OBJECTIVE: To propose feasible strategies for the pharmaceutical development in the West of China METHODS:To analyse the pharmaceutical industry,pharmaceutical business,traditional Chinese medicine and current national pharmaceutical situation,and the existing problems in the West RESULTS & CONCLUSION:A series of strategies concerning the pharmaceutical development in the West are brought forth in order to promote the healthy development of the pharmaceutical industry there ,including ideology strategy,sustainability strategy,innovation strategy,talent strategy,policy strategy,methodology strategy,management strategy,patent strategy,and brand strategy

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for Chinese pharmaceutical retail chain enterprises in making marketing strategy.METHODS:According to the organization and operational model of Chinese pharmaceutical retail chain enterprises,their practicable marketing strategy was discussed.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:Chinese pharmaceutical retail chain enterprises should make practicable and feasible marketing strategy to promote market competition ability basing on self-condition.

OBJECTIVE:To seek for the countermeasures to standardize the administration of medical consultation service in the retail pharmacy.METHODS:To analyse the existing problems of the consultation service in the retail pharmacy.RESULT_S&CONCLUSION:We suggest that the consultation service should be carried out by speciallyassigned persons,CIS should be introduced,computer network should be manipulated and a standardized administration system should be established.Only in this way can the quality of service be raised and the security of medication of the public be ensured.

Objective:To study the effects of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand-RANKL in osteoblasts (OBs) activiated by Porphyromonas endodontalis(Pe),and to investigate the bone resorptive pathogenesis induced by Pe.Methods:Primary rat calvarial osteoblasts were cultured, then were infected with Pe ATCC 35406 at the density of 107 and 109 CFU/ml respectively for 24 h.To determine the kinetic effect of Pe on OBs,107 CFU/ml of Pe was used to stimulate the cells for 0,6,12,18 and 24 h respectively, RT-PCR were used to examine the RANKL mRNA expression.Results:The grey level ratio of RANKL mRNA expression to ?-actin in untreated OBs was 0.32,that in the cells infected by 107 and 109 CFU/ml of Pe for 24 h was increased to 1.73 and 2.24 respectively.Infected by 107 CFU/ml of Pe for 6,12 and 18 h,the ratio was 0.93,2.01 and 1.97 respectively.Conclusion:Pe may stimulate RANKL expresson in osteoblasts.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of enteral nutrition combined with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) acupuncture and moxibustion for treatment of craniocerebral trauma complicated by gastric paralysis.Methods A prospective study was conducted.One hundred and sixty-seven patients with craniocerebral trauma complicated by gastric paralysis admitted to the Department of Neurological Critical Care Medicine in Affiliated Hospital of the Logistics University Chinese People's Armed Police Force from January 2013 to October 2015 were divided into single group (83 cases) and combined group (84 cases) according to the random number table method.The basic treatment program was the same in the two groups.On the basis of gastrointestinal decompression,a nasojejunal tube was indwelled in the digestive canal of the patients in single group,and the nutrient food could be given by dripping slowly and continuously through the tube into the body,while in the combined group,they were additionally treated by acupuncture and moxibustion at auricular point,zusanli and neiguan acupoints,1 time a day,each time 30 minutes.Both groups were treated consecutively for 30 days,and then the clinical efficacies were evaluated.Before and after treatment in both groups,the changes of total serum protein (TP),pre-albumin (PA),hemoglobin (Hb) were observed;the incidences of reflux,vomiting,abdominal distension,diarrhea,pulmonary infection and intestine derived infection were also evaluated.Results After treatment the levels of TP,PA,Hb were significantly higher in combined group than those in the single group [TP (g/L):36.97 ± 2.17 vs.33.14± 2.13,PA (mg/L):215.19 ± 7.91 vs.203.15 ± 6.12,Hb (g/L):126.73 ± 11.17 vs.117.61 ± 11.24,all P ＜ 0.01].The numbers of patients with reflux,vomiting,abdominal distension,diarrhea were significantly lower in combined group than those in the single group,respectively (the number of patients had reflux being 15 cases vs.31 cases,vomiting 13 cases vs.28 cases,abdominal distension 17 cases vs.29 cases,diarrhea 17 cases vs.31 cases) and pulmonary infection (17 cases vs.29 cases),intestine derived infection (4 cases vs.12 cases),all the above comparisons showing statistically (all P ＜0.05).Conclusions Enteral nutrition combined with acupuncture and moxibustion treatment can effectively enhance the patients' nutritional status,reduce gastrointestinal dysfunction and the incidence of complications,thus the prognosis of patients with craniocerebral trauma complicated by gastric paralysis is obviously improved.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of chest low-dose CT (LDCT) combined with computer-aided detection (CAD) system for lung cancer screening in high risk population. Methods Two hundred and nineteen healthy candidates underwent 64-slice LDCT scan. All images were reviewed in consensus by two radiologists with 15 years of thoracic CT diagnosis experience. Then the image data were analyzed with CAD alone. Finally images were reviewed by two radiologists with 5 years of CT diagnosis experience with and without CT Viewer software. The sensitivity, false positive rate of CAD for pulmonary nodule detection were calculated. SPSS 11.5 software and Chi-square test were used for the statistics. Results Of 219 candidates ,104(47.5% )were detected with lung nodules. There were 366 true nodules confirmed by the senior radiologists. The CAD system detected 271 (74.0%)true nodules and 424 false-positive nodules. The false-positive rate was 1.94/per case. The two junior radiologists indenfifid 292(79.8%), 286(78.1%) nodules without CAD and 336 (91.8%), 333 (91.0%) nodules with CAD respectively. There were significant differences for radiologists in indentifying nodules with or without CAD system (P<0.01). Conclusions CAD is more sensitive than radiologists for indentifying the nodules in the central area or in the hilar region of the lung. While radiologists are more sensitive for the peripheral and sub-pleural nodules,or ground glass opacity nodules, or nodules smaller than 4 mm. CAD can not be used alone. The detection rate can be improved with the combination of radiologist and CAD in LDCT screen.

