To investigate the effect of propofol on the release of glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) from rat hippocampal synatosomes, synaptosomes was made from hippocampus and incubated with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF). With the experiment of Ca(2+)-dependent release of glutamate and GABA, dihydrokainic acid (DHK) and nipectic acid were added into aCSF. For the observation of Ca(2+)-independent release of glutamate and GABA, no DHK, nipectic acid and Ca2+ were added from aCSF. The release of glutamate and GABA were evoked by 20 micromol/L veratridine or 30 mmol/L KCI. The concentration of glutamate and GABA in aCSF was measured by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 30, 100 and 300 micromol/L propofol significantly inhibited veratridine-evoked Ca(2+)-dependent release of glutamate and GABA (P < 0.01 or P < 0. 05). However, propofol showed no effect on elevated KCl-evoked Ca(2+)-dependent release of glutamate and GABA (P > 0.05). Veratridine or elevated KCI evoked Ca(2+)-independent release of glutamate and GABA was not affected significantly by propofol (P > 0.05). Propofol could inhibit Ca(2+)-dependent release of glutamate and GABA. However, it has no effect on the Ca(2+)-independent release of glutamate and GABA.
Anesthetics, Intravenous/pharmacology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Glutamic Acid/*biosynthesis ; Hippocampus/*metabolism ; Propofol/*pharmacology ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Synaptosomes/*metabolism ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*biosynthesis

A 54-year-old man diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was admitted in our department in June 2014. After one cycle of FC chemotherapy, a bone marrow examination revealed normalized lymphocyte count and another acute myeloid leuke-mia (AML)-M5 clone. The patient refused sequential treatment and only received follow-up examination. He had continuous hemato-logically stable disease and died of pulmonary infection on July 2015. After a multidisciplinary team discussion, we confirmed the si-multaneous diagnosis of CLL and AML-M5. Through this discussion,tumor second hit model,tumor evolution model,andtumor heterogeneitywere further defined.

Objective To evaluate three different Chlamydophila pneumoniae recombinant antigens for use in Chlamydophila pneumoniae serodiagnosis. Methods The recombinant plasmids pGEX6p-2/ Cpn0146,Cpn0147 and Cpn0308 were constructed and expressed as GST fusion proteins. The immunogenicity and the immunocompetence of these recombinant protein were analyzed by Western-blot and indirect ELISA. A total of 183 sera samples of patients with respiratory tract infection and 32 sera samples of patients with Chlamydia trachomatis infection were detected with indirect ELISA coated microwell plates with the purified recombinant proteins comparing with SeroCP-TM IgG ELISA kits. The positive recognition rate, sensitivity and specificity of each method were analyzed. Results GST-Cpn0146, Cpn0147 and Cpn0308 were obtained after expression and purification. The titers of the specific IgG antibodies against Cpn0146, Cpn0147 and Cpn0308 were higher than 1:6 400, 1:128 00 and 1:128 00, respectively. When the indirect ELISA was developed to detect the IgG antibody against Chlamydophila pneumoniae in 183 samples, the concordance rate between the indirect ELISA test and SeroCP-TM IgG ELISA kits were 92. 3% (Cpn0146) , 94.5% (Cpn0147) and 96.7% (Cpn0308), respectively. The recombinant Cpn0146, Cpn0147 and Cpn0308 were recognized by 71 (38.8% positive recognition rate), 75 (40.9%), and 82 (44.8%) samples, respectively. The recombinant antigen-based detection assays displayed > 97% of detection specificity and>87%of sensitivity.Condusion GST-Cpn0308 shows a better sensitivity and specificity,which suggests it could be used for developing serodiagnosis kits of Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the inhibition role of Kang'ai injection (KAI) in rats with hepatic fibrosis.

METHODAnimal model with liver fibrosis were induced by 0.01% concentration of diethylnitrosamine (DEN). 30 female Wistar rats (160-200 g) were randomly divided into 3 groups: the KAI-DEN group, the DEN group and the blank control group. The KAI-DEN group was administered Kang'ai injection (1 mL x k(-1), intraperitoneal injection, once a week) and the DEN group was administered normal saline intraperitoneal injection. HE staining and VG special staining of liver tissue were used to evaluate liver fibrosis.

