Surgery in combination with chemotherapy and radiotherapy is the standard of lung cancer treatment,but postoperative recurrence is very common which usually leads to higher mortality and lower life quality. Immunotherapy on post-operative patients fully mobilizes the body's defense mechanisms,activates the immune cells,and kills residual cancer cells. Current research on lung cancer immunotherapy mainly includes four categories:adoptive immunotherapy,dendritic cell vaccine,non-specific antigen immune therapy and anti-gen-specific vaccine. These studies show lung cancer immunotherapy intervention can effectively reduce postop-erative residual cancer cells,reduce postoperative recurrence rate,prolong survival,significantly improve the prognosis,and is worth spreading in clinical practice.

Objective To study the positive rates of oligoclonal bands(OCB)and the IgG index in patients with multiple sclerosis(MS)and in other nervous system disorders(OND).Methods Cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)and serum were collected from 54 patients with MS,271 patients with OND including 62 patients with infections of central nervous system and 209 patients with non-infections.The OCB and IgG index of CSF and serum were detected.Results The positive rate of OCB was 35.2% in MS,8.9% in OND(P<0.05),in which 24.2% in infections of central nervous system(P>0.05),4.5% in non-infections of central nervous system.The positive rate of IgG index was 83.3% in MS,78.2% in OND(P>0.05).Conclusion OCB is helpful to diagnose MS if infection diseases have be excluded,while IgG index can be referenced.

Objective:To detect serum antibody to CJ in GBS patients with LPS purified from CJ strains (CJ LPS) and total CJ constituents (CJ T) as antigens and to deduce whether LPS is surely the epitope of CJ in the induction of CJ antibodies from the difference between the positive rates of both the two assays with CJ LPS and CJ T and from the concordance rates of the positive cases Methods:Sera from 81 GBS patients, 34 patients with other neurological diseases (OND) and 63 normal controls (NC) were tested with CJ LPS and CJ T by indirect ELISA method CJ LPS was purified by phenol water extraction method from 15 CJ strains of various Penner serotypes, including those isolated from GBS patients CJ T was made by collecting the heat stable constituents of CJ Results:The positively infective rate of GBS were 51 9% by CJ LPS and 56 8% by CJ T antigens There is significant difference between GBS and NC in both assays, as well as OND There is no difference between the positively infective rate of GBS patients detected with the two sets of antigens and between concordance rates of the positive cases Conclusion:High incidence of GBS following CJ infection was confirmed once more, and LPS is probably one of the epitopes of CJ in the induction of CJ antibodies

Objective To investigate the serum levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines and explore its roles in development and clinical features in the elderly patients with eczema. Methods The serum levels of interleukin-2(IL-2),interleukin 4(IL-4),interleukin-10(IL-10),interleukin-12(IL-12) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were derected in 50 elderly patients with eczema and 34 healthy elderly as control by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The above cytokines were compared between acute and chronic,generalized and localized eczema. Results The serum levels of IL-2 [(16.03±0.47)vs.(15.72±0.33) μg/L],IL-4[(14.04±0.56) vs.(13.56±0.16) μg/L],IL-10 [(33.01±5.40) vs.(29.49± 1.07) μg/L],IL-12 [(39.32± 3.54) vs.(37.93± 1.17) μg/L]and TNF-α [(27.33±0.72) vs.(26.38±0.48) μg/L] were higher in elderly eczema than in control (t/t'=3.55,5.74,4.49,2.58,6.69,all P＜0.05).The serum levels of all cytokines tested in acute eczema(t/t'=3.59,4.68,3.35,2.00,6.44,all P＜0.05),the levels of IL2,IL-4,IL-10 and TNF-α t'=2.46,5.50,3.83,3.10,P＜0.05,but not IL-12 (t'=1.77,P＜0.05) inchronic elderly eczema were increased as compared with control ( P ＜0.05).No significant difference was found in cytokines levels between acute and chronic eczema (P＞0.05)as well as between generalized and localized eczema(t=0.18,5.74,4.49,0.91,0.25,1.11,P＞0.05). Conclusions Changes of Th1 and Th2 cytokines may play some role in the pathogenesis of elderly eczema,but not characterized by clinical types of eczema.

Objective To analyze the stroke subtypes and influencing factors in four largest economic regions of China.Methods We analyzed the investigation data of QUEST(Quality Evaluation of Stroke Care and Treatment)study conducted in 2006 which included 62 hospitals in a national scale.According to the concept of four economic regions designed by the Development Research Center of the State Council,we performed the univariate and multivariate analysis for the stroke subtypes and its related risk factors in the different economic regions.Results There were 3362(73.5％)ischemic stroke patients and 1214(26.5％)hemorrhagic stroke patients among the total 4576 first-ever stroke patients.Comparison of stroke subtypes in the four different economic regions was statistically significant(P ＜ 0.001),with a percentage of 80.8％ ischemic stroke patients in the northeastern region,78.9％ in the eastern region,68.3％ in the central region and 67.0％ in the western region.The comparisons of risk factors such as history of hypertension,diabetes,hyperlipidaemia,coronary artery event,atrial fibrillation,and overweight in the four different economic regions were also statistically significant(P ＜0.05).Conclusions The subtypes of first-ever stroke vary in the four largest economic regions with a highest proportion of ischemic stroke in the northeastern region and relatively high proportion of hemorrhagic stroke in the central and western economic regions.There are also discrepancies of stroke risk factors in the different economic regions.