Objective To retrieve and analyze the available evidence on prevention of needlestick injuries among healthcare workers and summarize the best available evidence.Methods We searched the BMJ best practice,Uptodata,Cochrane Library(2014),Joanna Briggs Institute Library,Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario,Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network,National Guideline Clearinghouse,and complementally searched the PubMed,EM-base,CNKI and Centers for Disease Control to collect literatures including guideline,evidence summary,best practice information sheet,recommended practice and systematic review.Results Nine references were selected including a clinical decision support system,3 evidence summaries,2 recommended practices and 3 systematic review.Finally,7 items of best evidence were summarized,including:wearing double gloves,never recapping needles,using blunt-tip suture,using a neutral zone for passing sharp device,adopting the safety features of sharps,using sharp disposal containers,and continuous education for needlestick injuries.Conclusion Healthcare workers should regulate their behaviors of using sharp instruments during clinical practice and guarantee personal safety by consulting high level evidence.

Objective To study the clinical value of heart‐type fatty acid binding protein(H‐FABP) ,high‐sensitive cTnI(hs‐cT‐nI),homocysteine(Hcy)andcystatinc(Cys‐C)intheearlydiagnosisofacutemyocardialinfarction(AMI).Methods 150casesof AMI patients with coronary arteriography (AMI group) were selected from the cardiovascular department admitted within the first 6hours of chest pain attack .An additional 30 case for control group .The level of four novel cardiac marker were measured in each group of serum .Results The level of serum H‐FABP ,hs‐cTnI ,Hcy and Cys‐C in AMI group were markedly higher than control group(P<0 .05) ,and rose with the increase of coronary artery lesions with statistical difference (P<0 .05) .Each cardiac markers showed high specificity in the diagnosis of AMI ,amongst which H‐FABP and hs‐cTnI ,stood out with sensitivity of 97 .34% and 89 .98% respectively .With Youden index ,positive likelihood ration ,negative likelihood ration ,positive predictive value and negative predictive value ,H‐FABP and hs‐cTnI appeared to have higher diagnostic value than Hcy and Cys‐C in AMI .Conclusion H‐FABP and hs‐cTnI displayed significant clinical value as a most sensitive indicator in the early diagnosis of AMI (within 6 hours of attack) . The level of H‐FABP ,hs‐cTnI ,Hcy and Cys‐C elevated as coronary artery lesions increase .

Objective To compare the therapeutic effect and complication of immediate and selective interlocked intramedullary nailing in treatment of open tibial shaft fractures. Methods A total of 123 open tibial shaft fractures of 102 cases were treated with immediate fixation with interlocked intramedullary nailing after debridement (Group A) and with selective fixation with interlocking intramedullary nailing after debridement and closing the wound (Group B). Results The follow up for more than half a year showed that all fractures were healed, with excellent joint function of knee and ankle. Of all, 12 cases with skin necrosis and defect but without deep infection were healed after pedicle flap reconstruction. The result of Group A was much better than that of Group B in regard of total operation time, hospital stay, cost, amount of antibiotics used and partial weight bearing. No statistical difference in therapeutic effects and complications was found between two group. Conclusion Infection is not the contra-indication of interlocked intramedullary nailing in open tibial fractures. Immediate operation can be done after thorough debridement.

Objective To evaluate the implementation of the national essential medicine system in Shaanxi Province.Methods Using a standardized methodology (2008 Edition) developed by the World Health Organization(WHO) and Health Action International(HAD,data on the prices and availability of 38 essential medicines were collected from 120 primary,secondary and tertiary public hospitals in ten cities of Shaanxi Province from March to May 2012.Results The availability of essential medicines is generally low at public hospitals in Shaanxi province,as the average availability of originator brands is but 5.9％,and that of generics of the lowest prices is but 23.9％,while this availability at tertiary hospitals is higher than hospitals of lower levels.The procurement prices of originator drugs within essential medicines are distinctly higher than the international reference prices for the originator brands,and slightly higher for the lowest priced generics.The procurement prices at primary care hospitals are slightly lower than that of other hospitals.Retail prices of essential medicine are not significantly different among regions of different income levels.Affordability of originator brands is poor,while that of their generic equivalents is good.Conclusion The government is recommended to adjust the national essential medicine list,expand the variety of essential medicine moderately,improve the medicine pricing mechanism,and deepen public hospitals reform.