BACKGROUND: Cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (CDK-5) is one of the members in cyclin-dependent protein kinase family. The attention has being drawn by researchers on the relationship between the expression and distribution of CDK-5 mRNA and its protein in the brain during brain development and neural degeneration in thought-cognition.OBJECTIVE: To probe into the influence of CDK-5 on neurogeny and neural degeneration during cerebral development.DESIGN: Single factor analysis of variance.SETTING: Histological and Embryological Department and Neurobiological Department in Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Histological and Embryological Department and Neurobiological Department in Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA. Twenty-five Wistar rats of 5 phases were employed, named embryonicphase (E8-E21), neonatal phase (P0-P15),childhood (P16-2 months), grown-up phase (＞ 2 months) and senile phase (＞ 8 months), 5 rats in each group.METHODS: In situ hybridization histochemistry (ISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was adopted in brain sections from embryonic phase to senile phase.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURFS: Distribution and expression of positive cells of CDK-5 mRNA and protein in various brain areas.RESULTS: Twenty-five rats entered result analysis for all. ① The expression of CDK-5 mRNA presented in entire development from E14 to P350and was in tendency of stability after growth-up. CDK-5 mRNA localized mainly in neurons and positive regions distributed mainly in cerebral cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, cerebellum and a part of nerve nuclei. ② The expression of CDK-5 was strong after birth and it was weaker in embryonic and senile rats. Positive regions concentrated mainly in peripheral ventricle, hippocampus, cerebellum and a part of nerve nuclei.The expression only presented in hippocampus and Purkinje cellular layer of cerebellum in senile rats.CONCLUSION: CDK-5 in brain runs through entire phases of neural development, it expresses more significantly in neonatal phase and childhood and declines after growth-up, especially in senile phase. The declined expression of CDK-5 in hippocampus of senile rats is closely associated with decline of learning and memory in senility probably.

Objective To observe the change of nitric oxide(NO) content and explore its cell source following brain ischemic injury. Methods We established the model of transient global brain ischemia/reperfusion (IR) in rat. The concentration of NO and its cell source were investigated by detection of NO content, NDP histochemical staining, double label technique of immunofluorescence and stereological analysis after brain ischemia. Results (1)The content of NO increased at 12 h and peaked on days 1～3 after IR. The content of NO decreased gradually on the 5th day after IR. (2)The density of NDP positive cells increased and peaked on the 1st day after IR. The positive cells distributed mainly in the temporal cortex, hippocampus and periventricular zone after IR. The positive cells were found to reduce gradually or disappear on the 14th day after IR. (3)Few NDP positive and GFAP immunofluorescence positive cells were found to coexist at the early period of IR(1～3 d). The percentage of coexisting cells was 10%～15%. Conclusion The content of NO increases at the early period after ischemic brain injury. The main cell type to produce NO is neuron.

Objective To study the effect of clinical nursing path with graph and text instructions (GTI) on health education to patients with complex retinal detachment.Methods Toally 76 inpatients with complex retinal detachment were enrolled in the study:38 of them hosptalized from March to August 2015 were put in the control group received routine treatment and the others hosptalized from September 2015 to March 2016 as the experiment group treated with GTI.The clinical outcomes were compared.Result The patients treated with GTI were better in the knowledge of the complex retinal detachment and moreover,they felt significantly more satisfied compared to that of the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion It is beneficial to use GTI in the patients with complex retinal detachment.GTI is effective for improving their knowledge on the disease,and increasing their satisfaction with the clinical nursing.

Objective To explore the changes of plasma fibrinogen ,plasminogen and D-dimmer before and after thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) ,to provide the evidence for treatment and prognosis AMI .Methods 93 cases of patients with AMI were divided into twe groups ,reperfusion group of 77 cases ,obstract group of 16 cases .At the same pe-riod ,30 cases myocardial infarction of patients with non thrombolytic therapy were selected as control group .The levels of plasma Fib ,Plg and D-dimer in each group were detected at different times .Results The levels of Fib and D-D in AMI patients were higher than those in the control group before thrombolysis therapy (P<0 .05) .Compared with before thrombolysis therapy ,the Fib and Plg levels of AMI patients were decreased significantly after thrombolytic therapy 6 h(P<0 .01) ,and returned to the normal level after 48 h .The D-dimmer level of AMI patients was increased significantly after thrombolytic therapy 6 h(P<0 .01) ,and returned to the normal level after 7 d .After thrombolytic therapy 6 h ,the levels of Fib and Plg of reperfusion group were decreased signifi-cantly(P<0 .05) ,the level of D-dimmer was increased significantly (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The levels of plasma fibrinogen ,plas-minogen and D-dimmer have important reference value for monitor the thrombolytic therapy effect in patients with AMI .

