It is important in clinical practice to identify the types of serum free light chain (FLC),especially to measure the concentration of serum FLC.The serum FLC assay in combination with other serum protein analysis are very valuable in the diagnosis,monitor,and response evaluation of patients with plasma cell disorders(PCD).The methods progress of the measurement of serum FLC and clinical application in diagnosis and evaluation of treatment are reviewed.

This article introduced the method and procedure of measuring the electrical skin resistance(ESR) by the digital electrical skin-resistance meter.And the factors affecting the ESR were discussed in the article.

Objective To study the changes of diamine oxidase (DAO)levels in neonates with hypoxic -is-chemic encephalopathy (HIE)treated with selective brain hypothermi,also to further evaluate Scores for Newborn Gastrointestinal Functior (SNGF).Methods 60 newborns with moderate and severe HIE who were in the NICU of our department from June 2013 to December 2014 were collected.The 60 newborns were randomly divided into hypo-thermia treatment group (HG)and conventional treatment group(CG).The serum was collected and ELISA method was used to test the consistency of DAO on admission and 7 days afterwards,respectively.Meanwhile,the SNGF level of the two groups at the two time points was compared.Results Neither the DAO and SNGF level of the two groups had statistical difference on admission(all P >0.05).Seven days later,both the DAO of the two groups and the SNGF decreased[(12.51 ±1.53)u/mL vs (7.88 ±1.87)u/mL,however,the variation of the hypothermia treatment group was apparently more significant than the change of the conventional treatment group(P =0.011).The SNGF scores of the two groups all decreased,while the hypothermia treatment group was significantly lower than the conventional treat-ment group,the difference were statistically significant (P =0.044,0.006,0.013).Besides,there was remarkably positive correlation between serum DAO level and SNGF (r1 =-0.825,r2 =-0.876,all P <0.05).Conclusion Hypothermia treatment could effectively reduce the injury of asphyxia neonatal gastrointestinal tract by inhibiting the level of DAO,thus improve the gastrointestinal function.

Objective To investigate the potential therapeutic effect of luteolin on sepsis-induced ALI and the underlying mechanisms.Methods Total of 50 mice were randomly(random number) divided into five groups:a sham control group,a sepsis-induced ALI group,and three sepsis groups pre-treated with 20,40,and 80 mg/kg body weight luteolin.Mice in the treatment groups were pre-treated with luteolin at the respective oral dose two days before ALI induction.The lungs were isolated for histopathological examinations,and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for biochemical analyses.Results Luteolin significantly attenuated sepsis-induced ALI.Additionally,luteolin treatment decreased protein and inflammatory cytokine concentration and the number of infiltrated inflammatory cells in BALF compared with that in the non-treated sepsis mice.Pulmonary myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was lower in the luteolin-pre-treated sepsis groups than in the sepsis group.The mechanism underlying the protective effect of luteolin on sepsis is related to the up-regulation of certain antioxidation genes,including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS),cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2),superoxide dismutases (SODs),and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1),and the reduction of inflammatory responses through blockage of the activation of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway.Conclusions Luteolin pre-treatment inhibits sepsis-induced ALI through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activity,suggesting that luteolin may be a potential therapeutic agent for sepsis-induced ALI.

Objective: To investigate the serum expression and influencing factors of hepcidinin patients with classical paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) . Methods: Retrospective analysis of 36 classical PNH patients from 2016.3 to 2017.3. Serum hepcidin concentration was measured by ELISA method. The relationship between serum hepcidin concentration and erythropoiesis and iron homeostasis parameters was evaluated. Results: The median serum hepcidin level of 36 classical PNH patients was 32.03 (23.11, 118.48) μg/L, it was significantly lower than of 181.42 (106.80, 250.53) μg/L in 292 normal control subjects (z=-5.107, P<0.001) . The median serum hepcidin of 56.41 (44.60, 95.06) μg/L in PNH patients with normal ferritin was significantly lower than that in normal controls. The median serum hepcidin concentration 23.75 (21.77, 30.35) μg/L in iron deficiency PNH patients was lower than that in the normal ferritin PNH patients. However, the median serum hepcidin level of classical PNH with elevated ferritin patients 336.19 (304.19, 375.08) μg/L was significantly higher not only than that of normal ferritin and iron deficiency PNH ones, but also than that of normal control subjects. Regression analysis showed that serum ferritin, transferrin saturation and serum albumin level were independent influencing factors of serum hepcidin level in patients with classical PNH. Conclusion The decreased serum hepcidin level in patients with classical PNH was mainly influenced by iron metabolism factors.

Objective: To investigate the clinical and laboratory features of Aeromonas bacteremia in patients with hematological diseases, and provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of Aeromonas infection. Methods: A retrospective study of patients with bloodstream infection of Aeromonas in our hospital from January 2014 to December 2018 was carried out. The clinical characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibility, infection seasons, antimicrobial therapy and evolution were analyzed. Results: A total of 42 patients with hematological diseases had Aeromonas bloodstream infection within 5 years. Among them, 39 cases (92.9%) of bloodstream infection occurred in the stage of neutropenia. The median time of fever was 4 (1-27) d, 22 (52.4%) patients only had fever, 6 (14.3%) with gastrointestinal symptoms (abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, upper gastrointestinal bleeding) , 8 (19.0%) with pulmonary infection, 13 (31.0%) with skin and soft tissue infections. Seven patients (16.7%) died with skin and soft tissue infection. The resistance of Aeromonas to carbapenems was 68.3%-70.7%, while the resistance rate to cephalosporins, quinolones and aminoglycosides were less than 10%. Conclusions Aeromonas bacteremia in patients with hematological diseases mainly occur in the neutropenia stage, usually with symptom like fever. The mortality is increased when accompanied by skin and soft tissue infection. Antibiotic use should be based on susceptibility results, and avoid the use of carbapenems.