Objective To evaluate the changes parameters of polysomnographic ( PSG) with different subtypes of primary Parkinson's disease ( PD ) and analyze the clinical characteristics of sleep disorders in PD patients. Methods Ninety patients with primary PD [ tremor-predominant PD group ( n = 40 ) , postural instability gait disorder ( PIGD )-predominant PD group ( n = 50 ) ] and 50 healthy controls were detected by full night PSG monitoring. And the results were compared. Results Compared with tremor-predominant PD group, the total sleep time, bed time, sleep wake-up times, sleep efficiency and rapid eye movement ( REM ) sleep time of PIGD-predominant PD group were significantly lower (all P<0. 05), however, the sleep latency, S1 (min), S1 (%), S2 (min), S2 (%), S3+S4(min), S3+S4 (%) had no statistical significance (all P>0. 05). Compared with the controls, the total sleep time and bed time of tremor-predominant PD group were significantly lower (all P<0. 05), however, the sleep wake-up times, sleep efficiency, REM sleep time, sleep latency, S1 ( min ) , S1 (%) , S2 (min), S2 (%), S3 + S4 (min), S3 + S4 (%) had no statistical significance (all P>0. 05). Combined with video surveillance video observation,the abnormality of REM sleep behavior disorder ( RBD) was 70% with PIGD-predominant PD group, in which the abnormality of tremor-predominant PD group was 2. 5%. Conclusions The PIGD-predominant PD patients are more likely to appear sleep disorders and RBD than tremor-predominant PD patients. It may be related to clinical heterogeneity of different PD subtypes.

Visfatin is a highly conserved protein expressed by visceral fat tissues that previously identified as pre B cell colony-enchancing factor (PBEF). Visfatin is a 52 ku cytokine and has been shown to exert multiple distinct biological activities. By interacting with insulin receptors, visfatin exhibits insulin mimicking or antagonizing effects under different circumstances. In addition, it possesses an nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (Nampt) activity inside the cells, which functions at the rate-limiting step along the pathway of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) biosyntheses. And finally, as an extracellular cytokine, visfatin is able to induce the expression of inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF?, IL-1? and IL-6. Visfatin has drawn increasing attentions to researchers for its close association with a variety of human metabolic and acute/chronic inflammatory diseases or disorders, including diabetes, obesity, acute lung injury, rheumatoid arthritis, sepsis, myocardial infarction and inflammatory bowel disease. Recently, the SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) analyses of visfatin and its promoter regions have provided more in-depth understandings of its roles in disease pathogenesis. A discussion in the current knowledge of the structure and diversified functions of visfatin, as well as its connections with a variety of common diseases was given.

OBJECTIVE To observe the bacterial biofilm formation on indwelling double J stent in the human body.METHODS A prospective study of 42 cases with double J stent indwelling in the human body after operation was conducted.The stent was divided into 4 segments then detected microbiologicaly in a separate manner and observed with scanning electron microscope for the presence of bacterial biofilm.RESULTS From 42 cases with douple J stent,only one case was without any bacteria in four segments.20 cases(47.6%) had the same bacteria in four segments.The bacterial positive rate of each segment was pelvic segment(81.0%),upper ureter segment(64.3%),lower ureter segment(71.4%) and bladder segment(83.3%);totally 18 kinds and 126 bacterial strains were flund.the most popular pathogens were Escherichia coli(23.0%),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(15.9%),corynebacterium(15.1%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis(13.5%).On the surface of unused double J stent,there was uneven but clean,without any attachment and encrustation,but on the surface of double J stent indwelling in the human body,the inflammatory affachment and encrustation were observed as well as bacterial biofilm,encapsulated in the abundant fibrous membrane.CONCLUSIONS Our study found that bacterial biofilm can be encrustated on the surface of double J stent indwelling in the human body,it may be one of the reasons for catheter-associated urinary tract infection.