Objective To establish the fingerprint for the dry stem in Dendrobium candidum by RP-HPLC.Methods Kromasil○RKR100-5 C18 column(250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m) was used with a mixture of acetonitrile-0.4% phosphorus acid as mobile phase in a gradient mode and the data were analyzed with ″Computer Aided Similarity Evaluation″ software.Results The chemical constituents of D.candidum were optimally separated,among which 15 fingerprint peaks in common were confirmed.Conclusion This method is simple,accurate with good reproducibility,and can be used specifically for the quality control of D.candidum.

Objective To elevate the achievement rate of kidney biopsy puncture through the analysis of puncture angle choice of ultrasound guided automatic kidney biopsy in 518 patients. Methods Under the guidance of color Doppler ultrasound,using the 3.5MHz probe with probe holder,we performed kidney biopsy in the degrees of 40°(group X),45°(group Y),60°(group Z) and 70°(group P) with the horizontal plane. Resnlts The total achievement ratio is 100 %. The one time success rate in group Y and group Z is 100 % (group Y, 164/164 ; group Z, 186/186) ;group X is 4.8% (22/46) ;group P is 84.4% (103/122).Conclusion The automatic kidney biopsy an- gle under the guidance of ultrasound should be between 45° and 60° with the horizontal plane which is safe and has higher achievement ratio. In the meantime, complications can be avoided.

To study the effect of soybean isoflavone on liver oxidative stress resulting from 60Co-gamma rays. Methods: Totally 80 normal female Kunming mice were evenly randomized into 5 groups according to body weight: 3 intervention groups, single irradiation group and normal control group. The normal group and single irradiation groups were given 0.5% CMC-Na, and the 3 intervention groups were given different doses of soybean isoflavone (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg) respectively for 14 d. The whole body of single irradiation group and intervention groups were subjected to 4.56 Gy 60Co-γ radiation once on the 7th day, and then the mice were killed on the 2nd day and the 7th day after radiation. Results: The CAT activity of liver tissue of 100,400 mg/kg intervention groups and 3 SI groups were significantly increased on the 2nd day and 7th day after irradiation(P<0.05), respectively; the GSH-Px activity of 100 mg/kg SI group was significantly increased(P<0.05) on the 7th day after irradiation; the T-SOD activity of 50 mg/kg SI group was significantly decreased (P<0.05) on the 2nd day after irradiation,while no difference was observed among remaining groups. The MDA content of 100 mg/kg group was significantly decreased on the 7th day after radiation compared with control group, and MDA content of each group subjected to irradiation were increased on the 2nd day after irradiation,but 3 SI groups nearly decreased to normal level on the 7th day after irradiation. Conclusion: The soybean isoflavone can enhance the antioxidant capability of mice, but it does not show a dose-effect relationship.

Objective To assess the anti-arrhythmic activity and cardioprotective effects of Wenxin Granula, a traditional Chinese formula (consisting of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, Polygonati Rhizoma, Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Nardostachyos Radix et Rhizoma, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, and Succinum), on heart in ischemic-induced myocardial infarction (MI) rats and compare with those of Amiodarone which have been demonstrated in clinic. Methods Rats were randomly divided into Sham-operated (control), Ml + Amiodarone [5 mg/(kg·d)] (MI), and MI + Wenxin Granula [10 mg/(kg·d)] groups and left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded in each group. After left anterior descending for 12 h, standard lead Ⅱ of administration electrocardiogram was recorded in order to analyze the occurrence of arrhythmia. After one month, the size of the infarct area of heart was evaluated by TTC staining method and haemodynamic function was assessed to detect the heart function. Laser scanning confocal microscope and the technique of patch clamp were used to detect the intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]j) and L-type calcium current (ICa-L), respectively. Results Both Wenxin Granula [10 mg/(kg·d)] and Amiodarone [5 mg/(kg·d)] could markedly decrease the incidence of arrhythmia in heart of rats which were subjected to ischemic injury. After one month, Wenxin Granula could significantly decrease mortality to 22.22% and reduce the infarct area (P < 0.05), but Amiodarone did not. The mechanism may involve that Wenxin Granula attenuated [Ca2+]j decreasing in MI rats. Additionally, Wenxin Granula could obviously ameliorate the impaired heart function of MI rats by decreasing the elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and increasing the attenuated maximum change velocity of left ventricular pressure in the isovolumic contraction or relaxation period. On the other hand, electrophysiological experiment results revealed that Wenxin Granula administration one month later also increased the reduced ICa-L density in rat ventricular myocytes in MI rats. The results of LSCM showed that Wenxin Granula could recover the amplitude of [Ca2+]j decreased by heart failure during long term. Conclusion Wenxin Granula could not only inhibit the incidence of arrhythmia but also decrease the mortality, which was accompanied by recovering the amplitude of [Ca2+]j. This protective effect of Wenxin Granula may partially be mediated through changing ICa-L.as well as increasing [Ca2+]j.