RESULTCompared with the DEN group, relatively less structural damage and less pseudolobular formation in the KAI-DEN group. Collagen area of the blank control group, the KAI-DEN group and the DEN group were (6.52 +/- 2.64)% , (17.41 +/- 1.112)% and (20.180 +/- 2.519)% , respectively. The difference was statistically significant, P < 0.05.

CONCLUSIONKang'ai injection could inhibit the formation of DEN-induced liver fibrosis.

Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Liver ; drug effects ; pathology ; Liver Cirrhosis ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVEIn order to identify a species of Uncaria, molecular phylogenetic analysis was carried out by using the rDNA ITS sequence as molecular marker.

METHODTotal DNA was extracted from the plant with modified CTAB method and thereby rDNA ITS regions were amplified with universally conserved primer. The rDNA ITS amplicon was characterized by cloning, sequencing, blasting in GenBank and phylogenetic analyses using PAUP by maximum parsimony (MP) criteria.

RESULTThe rDNA ITS entire sequence of this species of Uncaria was 719 bp. The sequence is related to the U. sinensis available in GenBank and the similarity reaches 99.7%.

CONCLUSIONBased on molecular biology methods of rDNA ITS region analysis, molecular identification is available in accurate classification on this species of Uncaria.

DNA, Plant ; genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; genetics ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Species Specificity ; Uncaria ; classification ; genetics

Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the general adult population in the Hulunbeir Prefecture, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region where many minorities of north China live. Methods Sampling surveywas performed in the residents aged 20 years and older in the Hulunbeir Prefecture. All the investigated subjects were tested for urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR); hematuria by microscopy of urinary sediment; and GFR estimated by modified MDRD equation for Chinese adults (eGFR). The related risk factors of CKD were also investigated. Results A total of 4522 subjects were enrolled in the study. The prevalence of albuminuria was 7.11％, hematuria was 2.64％ and reduced eGFR [60 ml-min-1·(1.73 m2)-1] was 2.75％. The prevalence of hypertension was 38.90％; hyperglycemia 6.61％; hyperlipidemia 2.72％; increased waist 24.79％ and metabolic syndrome 15.02％. After the subjects with combined microalbuminuria, hematuria and reduced eGFR were excluded, the prevalence of CKD was 12.95％. Logistic regression analysis and stratified analysis showed increased age, increased waist, elevated systolic pressure, hyperglycemia,hypertriglyceridemia and metabolic syndrome were independently associated with albuminuria;increased age, elevated systolic pressure and hyperglycemia were independently associated with reduced eGFR; increased age was independently associated with hematuria. Conclusions The prevalence of adult CKD is 12.95％ in the Hulunbeir Prefecture, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Independent risk factors of CKD include increased age, increased waist, hypertension,abnormal blood glucose or lipid, and metabolic syndrome.

Objective A new methodology was established to efficiently obtain the genotype of DNA remained on standard long gun. Methods Direct PCR and silicon membrane method were combined to detect DNA polymorphism of a total of 240 samples at 5 different positions from 48 standard long guns. Results Combining direct PCR and silicon membrane method, we obtained full DNA profiles in 42 out of 48 standard long guns, with a detection rate up to 87.50%. Conclusion The results demonstrate that the combination of direct PCR and silicon membrane method provide a quick and accurate way to detect DNA polymorphism on the standard long gun.

