Seawater,hyperosmotic and alkaline, is a complex wound factor. Specific pathophysiological changes appear when wounds are socked in seawater. and special treatments are needed for such injuries. This paper reviewed the pathophysiological changes and treatment of seawater-soaked soft tissue wound, cranioccrebral trauma, open chest trauma,open ahdom-inal trauma,sea water drowning and seawater immersion during shock.

Objective To investigate the relationship between homocysteine(Hcy)and blood uric acid(UA)in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)complicating hypertension.Methods 85 patients with T2DM complicating hypertension were se-lected as the groupⅠ,78 patients with simple T2DM as the group Ⅱ and 74 individuals with healthy physical examination as the group Ⅲ.Hcy,UA,TC,TG and HDL-C were measured in all the subjects.Results Compared with group Ⅲ(control),the levels of Hcy,UA,TC and TG in the group Ⅰand groupⅡwere significantly increased(P <0.05),but the level of HDL-C was significantly decreased(P <0.05).Compared with the group Ⅱ(T2DM),the levels of Hcy,UA,TC and TG in the group Ⅰwere significantly in-creased(P <0.05 ),but the level of HDL-C was obviously decreased,the difference had statistical significance (P <0.05 ).There was good positive correlation between the Hcy level and the UA level in the patients with T2DM complicating hypertension (r =0.658,P <0.05).Conclusion The levels of Hcy and UA are significantly increased in the patients with T2DM especially complica-ting hypertension.High Hcy and high UA are the important risk factors of T2DM complicating cardiocerebrovascular diseases.

Objective To investigate the effect of miRNA-1 on the cardiomyocyte apoptosis in rats. Methods MicroRNA-1 mimics was transfected into the cultured H9c2 cell line (miRNA-1 group). Cells transfected with random miR-NA fragment was used as negative control group. The cell apoptosis was evaluated by FCM assay. MTT assay was used to de-tect the cell viability. The expression level of miRNA-1 was detected by real-time PCR. The expression levels of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot assay. Results Compared with normal and negative control groups, the expression level of miRNA-1 was significantly higher in H9c2 cardiomyocytes, the apoptosis rate was in-creased, the cell vitality and Bcl-2 expression level were significantly decreased after transfection of miRNA-1 mimics. Conclusion miRNA-1 mimics can up-regulate miRNA-1 level, inhibit proliferation and induce cardiomyocyte apoptosis.

Objective: To explore whether relieving effect of Ginsenosides-Rb1 (Gs-Rb1) on chronic heart failure (CHF) induced by adriamycin is related to improving levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor (TNFR) and ligand TNF-α or not. Methods: Adriamycin-induced CHF model rats were randomly divided into adriamycin group (n=15, received adriamycin 1 μmol/L) and Gs-Rb1 group (n=17, received Gs-Rb1 70 mg•kg-1•d-1 based on adriamycin group), another 10 healthy Wistar rats were selected as normal control group. Meanwhile, cultured cardiomyocytes of neonatal rats were accordingly divided into normal control group, adriamycin group and adriamycin+Gs-Rb1 group. After intervention, echocardiography, levels of TNFR/TNF-α mRNA and protein were measured and compared among three groups. Results: 1. In vivo: Compared with normal control group TNFR-1 [protein（0.13±0.02）kDa, mRNA（0.19±0.05）bp]，TNFR-2[protein（0.24±0.01）kDa, mRNA（0.13±0.02）bp]，TNF-α [protein（0.11±0.01）kDa, mRNA（0.26±0.05）bp], the levels of TNFR-1 [protein（0.67±0.04）kDa,（0.51±0.04）kDa；mRNA（0.81±0.03）bp，（0.49±0.05）bp]，TNFR-2 [protein（0.61±0.05）kDa, （0.47±0.03）kDa，mRNA（0.28±0.03）bp，（0.18±0.04）bp] and TNF-α [protein（0.28±0.04）kDa, （0.20±0.03）kDa， mRNA（0.67±0.05）bp，（0.45±0.04）bp] significantly rose（P<0.05 or <0.01） in adriamycin group and Gs-Rb1 group; and those levels of TNFR-1, TNFR-2, TNF-α protein and mRNA of Gs-Rbl group were significant reduction than those of adriamycin group; 2. In vitro: The results were similar, those of adriamycin group and Gs-Rb1 group were also significant rise than those of normal control group（P<0.05 or <0.01），those of Gs-Rbl group were significant reduction than those of adriamycin group（P<0.05 or <0.01）. Conclusion: TNFR/TNF-α expression may play a certain role in the process of adriamycin-induced CHF; improving effect of Gs-Rb1 on adriamycin-induced CHF may be related to regulation of TNFR/TNF-α.