Objective To evaluate whether therapeutic ultrasound, applied alone or with urokinase, may have a thrombolytic effect on blood clots in vitro, and the other factors influencing the urokinase-mediated thrombolysis. Methods Experiments were carried out in an in vitro blood clot model.The blood clots were divided into four groups as physiological solution group(NS), urokinase group(UK),physiological solution plus ultrasound group(NS + US), urokinase group plus ultrasound group(UK + US).After intervention of one hour in static 37 ℃ water bath, each group of blood clots was weighed. After that,the weight loss and thrombolysis rate of the blood clots in each group were calculated. To observe the impact of the age of the blood clots on urokinase-mediated thrombolysis rate, the thrombolysis rate of eight time points 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 hours was tested. The time was determined from the blood drawn from the body to the initiation of thrombolysis test. Results In terms of thrombolysis rate, there was significant difference between UK group and UK + US group(LSD-t 12. 1, P ＜ 0.01), with a thrombolysis rate 29. 3% ±8. 2% and 37. 5% ±7. 9%, respectively. However, the difference of thrombolysis rate between NS group and NS + US group with a thrombolysis rate 13. 4% ±4. 4% and 14. 5% ± 5.4%, respectively,was not statistically significant with a P value of 0. 08(LSD-t 1.8). The age of the blood clots had a negative correlation to the thrombolysis rate to some extent. Conclusion Therapeutic ultrasound has a significant effect on thrombolysis in combination with urokinase rather than used alone. To a certain extent,the thrombolysis rate decreases with the age of blood clot.

Objective To study MR imaging manifestations of the mesorectum and mesorectal fascia. Methods 100 cases were divided into five groups according to the age. All MR images were retrospectively observed and analyzed by two radiologists.The observing contents included: ①exhibition of the mesorectal fascia, ②the signal intensity of the mesorectum and the pelvic fat and ③the thickness ratio of the mesorectum and the subcutaneous fat in different ages. All data were dealed with SPSS 10.0 software. Results The showing rate of the anterior, posterior, left and right mesorectal fascia respectively were 77, 100, 91 and 93 by MR imaging. The signal intensity of the mesorectum(550.8843) was significantly higher than that(469.8693) of pelvic fat in all five groups(P﹤0.05) and the signal difference between the mesorectum and the pelvic fat could be detected by naked eye. The thickness of the mesorectum and the subcutaneous fat had no association with ages.Conclusion MRI can display the mesorectum and mesorectal fascia clearly. The signal intensity of the mesorectum is significantly higher than that of pelvic fat in five groups. The thickness of the mesorectum and the subcutaneous fat have no association with ages.

Objective To investigate the difference of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness(RNFL)in opti-cal coherence tomography(OCT)under low and moderate signal strength. Methods Four hundred eyes of people aged 46~75 with clear fundus image,no obvious fundus diseases,and satisfactory optical coherence tomography were classified according to their ages and signal strength. The peripapillary and 4 quadrants of RNFL were detect-ed with OCT. Results In satisfactory OCT images ,the signal strength that reached 4/10 and 7/10 was 1.5% and 27% respectively. Under low and moderate signal strength ,the maximum thickness of RNFL was at the superior and inferior,and the minimum thickness of RNFL was at the nasal and temporal. There were no significant differ-ences in RNFL thickness under low or moderate signal strength. Conclusion RNFL results are reliable under low and moderate signal strength.

BACKGROUND:The structure surrounding upper thoracic spine is complicated. Transverse diameter of pedicle was relatively smal . There were important organs in front of the vertebral body. Screws deviated from axis or screws were too long. The safety and effectiveness of screw implantation were not implemented. It is necessary to understand the key structure of surroundings. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the relationship of anatomic position between the axis of screw of pedicle of upper thoracic spine and key adjacent structure of the vertebral body. METHODS:A total of 30 healthy adult volunteers received T 1-T 4 pedicle axis paral el to CT scans. The positions of esophagus, trachea position, aortic arch, carotid and vertebral arteries were observed when the pedicle screw was implanted along the pedicle axis. The shortest distance on both sides of a vertebral pedicle axis from these structures was measured. Paired t-test was utilized for analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:240 measurement parameters were analyzed. The distance from the left pedicle axis on T 1-3 to esophagus was smal , and the left pedicle on T 2 was minimal. The distance from the right pedicle axis on T 2-4 to trachea was smal . The distance from right pedicle axis on T 3 , T 4 to right main bronchus was smal . Carotid and vertebral artery did not show the risk of injury. 62%of the patients were in the aortic arch on T 4 plane, and no risk of damage was found. These results indicated that the left pedicle screws were easy to damage the esophagus, and the right pedicle screw was easy to damage trachea. Carotid artery, vertebral artery and aortic arch were not easy to be damaged. The anatomic position of easily damaged structure could be identified by careful analysis of CT data before screw implantation in the pedicle of upper thoracic spine.

OBJECTIVE To explore the factors and effective preventive method of nosocomial lower respiratory(infection) after general anesthesia through trachea intubation.METHODS Using bacterial culture and identification technique to detect the samples collected from pipe and the sides of anesthetic machine,from disposable virus/(bacteri)a respiratory filter and buccal and bronchial secretion of patients with general anesthesia through trachea(intubation.) RESULTS Eight of 15 anesthetic machines without disinfection were with positive bacterial culture.All sides of virus/bacteria respiratory filter,and buccal and bronchial secretion of patients during operation had same(bacteria.) No bacteria growth was found in anesthetic machine and disposable virus/bacteria respiratory filter used after operation.The same bacteria as from buccal secretion were isolated from anesthetic machine in patients(without) using virus/bacteris respiratory filter.CONCLUSIONS The(results) showed the anesthetic machine is more easy to be contaminated by patients,and the reuse of anesthetic machine is an important factor for nosocomial(lower) respiratory infection after general anesthesia through trachea intubation.Intensifying periodic disinfection of(anesthetic) machine and using virus/bacteria respiratory filter can prevent contamination between anesthetic(machine) and patients and decrease nosocomial lower respiratory(infection) after operation.