China is one of the countries where the prevalence rate of endemic fluorosis is very high.There are about one hundred million people suffering fluorosis.Many researchers are paying more and more attention to this field.Recently,some researches indicated that particular nutrients can influence fluorosis.This article reviewed the relationship between intake of protein and energy,mineral,vitamin and the occurrence and sequelae of fluorosis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical curative effect and adverse reaction of oxaliplatin combined with paclitaxel and fluorouracil in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer.METHODS: 189 cases with advanced colorectal cancer were randomly divided into two groups: Group A(n=94) received oxaliplatin combined with paclitaxel and fluorouracil,and Group B(n=95) to receive oxaliplatin combined with fluorouracil.Both groups were treated with 3 cycles(21 days in every cycle).RESULTS: The total effective rate in Group A was 54.3% versus 40.0% in Group B;and the toxicity in Group A was less severe than in Group B(P

Clinician-scientists are doctors who perform laboratory-based or clinically oriented research and have direct patient contact.Not only do they play a critical role in the research and practice of translational medicine,but also they are the educators of the next generation of clinician-scientists.However,clinician-scientists are vanishing.It is urgent to train new clinician-scientists who can be engaged in clinic work,research,and also education.Thus,in order to correct understand the importance of the work of clinical scientists,from multi angle analysis of clinical scientists training problems that may be encountered in the process,the active improvement of the education system and condition,and sustained and efficient guidance to the outstanding seedlings are advocated.Besides,aspiring candidates are also encouraged to seek ideal guidance and support through their career,arrange their work reasonably,strengthen their cooperation and the management ability,and strive to grow into excellent clinician-scientists.

Objective:To explore strategies of improving patients' stereotyping of nurses, by analyzing patients′ stereotypes of nurses.Methods:The phenomenological analysis method in qualitative research was used to conduct semi-structured interviews with 12 inpatients by objective sampling method.Results:The patients′ stereotype of nurses could be summarized into three topics, it mainly consisted of three aspects: patients′ cognition of the role of nurses, patients′ stereotype of nurse-patient relationship and factors affecting nurse-patient relationship from patients′ perspective, among which factors affecting nurse-patient relationship included doctors′ attitude towards nurses, public opinion effect of media reports and patients′ negative psychological experience.Conclusions:The prejudice of patients to the relationship between nurses and patients is not optimistic, it is suggested to improve patients′ stereotyping of nurses by reconstructing the ideal role of nurses, building harmonious trusting relationships and providing friendly support from the "others".

Objective To evaluate the role of P2X7 receptors in release of glutamate (Glu) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) during oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in rat hippocampus and neuronal synaptosome.Methods Healthy male SD rats weighing 150-200 g were decapitated. Their hippocampi were isolated and cut into slices 400 μm thick or made into neuronal synaptosomes. The hippocampal slices and neuronal synaptosomes were incubated in artificial cerebro-spinal fluid (aCSF) at 35℃ for 30 min and divided into 3 groups ( n = 32 or 24 each): control group (group C); group OGD and group OGD + BBG (brilliant blue G, a specific P2X7 receptor antagonist). OGD was induced by incubating the slices and synaptosomes in glucose-free aCSF aerated with 95% N2-5% CO2. In group OGD + BBG the slices and synaptosomes were incubated in O2-glucose deprived aCSF containing BBG 1 μmol/L 2 ml. Release of Glu and GABA from hippocampal slices and synaptosomes was determined by HPLC at 0, 20, 40, 60 min of OGD (T1-4). Hippocampal slices were examined with microscope.Results ( 1 ) The release of Glu and GABA from hippocampal slices and synaptosomes were significantly increased after OGD ( P ＜ 0.05). (2) Glu released from hippocampal slices was significantly decreased at T3-4 and Glu released from synaptosomes increased at T2-4 in group OGD + BBG as compared with group OGD ( P ＜ 0.05). (3)GABA released from hippocampal slices was significantly decreased at T4 in group OGD + BBG as compared with group OGD ( P ＜ 0.05). There was no significant difference in GABA released from synaptosomes between group OGD and OGD + BBG (P ＞ 0.05). (4) Microscopic examination showed that OGD induced significant histopathological damage to hippocampal slices which was attenuated by BBG treatment. Conclusion P2X7 receptors mediates the release of Glu and GABA during OGD in rat hippocampus and the P2X7 receptors in glial cells plays a leading role.