Objective To study the relationships between sperm morphology and sperm vitality,sperm viability.Methods The sperm morphology and the sperm vitality were analyzed by automated sperm morphology analyzer(ASMA) and the sperm viability was analyzed using eosin staining.Results The normal morphology sperm rate of abnormal vitality group was lower than that of normal vitality group(P

Objective To investigate the clinical autopsy results of patients died of cardiovascular disease or other disease complicated with cardiac damage. Methods Complete autopsy was performed on 86 cases with uncertain cause of death. Through integrating clinical diagnosis and treatment with gross autopsy findings and microscopic observations, 86 autopsies were determined the major cause of death. Results In 86 autopsies, 69 cases were heart disease. Differences between pathological diagnosis and clinical diagnosis were compared. Twenty-seven cases were cardiac deaths, with diagnosis accrodance rate of 81. 5%. Fortytwo cases died of non-cardiac disease but complicated with heart disease or involving the heart which accelerated the death in patients, with accordance rate of 78.6%. Conclusion Scientific and correct performance of autopsy was important to determine the causes of death, to promote development of related disciplines and to improve the diagnosis and treatment of the diseases.

Objective:To explore whether ginsenosides-Rb1 (Gs-Rb1)can relieve cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by endothelin-1 (ET-1)via protein kinase C (PKC)system.Methods:Cardiomyocytes of neonatal rat were random-ly divided into blank control group,Gs-Rb1 group,ET-1 group,Gs-Rb1+ET-1 group,ET-1+CHE (chelerythrine, PKC blocker)group and Gs-Rb1 +ET-1 +CHE group.After 96h intervention,cardiomyocyte surface area,total protein content,PKC activity,c-fos and p-c-jun expressions were measured.Results: (1)Cardiomyocyte surface area and total protein content in Gs-Rb1+ET-1 group were significantly lower than those of ET-1 group (P <0.05~<0.001),but not significant different with those of Gs-Rb1+ET-1+CHE group,P =0.569;(2)PKC activity in Gs-Rb1+ET-1 group was significantly lower than that of ET-1 group [(9.3±0.6)pmol·min-1 ·mg-1 vs.(14.1± 0.9)pmol·min-1 ·mg-1 ],but significantly higher than that of Gs-Rb1+ET-1+CHE group [(2.7±0.2)pmol· min-1 ·mg-1 ],P <0.001 all;(3)Expressions of c-fos and p-c-jun gene and protein in ET-1 group were significant-ly higher than those of blank control group (P <0.001 all);compared with ET-1 group,there were significant re-ductions in expressions of c-fos [mRNA/protein:(0.53±0.05/0.39±0.02)vs.(0.43±0.03/0.31±0.03)]and p-c-jun [mRNA/protein:(0.64±0.04/0.44±0.02)vs.(0.33±0.05/0.37±0.03)]in Gs-Rb1+ET-1 group and ex-pressions of c-fos [mRNA/protein:0.41 ± 0.05/0.31 ± 0.02]and p-c-jun [mRNA/protein:0.31 ± 0.05/0.36 ±0.03]in ET-1+CHE group (P <0.05 or <0.001),expressions of c-fos and p-c-jun gene and protein in Gs-Rb1+ET-1+CHE group were significantly lower than those of Gs-Rb1+ET-1 group and ET-1+CHE group (P <0.05 or<0.001).Conclusion:Gs-Rb1 can significantly inhibit cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by ET-1 and PKC system is one of pathways mediating this biological effect.

