% sodium chloride solution plus ambroxol 15mg and 100 ml sterile water for injection plus ambroxol 15mg as airway humidification fluid during mechanical ventilation.

Objective To evaluate the immuno-potentiating effects of CpG-ODN plus alum as a composite adjuvant on influenza split virion vaccine.Methods BALB/c mice were immunized with various amounts of 2009 H1N1 influenza split virion vaccine,alone or in combination with CpG-ODN,alum,or both (composite adjuvant).Antigen-specific humoral immune responses were evaluated by ELISA,hemagglutination inhibiting (HI) assay and neutralizing assay.Antigen-specific cellular immune responses were evaluated by ELISPOT assay,intracellular cytokine staining assay and in vivo CTL assay.Results Compared with the control group immunized with antigen alone,a single use of either adjuvant weakly enhanced the humoral immune responses,as indicated by the increase of antigen-specific IgG titers,HI titers and neutralizing titers by 3-6 folds,2-4 folds and 4-8 folds,respectively,after two immunizations.In contrast,the composite adjuvant induced more potent humoral immune responses; the antigen-specific IgG titers,HI titers and neutralizing titers were increased by 23-57 folds,9-20 folds and 16-64 folds,respectively.Consequently,the composite adjuvant achieved antigen-sparing by at least 16 folds.In addition,the composite adjuvant significantly enhanced the antigen-specific cellular immune responses,as revealed by the increase of IFN-γ-secreting CD4+ T cells and the enhancement of CTL activity in immunized mice.Conclusion CpG-ODN plus alum as a composite adjuvant can enhance the immunogenicity of influenza split virion vaccine and achieve the antigen-sparing effect.

Objective To compare the adjuvanticity of type-A,B and C CpG-ODN in mice.Methods Three types of CpG-ODN were identified through in vitro stimulation of murine splenocytes with various CpG-ODN.BALB/c mice were immunized with HBsAg,together with different types of CpG-ODN,and antigen-specific IgG.IgG1 and IgG2a titers were measured 4 weeks later by indirect ELISA.Resuits Compared with the control group.all 3 types of CpG-ODN enhanced humoral immune response to HBsAg.However,type-B and C CpG-ODN induced much higher levels of antigen-specific IgG and IgG2a than type A CpG-ODN.Type-C CpG-ODN induced a similar TH 1-biased immune response as type-B CpG-ODN,revealed by decreased IsG1 to IgG2a ratio.In contrast,although type-A CpG-ODN increased IgG titers,it did not switch the balance between TH1 and TH2 immune responses.Conclusion All 3 types of CpG-ODN can enhance the humoral immune response to vaccines,but their aaiuvanticity could be mediated through different mechanisms.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of sonographic score in the diagnosis of salivary gland involvement in patients with Sj(o)gren's syndrome(SS). Methods One hundred and three cases (44 cases of SS group and 59 cases of control group) were involved in the study. Parotid and submandibular glands of all the cases were examined by a doctor unawaring of the clinical information. All the off-line images were scored by two doctors seperately. The best threshold and the according diagnostic efficiency were determined by statistical analysis. Results The Kappa coefficient between the two doctors was 0.80.The parotid score,submandibular score and total score of SS group were significantly higher than those of the control group (5.79 ± 2.40 vs 0.46 ± 0.97,5.93 ± 1.58 vs 1.32 ± 1.84,11.64 ± 3.27 vs 1.78 ± 2.33,respectively). According to the ROC curve for the parotid score, submandibular score and total score, the area under the curve were 0.98,0.95,0.99, respectively. The best diagnostic threshold for total score was 8 and under this threshold, the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 93%, 97%, 95%, 95%, respectively. Conclusions The sonographic score including both parotid and submandibular glands is a reliable method with high reproductivity and diagnostic accuracy in the diagnosis of SS salivary gland involvement.

Objective To explore the clinical features of nervous system involvement of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).Methods A retrospective clinical analysis of 15 admitted AIDS patients with neurological involvement in our hospital from February 2002 to February 2008.Eight of them visited department of neurology for the first time.Results There were 4 cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) encephalopathy, 1 of them appearanced as general chorea, 1 HIV-associated encephalopathy accompanied with myopathy; 1 progressive multifocal leukoeneephalopathy (PML); 1 PML accompanied with toxoplasmosis; 1 HlV-associated myopathy; 1 multicranial nerve injury companied with myelopathy; 1 peripheral neuropathy; 1 drug-associated neuromuscular disease; 4 meningoencephalitis and 1 brain abscess cases.Conclusion The manifestations and AIDS neurological involvement are varied.A close attention should be paid to screening.

BACKGROUND:Chitosan biological materials can induce bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate toward neurons. As a derivative of chitosan, carboxymethyl chitosan has a series of excelent properties. However, whether carboxymethyl chitosan can induce the neuronal differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells remains unclear.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of carboxymethyl chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel on the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into neurons and the possible mechanism.METHODS:Passage 3 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from rats were selected and cultured in carboxymethyl chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel extracts in different concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 500 g/L). Control cells were cultured in culture medium with no addition of carboxymethyl chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel extracts. MTT assay was performed to investigate the effects of different concentrations of carboxymethyl chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel extracts on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell proliferation. Western blot assay was used to explore the effect of 150 g/L carboxymethyl chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel extracts on the expression of neuron-specific enolase, Nestin, Vimentin, NF-M, microtubule associated protein 2, glial fibrillary acidic protein, β3-tubulin, Notch1 and Jag1 protein.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:MTT assay showed that carboxymethyl chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel promoted the cell proliferation, and the proliferation rate reached the peak at the concentration of 150 g/L. Western blot assay showed that the cells induced by 150 g/L carboxymethyl chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel extract had significant increases in neuron-specific enolase, Nestin, Vimentin, NF-M, microtubule associated protein 2, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and β3-tubulin protein expression, and obvious decreases in Notch1 and Jag1 protein expression in comparison with the control group. These results indicate that the carboxymethyl chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel induces rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate toward neurons, and suppresses the activity of Notch signal pathway in the process of differentiation.