Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of survivin and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) in human esophageal carcinoma. [WTHZ]Methods The expression of survivin and PCNA was detected by immunohistochemical SP method in 98 cases of esophageal carcinoma and paired normal mucosa adjancent to tumor. Results The positive rate of survivin expression in esophageal carcinoma and normal mucosa adjancent to tumor was 80.6% and 7.1%, respectively, which was obviously higher in the former than in the latter(P

To review the study progresses in venom protein, peptide and amino acids in natural drug. The study progresses were reviewed on the basis of analying the collected articles. Concerning the distribution, chemical structure, property, pharmacology and toxicity of ricin, abrin, riscotoxin, snake venom, bee venom and buthotoxin. These compounds have certain toxicity and biological activity to animals, It's worth exploiting and utilizing them in conjunction with the achievement in modern chemistry and pharmacology.

AIM: To study the effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS: Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury was produced by 10 min or 20 min occlusion of bilateral carotid arteries followed by 5 d or 1 d reperfusion in gerbils. Ninety-five gerbils were divided into 4 groups: sham-operation, ischemia-reperfusion, GbE 50 mg*kg-1 and GbE 100 mg*kg-1 groups. Drugs were given intragastrically 2 d prior to ischemia and during reperfusion. The effects of GbE on the contents of calcium, sodium, water in cortex, and lipid peroxide(LPO) in brain hemispheres, as well as the density of neuron in hippocampal CA1 sector were observed. RESULTS: GbE could reduce the increase of calcium, sodium, water content in a manner of dose-depedance. The dosage of GbE 100 mg*kg-1 could decrease the content of LPO and the mortality, increase the density of neuron in hippocampal CA1 sector. CONCLUSION: GbE has protective effects on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury.

AIM: To investigate the effect of digoxin on apoptosis and growth in human gastric carcinoma SGC7901 cells and its possible mechanism.METHODS: SGC7901 cells were incubated in the medium containing digoxin at different concentrations for 24 h.CCK-8 assay was employed to detect the anti-tumor effect of digoxin on SGC7901 cells, and IC50 value of digoxin was calculated.Flow cytometry was used to determine the apoptosis and the cell cycle.Western blot was used to analyze the protein levels of c-Src, p-c-Src(Tyr416), Akt, p-Akt(Ser473), ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 (Tyr204).The mRNA expression of c-Src was by RT-PCR.RESULTS: As the concentration of digoxin increased, the cell viability was reduced gradually starting at 50 nmol/L digoxin treatment (P<0.05).The cell viability was reduced to the lowest extent by exposure to 500 nmol/L digoxin (P<0.05).The IC50 value of digoxin was 191.45 nmol/L for 24 h.After treatment with 200 nmol/L digoxin for 24 h, the apoptotic rate and the proportion of G0/G1 phase were significantly increased (P<0.05), the phosphorylated levels of c-Src, ERK1/2 and Akt declined (P<0.05), the mRNA and protein levels of c-Src were down-regulated (P<0.05) and the ability of migration was weaker (P<0.05) than that in control group.CONCLUSION: Digoxin may suppress the growth and induce the apoptosis of human gastric carcinoma SGC7901 cells by inhibiting the expression of c-Src gene and down-regulating the phosphorylated levels of ERK1/2 and Akt.

AIM: To investigate the effect of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) on the apoptosis of hu-man small-cell lung cancer H446 cells and its possible mechanism.METHODS: H446 cells were incubated in the medi-um containing SAHA.CCK-8 assay was used to detect the anti-tumor effect of SAHA on the H446 cells, and IC50 values of SAHA were calculated.Flow cytometry was used to analyze the apoptosis.After Notch3 gene was silenced, the pro-apopto-tic effect of SAHA on the H446 cells was inhibited ( P <0.05).Eukaryotic expression plasmid containing N3ICD was transfected into the H446 cells, so that N3ICD was expressed in the H446 cells.The mRNA expression of Notch3 was measured by RT-PCR.The protein levels of Notch3, N3ICD, Puma and cleaved caspase-3 were determined by Western blot.RESULTS: SAHA remarkably reduced the cell viability in a dose-dependent manner (P <0.05), and the IC50 value of SAHA was 1.91 μmol/L.SAHA induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner (P <0.05).The expression of Notch3 gene was negative in the H446 cells, SAHA reactivated Notch3 gene and Notch3 pathway in a dose-dependent manner (P <0.05).Notch3 knockdown inhibited apoptosis induced by SAHA (P <0.05).Over-expression of N3ICD up-regula-ted the protein levels of Puma and cleaved caspase-3.CONCLUSION: SAHA induces apoptosis in human small-cell lung cancer H446 cells by activating Notch3 pathway and up-regulating the protein level of Puma.