Objective To investigate the correlation of serum osteoprotegerin (OPG) and calcium levels with cerebral microbleeds in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods A total of 97 patients with acute ischemic stroke were selected as the study subjects and divided into cerebral microbleed (group 31 patients with) and non-cerebral microbleed (group 66 patients) based on the results of susceptibility-weighted imaging. Demographic data and laboratory examination indicators were collected from the two groups, and serum OPG and calcium levels were measured. The levels of serum OPG and calcium were compared between patients with different degrees of lesion and bleeding sites. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to determine the correlations of serum OPG and calcium with cerebral microbleeds. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the influencing factors of cerebral microbleeds. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to assess the predictive value of serum OPG and calcium for cerebral microbleeds. Results Significant differences were observed in age, proportions of patients with drinking and hypertension as well as diabetes, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and serum OPG and calcium levels between the cerebral microbleed group and the non-cerebral microbleed group (P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that older age, history of alcohol consumption, history of hypertension, high systolic blood pressure, and high OPG level were independent risk factors for cerebral microbleeds (OR=1.480, 1.330, 1.843, 1.632, 1.652; P < 0.05), while high calcium level was an independent protective factor for cerebral microbleeds (OR=0.721, P < 0.05). The AUC values for the prediction of cerebral microbleeds in acute ischemic stroke patients using serum OPG or calcium alone, and their combination were 0.853, 0.825, and 0.921, respectively, with the combined prediction showing higher value than the individual prediction (Z=2.895, 3.138; P < 0.05). Spearman rank correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between serum OPG and the severity of cerebral microbleeds (r_s=0.736, P < 0.05) and a negative correlation between calcium and the severity of cerebral microbleeds (r_s=-0.752, P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in serum OPG and calcium levels between patients with cerebral microbleeds in different locations (P > 0.05). Conclusion Elevated serum OPG and reduced calcium levels are observed in patients with acute ischemic stroke and cerebral microbleeds. The levels of serum OPG and calcium are closely related to the severity of cerebral microbleeds, and early combined detection can effectively predict the risk of cerebral microbleeds.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of Bailing capsule combined with conventional western medicine on diabetic nephropathy patientswith maintenance peritoneal dialysis. Methods:Eighty-six type 2 diabetic nephropathy patients receiving peritoneal dialysis in our hospital from February of 2016 to February of 2019 were selected and were divided into control group and observation group according to the random number table method with 43 cases in each group. All patients received continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Patients in the control group received routine treatment. In the observation group, patients took Bailing capsules based on the treatment of the control group. The two groups were treated continuously for 3 months. Insulin resistance (IR), fasting blood glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FINS), renal function, and serum levels of microinflammatory factors high sensitivity c-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were compared in the two groups. Results:After the treatment, FPG, FINS, HOMA-IR, blood creatinine, urea nitrogen, and 24 h urinary protein in the observation group were significantly less than those of the control group ( t value were 5.204, 8.227, 14.070, 5.022, 5.900, 5.246, respectively, all Ps<0.01). After thetreatment, serum levels of hs-CRP, IL-6, IL-17, TNF-α in the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group ( t value were 12.871, 7.021, 7.733, 8.165, respectively, all Ps<0.01). Conclusions:Bailing capsule can effectively improve the insulin resistance and renal function of diabetic nephropathy patients during maintenance peritoneal dialysis and relieve the state of micro-inflammation.