Objective To investigate the calculation method and its inlfuencing factors of Z scores in the aortic root diameters measured by echocardiography in children. Methods A total of 105 children with median age 19 months, who came to Shenzhen Children′s Hospital from March 2012 to October 2012 were included. The diameters of aortic ring (ARD) and aortic sinus (ASD) were measured by two dimension echocardiography, Z scores of ARD and ASD were calculated using two different normal reference values regression equation and mean square error derived from Shenzhen children′s hospital (C method) and Pettersen et al (P method). The regression equation from C method and body surface area (BSA) formula from P method were adopted to calculate Z scores of ARD and ASD (ZH method). The Z results of ARD and ASD calculated by those three methods were compared and were analyzed for their normality probability distributions. Results Z scores of ARD and ASD derived from C method were all showed as normal distribution (P=0.067 and 0.650). Z scores of ARD and ASD derived from P method were all showed as normal distribution (P=0.208 and 0.970). Z score of ARD derived from ZH method was showed as non-normal distribution (P=0.027), but Z score of ASD was normal distribution (P=0.430). There were no significant differences in ARD-Z calculated by C method (0.41±0.89), P method (0.23±0.85) and ZH method (0.36±0.94) (F=1.117, P=0.309). There were signiifcant differences in the Z scores of ASD calculated by C method (0.38±0.89), P method (0.58±0.71) and ZH method (0.36±0.84) (F=5.443, P=0.005). Z scores of ARD (r=0.917, P=0.000) and ASD (r=0.900, P=0.000) calculated by C method correlated well with that by P method. Conclusions Calculation method of BSA and normal reference values regression equation were the main influencing factors of Z score value in quantifying children aortic root diameters by echocardiography. For the clinical applications. The normal reference value should be used which is suitable for the Chinese children.

The event-related potential (ERP) P300 was recorded to analyze the temporal sequences character and the P300 compositions in premeditated and temporary deception. When 15 healthy undergraduates watched the stolen, familiar but not stolen and strange object pictures, the reaction time was recorded and EEG data were collected to analyze the amplitudes of N1, N2 and P3 sub-component of P300 in honesty and deception group respectively through analog theft paradigm. The results showed that the amplitudes of N1, N2 and P3 in premeditated deception group were markedly larger than those in temporary deception, and the reaction time of deception group was longer than that of honesty group. Compared with temporary deception, more attention resources were invested and intensely response conflict was induced by premeditated deception.
Deception ; Electroencephalography ; Event-Related Potentials, P300 ; physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Lie Detection ; Male ; Reaction Time ; physiology ; Young Adult

Objective:To investigate the perioperative risk factors in contribution of hyperbilirubinemia following cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) assisted cardiovascular surgery, of which cutoff values of key factors are defined.Methods:1 286 patients received cardiac surgery assisted by CPB from January 2017 to March 2019 were included in the study. The perioperative data and the peak serum total bilirubin at selected timepoints were recorded. Logistic regression of multi-factor analysis was used to define risk factors and then broken-line analysis was applied to predict the risky threshold. Results:312(24.26%)patients developed hyperbilirubinemia after surgery, with the in-hospital mortality rate up to 34.62%(108 cases). In those patients, valve surgery(45.51%, 142/312), great vessel open surgery(37.82%, 118/312) and heart transplantation(7.69%, 24/312) were mostly performed. The duration of postoperative ICU stay and the use of ventilation were 6 days and 68 hours, which were significantly higher than those in non-hyperbilirubinemia group( P<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression showed that the postoperative ventilation time>49 h, the cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) time>181 min and the abnormal preoperative liver function, use of intra-aortic balloon pump and extracorporeal membrane oxygen, unplanned re-exploration for bleeding were the risk factors for postoperative hyperbilirubinemia( P<0.01). The cutoff duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation and CPB affecting the incidence of hyperbilirubinemia, ICU days and in-hospital mortality were 120.21 h and 143.26 min, 248.20 h and 239.51 min, 259.50 h and 190.60 min, respectively. Conclusion:Preoperative abnormal liver function, intraoperative CPB time, postoperative mechanical ventilation time, postoperative use of IABP or ECMO assistance, and unplanned secondary thoracotomy were high-risk factors for hyperbilirubinemia after CPB-assisted cardiovascular surgery.