Objective To evaluate the effect of levofloxacin-chitosan microsphere administrated in early stage seawater immersed wound of soft tissue. Methods A rabbit model of seawater immersed wound of soft tissue was reproduced. Among the control group (n=8) and the group locally treated with levofloxacin powder (n=8) or levofloxacin-chitosan microsphere (n=8), the bacteria number in the wound, the serum endotoxin level, the content of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-?) in the wound and the serum were assayed before and 6, 12, 24, 48, 72h after seawater immersion. In the latter 2 groups, levofloxaxin concentration in plasma and wound was compared 6, 12, 24, 48, 72h after seawater immersion. Results The bacteria number of the wound in the microsphere group and levofloxacin powder group was lower than that in the control group since 6h after seawater immersion(P

Objective To investigate the expression of TMS1/ASC gene induced by gemcitabine(GEM) in pancreatic carcinoma cell line PANC-1.To study the relationship between cysteine aspartase(caspase-1),nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) and the expression of TMS1/ASC.Methods The pancreatic carcinoma cell line PANC-1 was cultured in Dnlbecco's modification of Eagle's medium(DMEM).Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT)method was used to measure the effect of GEM at different time points(24,48 h)at different concentrations(1,2,4,8,16 μg/ml) on growth of PANC-l.RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of TMS1/ASC mRNA stimulated by medium alone and by GEM(4.27μg/ml)for 24 h and 48 h.Western blot analysis was performed with inhibitory protein of NF-κB multiclonal antibody,caspase-1 multiclonal antibody and β-actin monoclonal antibody to observe the expression of β-actin,caspase-1 and IκBα in GEM group and in the control group.The activation state of caspase-1 and NF-κB was examined.Results GEM inhibited the growth of PANC-1 cells in a concentrationand-time-dependent manners and its half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50)was 4.27 μg/ml on 24 h.The expression of TMS1/ASC was 0.3 ±0.004 and 0.63 ±0.007 respectively in GEM group while it was 0.1 ±0.001 and 0.21 ± 0.006 in the control group on 24h and 48h.The difference between the 2 groups at the same time point had statistical significance (P ＜ 0.01).Western blot showed that GEM caused the activation of caspase-1.The expression of IκBα had no obvious differencebetween the 2 groups.GEM couldn't induce the activation of NF-κB.Conclusions GEM can inhibit proliferation of PANC-1 cells and induce their apoptosis.The drug sensitivity decreased with prolongation of exposure time.GEM might induce and increase the expression of TMS1/ASC,which might influence the apoptosis of the cells later.The apoptosis of PANC-1 cells induced by GEM is dependent of caspase-1 signaling pathway and independent of NF-κB signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the effect of Yiqi Yangyin Huoxue Decoction combined with Western medicine therapy , while on this basis the observation group was combined with the on serum CRP ,TNF‐α,blood lipid and hemorheology levels in cor‐onary heart disease angina pectoris .Methods Totally 114 patients with coronary heart disease(CHD) angina pectoris were random‐ly divided into observation group (n=57) and control group (n=57) according to the random number table method .The control group was treated with Western medicine treatment ,while on this basis the observation group was combined with the therapy of Yiqi Yangyin Huoxue Decoction .The treatment cource was 4 weeks in the two groups .Serum CRP ,TNF‐α,blood lipids ,hemorheol‐ogy levels ,frequency and duration of angina pectoris attack ,efficacy of angina pectoris and ECG and adverse reactions were contras‐tively analyzed in the two groups .Results The levels of serum CRP and TNF‐αafter treatment in the two groups were decreased (P<0 .05);sthe serum levels of CRP and TNF‐α after treatment in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P<0 .05);the TG ,TC and LDL‐C levels after treatment in the two groups were decreased (P<0 .05);the TC ,LDL‐C and TG levels after treatment in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0 .05);fibrinogen ,plasma vis‐cosity and whole blood viscosityafter treatment in the two groups were decreased (P<0 .05);the fibrinogen ,plasma viscosity and whole blood viscosity after treatment in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0 .05);the angina pectoris attack frequency after treatment in the two groups were reduced (P<0 .05) ,the duration was shortend (P<0 .05);but the angina pectoris attack frequency after treatment in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P<0 .05) ,the duration was shorter than that in the control group (P<0 .05);the total effective rate of angina pectoris and ECG in the observa‐tion group was higher than that in the control group (P<0 .05) .The two groups had no serious adverse reactions during the treat‐ment process .Conclusion Yiqi Yangyin Huoxue Decoction combined with Western medicine can reduce serum CRP ,TNF‐α,blood lipid and hemorheologic levels in CHD angina pectoris ,and has remarkable curative effect with safety and reliability .