Objective To study the relationship between serum tumor marker level and the apoptosis regulation gene of tumor tissue in the patients with primary hepatocarcinoma .Methods 40 cases of primary hepatocarcinoma and 40 healthy people were in‐cluded into the observation group and control group .Then the levels of tumor marker GP73 ,TK1 ,DKK1 in serum and the expres‐sion of apoptosis regulation gene in tumor tissue were detected in the two groups .Results The serum GP73 ,TK1 and DKK1 levels of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group ,the difference was statistically significant (P<0 .05) .The apoptosis inhibiting gene Plk1 ,Livin and Xiap levels in the hepatocellular carcinoma tissue were higher than those in the adjacent normal tissues ,while the pro‐apoptotic gene M TS1 ,Caspase‐3 and Caspase‐8 levels were lower than those in the adjacent normal tissues ,the difference had statistical significance (P< 0 .05) ;serum GP73 ,TK1 and DKK1 levels were positively correlated with Plk1 ,Livin and Xiap levels and negatively correlated with M TS1 ,Caspase‐3 and Caspase‐8 levels .Conclusion The levels of se‐rum GP73 ,TK1 and DKK1 in the patients with primary hepatocarcinoma are abnormally increased ,moreover which are closely cor‐related with the apoptosis regulating gene expression and the ideal indexes to evaluate the disease condition of primary hepatocarci ‐noma .

Objective To observe the effects of early intravenous administration of Astragalus on brain inju-ry in neonates with severe asphyxia. Methods According to hospital serial number, 80 neonates with severe as-phyxia were divided into conventional treatment group (control group) (n=40), which was on the basis of symp-tomatic support treatment for the use of cerebrolysin and citicoline treatment; Astragalus injection treatment group (n=40), which, apart from the conventional treatment, Astragalus injection was given as soon as possible (within six hours after birth). The incidence of convulsions or frequent seizures convulsions and the mortality in two groups, the clinical degree of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and the behavior nerve score determination were ob-served and compared. Results The incidence of convulsions or frequent seizures convulsions was significantly lower in the Astragalus treatment group than in the control group (45.00% vs 67.50%, χ24.501,P<0.05). The per-centage of the behavior nerve score determination in 7 d-8d and 12 d-14d after birth was obviously lower in the for-mer group than the latter one (48.57% vs 74.19%, χ2 4.642,P<0.05; 31.42% vs 58.06%, χ24.601, P<0.05). The mortality was not significant different between the two groups (12.50 % vs 22.50%, χ22.000, P>0.05). Conclusion For severe asphyxia neonates, on the basis of the symptomatic support treatment, the use of Astragalus injection, as soon as possible, can significantly reduce the hypoxic ischemic brain injury.

Objective To study the precaution and nursing for the acute complication after traumatic cervical spine cord injury. Methods 56 patients with acute traumatic cervical spine cord injury were analyzed retrospectively.Results All the complication had been cured and none died because of the complication. Conclusion It is important to do something to relieve or prevent the complication as soon as possible.

Objective To investigate the effects of hyperfractionated radiotherapy versus hypofractionated radiotherapy combined with concurrent chemotherapy on the prognosis of limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (SCLC).Methods A total of 188 patients with limited-stage SCLC were enrolled in this study and divided into hyperfractionated group (n=92) and hypofractionated group (n=96).The hyperfractionated group received thoracic radiotherapy at 45 Gy in 30 fractions twice a day, while the hypofractionated group received 55 Gy in 22 fractions once a day.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival rates, and the Cox model was used for multivariate prognostic analysis.Results There were not significant differences in 1-, 2-, and 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates and 1-, 2-, and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates between the hyperfractionated group and the hypofractionated group (82% vs.85%, 61% vs.69%, 59% vs.69%, P=0.27;85% vs.77%, 41% vs.34%, 27% vs.27%, P=0.37).The multivariate analysis showed that the time from the initiation of chemotherapy to the initiation of thoracic radiotherapy ≤43 days was favorable prognostic factor for PFS (P=0.005).The time from the initiation of chemotherapy to the end of thoracic radiotherapy ≤63 days and prophylactic cranial irradiation were favorable prognostic factors for OS (P=0.044;P=0.000).There were significant differences in incidence rates of grade 2 and 3 acute radiation esophagitis between the two groups (28% vs.16%, 9% vs.2%, P=0.009).Conclusions Both hyperfractionated radiotherapy and hypofractionated radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy can improve the PFS and OS of patients with limited-stage SCLC.The time from the initiation of chemotherapy to the initiation of thoracic radiotherapy ≤43 days and the time from the initiation of chemotherapy to the end of thoracic radiotherapy ≤63 days are favorable prognostic factors for PFS and OS, respectively.However, the hyperfractionated group has significantly higher incidence rates of grade 2 and 3 acute radiation esophagitis than the hypofractionated group.