Objective To evaluate the role of P2X receptors in the synthesis and release of IL-1β during oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in rat hippocampus. Methods Male SD rats weighing 150-200 g were anesthetized with ether and decapitated. The hippocampi were removed and sagittally sliced (400 μm thick) and placed in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) aerated with 95% O2-5% CO2. One hundred and sixty hippocampal slices were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 40 each): Ⅰ control group (group C); Ⅱ OGD group; Ⅲ OGD +BBG group; Ⅳ OGD + anti-P2X4 group (group OP). In group C, the hippocampal slices were continously incubated with aCSF aerated with 95% O2-5% CO2 . In group OGD, the hippocampal slices were incubated with glucose-free aCSF and aerated with 95% N2-5%CO2 . In group OGD + BBG, the hippocampal slices were incubated with aCSF containning P2X7 receptor-specific antagonist G (BBG, final concentration 1 μmol/L) and aerated with 95% O2-5% CO2 for 20 min, then exposed to OGD, and BBG (final concentration 1 μ mol/L) was added in glucose-free aCSF. In group OP, the hippocampal slices were incubated with aCSF containning P2X4 receptor antibody (final concentration 1.5 μg/ml) and aerated with 95% O2-5% CO2 for 60 min, then exposed to OGD, and P2X4 receptor antibody (final concentration 1.5 μg/ml) was added in glucose-free aCSF. LDH and IL-1β release was detected before OGD and at 20, 40 and 60 min of OGD. Histological changes were observed using HE staining.Intracellular pro-IL-1β precursor protein expression was detected by Western blot at 60 min of OGD. Results LDH and IL-1β release and expression of intracellular pro-IL-1β precursor protein were signifcantly higher in the other groups than in group C ( P ＜ 0.05 ). Compared with group OGD, LDH and IL- 1 β release was signifcantly decreased, while the expression of intracellular pro-IL-1β precursor protein un-regulated in group OGD + BBG ( P ＜0.05), but no signifcant difference was found in the prarameters mentioned above in group OP ( P ＞ 0.05). Conclusion P2X7 receptor mediates the synthesis and release of IL-1β during OGD in rat hippocampus, but P2X4 receptor does not.

Background The incidence of myopia is gradually increasing,and how to choose a better corrective method of myopia for the best visual demand is very important.Objective This study was to compare visual quality of implantable collamer lens (ICL) implantation with femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis (FSLASIK) for moderate and high myopia using double-pass optical quality analysis system (OQAS).Methods A non-randomized controlled clinical trail was performed.Fifty-two eyes with-4.00 to-9.00 D of 26 consecutive patients were included in NO.1 Hospital of Xi'an from January 2015 to January 2016.Twenty-four eyes of 12 patients with the corneal thickness ＜500 μm received ICL implantation as ICL group and 28 eyes of 14 patients which corneal thickness was ≥500 μm underwent FS-LASIK surgery as FS-LASIK group.The demography was matched between the two groups (all at P＞0.05).All the patients were followed-up for 3 months after surgery.The preoperative best corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA),spherical equivalent (SE),postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCDVA),BCDVA and SE were examined and compared between two groups.The parameters from OQAS were evaluated and intergrouply compared,including the objective scattering inders (OSI),modulation transfer function (MTF) cut off frequency,Strehl ratio and OQAS values under the contrast of 100％,20％ and 9％ (OV100,OV20,OV9).Results The postoperative BCDVA was not significantly different from preoperative UCDVA in both ICL group and FS-LASIK group (-0.04±t0.10 vs.0.05±0.12;-0.07±0.12 vs.0.00±0.12) (t=3.128,2.358,both at P＞0.05).No statistically significant differnces were found in SE,UCDVA and BCDVA after operation between ICL group and FS-LASIK group (t =1.292,0.900,-0.653,all at P＞0.05).OQAS examination showed that MTF cut off,OSI,Strehl ratio,OV100 were not significantly different after operation between ICL group and FS-LASIK group (t=-2.032,-1.440,-0.224,all at P＞0.05).The postoperative OV20 and OV9 were 0.82±0.14 and 0.80±0.21 in the ICL group,which were significantly higher than those in the FS-LASIK group(0.59±0.15 and 0.47±0.13) (t =4.105,4.702,both at P＜0.05).Conclusions Both ICL implantation and FS-LASIK provide good optical and visual quality for moderate to high myopic eyes,and ICL appears to have a better visual quality in comparison with FS-LASIK under the contrasts of 20％ and 9％.