Background Given the increasing number of patients who require dual antiplatelet (DAP) therapy and electrophysiological device (EPD) placement, perioperative antiplatelet management is a current challenge. In this study, we investigated the incidence of pocket hema-toma formation after EPD placement in patients undergoing DAP therapy or an alternative low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) regimen. Methods This clinical observational study was performed from July 2010 to July 2012. In total, 171 patients were enrolled in the analysis after meeting the inclusion criteria. These patients were divided into two groups: 86 patients were treated with DAP therapy at the time of device implantation, and the DAP therapy was discontinued for 5 to 7 days and replaced with enoxaparin before device implantation in the other 85 patients. Adenosine phosphate (ADP)-mediated platelet aggregation and arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation were tested preoperatively. We compared the incidence of pocket hematoma between the two groups and the association of pocket hematoma develop-ment with ADP-mediated platelet aggregation and arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation.Results The incidence of pocket hema-toma in the patients who continued DAP was lower than that in the patients who replaced the dual antiplatelet regimen with LMWH (3.49%vs. 16.47%, respectively;X2 = 6.66,P < 0.01). Among the patients who continued DAP therapies, the rate of ADP-mediated platelet aggre-gation inhibition in patients with pocket hematomas was higher than that in patients without pocket hematomas. None of the patients under-going DAP or enoxaparin therapy developed pocket infection, thromboembolic events, or other serious complications. Multiple logistic re-gression analysis revealed that LMWH therapy was an independent risk factor for the development of pocket hematoma (RR = 0.054, 95%CI = 0.012-0.251). Furthermore, patients undergoing LMWH therapy were 5.1-fold more likely to develop pocket hematomas than were DAP-treated individuals.Conclusion Continuance of DAP therapy does not increase the risk of pocket hematoma formation after EPD placement.

To investigate the effect of propofol on the release of glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) from rat hippocampal synatosomes, synaptosomes was made from hippocampus and incubated with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF). With the experiment of Ca2+-dependent release of glutamate and GABA, dihydrokainic acid (DHK) and nipectic acid were added into aCSF. For the observation of Ca2+-independent release of glutamate and GABA, no DHK, nipectic acid and Ca2+were added from aCSF. The release of glutamate and GABA were evoked by 20μmol/L veratridine or 30 mmol/L KCl. The concentration of glutamate and GABA in aCSF was measured by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 30, 100 and 300 μmol/L propofol significantly inhibited veratridine-evoked Ca2+-dependent release of glutamate and GABA (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05). However, propofol showed no effect on elevated KCl-evoked Ca2+-dependent release of glutamate and GABA (P＞0.05). Veratridine or elevated KCl evoked Ca2+ -independent release of glutamate and GABA was not affected significantly by propofol (P＞0.05). Propofol could inhibit Ca2+-dependent release of glutamate and GABA. However, it has no effect on the Ca2+-independent release ofglutamate and GABA.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of super-mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (SMP),retrograde intrarenal surge~(RIRS) for children with upper urinary tract calculus.Methods Clinical data of 85 children with upper urinary tract calculi treated by SMP or RIRS from April 2016 to June 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.Patients were divided into two groups according to operative method:group SMP and group RIRS.In group SMP:there were 38 male and 14 female patients;the mean age was (4.6 ± 2.7) years;the mean stone size was (15.2 ± 4.8) mm;17cases in left side,and 35 cases in right side;multiple stones were found in 18 cases and single stone was found in 34 cases.In group RIRS:there were 18 male and 15 female patients;the mean age was (4.6 ± 3.1) years;the mean stone size was (14.2 ±5.1)mm;9 cases in left side,and 24 cases in right side;multiple stones were found in 11 cases and single stone was found in 22 cases.No statistical significance was found between the two groups in sex,age,stone size,stone side (left/right),percentage of multiple calculi (P ＞ 0.05).Patients were evaluated with KUB radiography or CT after 1 month.The overall stone-free rate and complications of the two groups were compared.Results Group RIRS compared to group SMP showed longer operative time [(74.2 ± 31.8) min vs.(57.9±27.8)min,P =0.015],and hospital stay after operation [(4.8 ±2.8)days vs.(3.1 ±1.3) days,P =0.003].The overall stone-free rate was 90.4％ (47/52) for group SMP,and 48.5％ (16/33) for group RIRS(P ＜ 0.01).The re-treatment rate was significantly higher in group RIRS compared to group SMP[36.4％ (12/33) vs.1.9％ (1/52),P ＜ 0.01].The complication rate was 9.6 (3/52) and 27.3％ (9/33) for groups SMP and RIRS,respectively (P ＜0.05).Conclusions SMP was more effective than RIRS to obtain a better stone free rate,less complications and re-treatment rate in children with upper urinary tract renal calculus.