Objective:To investigate the effect of sorafenib on the proliferation of human oral cancer TCA8113 cells and to explore the underlying mechanisms.Methods:Mter treated with sorafenib at 2.5,5,10,20 μg/ml respectively for48 h,TCA8113 cell proliferation was examined by MTT and colony formation assay.Western blotting was employed to examine the p38MAPK expression in the cells.TCA8113 cells were pretreated with 10 μmol/L of SB203580 (a specific inhibitor of p38MAPK) for 30 min,and then by different concentrations of sorafenib for 48 h,cell proliferation was tested by MTT assay.Results:Sorafenib significantly inhibited the proliferation of TCA8113 cells in a concentration dependent fashion.Sorafenib also remarkably promoted the activation of p38MAPK of the cells.SB203580 significantly alleviated soiafenib induced TCA8113 cell viability decrease.Conclusion:Sorafenib can inhibit the proliferation of TCA8113 cells,which may be related to the activation of p38MAPK.

AIM:To investigate the effect of genistein on the proliferation of human oral cancer TCA 8113 cells and to explore the underlying mechanisms .METHODS:The cell proliferation was examined by MTT assay , cell counting and colony formation assay .Western blotting was employed to examine the protein levels of vascular endothelial growth fac -tor (VEGF), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p-ERK.RESULTS: Genistein significantly inhibited the proliferation of TCA8113 cells in a concentration-dependent fashion .Moreover , genistein dose-dependently decreased the protein levels of VEGF, ERK and p-ERK.The expression of VEGF was also blunted by U 0126, a specific inhibitor of ERK.U0126 and axitinib, a VEGF receptor antagonist , both significantly inhibited the proliferation of TCA 8113 cells. CONCLUSION:Genistein inhibits the proliferation of TCA8113 cells, which may be related to its inhibitory effect on ERK expression and activation , thus subsequently decreasing the expression of VEGF .

Objective To study the diagnosis and treatment of blunt pancreatic injury (BPI). Methods A retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 58 cases of BPI admitted and treated in our hospital during 23 years. Results The positive diagnosis rate was 51.1%(23/45) for single BUS examination ,but 70.0%(21/30) for two and more BUS examimations. The positive diagnosis rate was 65.0%(26/40) for single CT scanning, but 91.3%(21/23) for two and more CT scannings. Twenty-five cases(25/37,67.6%) with BPI were determined preoperatively, and 12 cases(12/37,32.4%)during (operation).Thirty-seven cases underwent operatiom, included grade I in 10cases、grade II 13cases、grade III 9cases、 grade IV 4cases and gradeV 1case. Twenty-one cases received nonoperative treatment, included 11 grade in I,7 grade II and 3 grade III. In the entire group, 6 cases died(10.4%).The mortality in the operation group was 16.2%(6/37).There were no deaths in the nonoperative group. The main cause of death was multiorgan failure(5/6,83.3%). There were 11(19.0%)cases of pancreatic pseudocyst after treatment in the entire group, included 3(3/37,8.1%) in operation group and 8(8/21,38.1%) in nonoperation group. Conclusions The diagnosis of BPI should combine the clinical findings with repeated BUS and CT scanning. Nonoperative treatment is a good choice for BPI without main pancreatic duct injury. Operative treatment is suitable for serious BPI and those with other intra-abdominal organ jnjury.