Objective To investigate the antitumour effects of transfected gut-enriched Krüppellike factor(GKLF) on human gastric carcinoma cell line SGC-7901 in vitro and in vivo. Methods The expression of GKLF mRNA and protein in human gastric carcinoma cell line SGC-7901 were detected before and after transfection by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot,respectively. Proliferation and invasion in SGC-7901 were measured respectively by MTT assay, flow cytometry, colony formation assay and cell invasion assay after transfected with GKLF. The growth of xenograft was observed, the microvessel density(MVD) of xenograft tissue was determined by immunohistochemistry. Results The GKLF mRNA and protein in SGC-7901 were overexpressed after transfected with GKLF(P＜0.05). The proliferative speed of SGC7901-pcDNA3.1-GKLF group was markedly lower than that of SGC-7901 and SGC7901-pcDNA3.1 groups (P＜0.05). Transfected with GKLF caused part of the G0/G1 arrest, decreased clone formation rate and the invasion ability (P＜0.05). The growth speed of xenograft in SGC7901-pcDNA3.1-GKLF group was lower, the weight and MVD of xenograft tissue in SGC7901-pcDNA3. 1-GKLF group were less (P＜ 0. 05).Conclusion Transfected with GKLF maysuppress proliferation and invasion in human gastric carcinoma cell line SGC-7901, inhibit the growth and the angiogenesis of xenograft in nude mice.

Objective To investigate whether early goal-directed therapy ( EGDT ) could lower the mortality rate in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. Methods Articles with items sepsis, severe sepsis, septic shock, EGDT were retrieved from MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, Wanfang Data and CNKI. Inclusion criteria included randomized controlled trial, subjects concerning patients with severe sepsis or septic shock, endpoints with short-term mortality [ in-hospital, intensive care unit ( ICU ) or 28-day ] and long-term mortality ( 60-day or 90-day ). Related risk ( RR ) and 95% confidence interval ( 95%CI ) were used as indices to judge the difference in mortality rate between EGDT group and standard treatment group. RevMan 5.2 software was used for Meta analysis. Results There were 8 studies meeting inclusive criteria with a total of 4 853 patients. For patients with severe sepsis and septic shock, compared with the group with routine treatment, EGDT showed a decrease in the short-term mortality ( RR = 0.74, 95%CI=0.66-0.82, P<0.000 01 ), but did not decrease the long-term mortality ( RR=0.99, 95%CI=0.92-1.06, P=0.81 ). Conclusion EGDT strategy may decrease the short-term mortality in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock, but it showed no influence on the long-term mortality.

Objective To investigate the influence and mechanism of erythropoietin (EPO) in renal blood flow after limb ischemia reperfusion (LIR). Methods Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into control group, LIR group and EPO+LIR group with ten in each group. The values of renal blood flow, plasma creatinine (Cr), urea nitrogen (BUN) content in plasma, kidney tissue wet to dry ratio (W/D), nitric oxide (NO), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) in re-nal tissue were detected in three groups. The immunohistochemistry assay was used to detect the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) in renal tissue. The morphological changes of renal tissue were observed with light microscope. Results The renal blood flow was significantly decreased, while the val-ues of Cr, BUN, W/D, NO, ET-1, NOS, expressions of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 was significantly increased in LIR group than those of control group (P<0.05). Broaden interstitial and infiltration of inflammatory cells were observed in the renal tissue under light microscope. In the EPO+LIR group, the renal blood flow increased, the values of Cr, BUN, W/D, NO, ET-1 and NOS, expressions of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 decreased significantly compared with those of LIR group (P<0.05). The patho-logical changes were alleviated in EPO+LIR group. Conclusion EPO can improve renal function, increase renal blood flow in rats after LIR. The mechanism may be related to the decreased edema, changed renal vasomotor function and decreased in-flammation.

Objective To observe the effect of Jingujian Granule (Granule for strengthening the bones) No.1,2,and 3 on primary osteoporosis in the TCM syndromes of liver-kidney deficiency,both spleen and kidney deficiency,and spleen and kidney deficiency accompanied with blood stasis,and the influence on the bone metabolism indices.Methods Totally 210 primary osteoporosis cases were differentiated according to the TCM differentiation and administered Jingujian Granule No.1,2,3 or Caltrate D accordingly.The observation was carried out for 3 months on the improvement of clinical symptoms,changes in bone mineral density and bone metabolism indices,and safety indices.Results The total effective rate of Jingujian Granule No.1,2,and 3 was 89.92%,while that of Caltrate D was 33.3% (P

Objective To explore the relationship between anxiety ,resilience and hope levels among gastric cancer patients ,so as to provide evi?dence for psychological intervention. Methods Cluster sampling design was used to select 324 gastric cancer patients. The anxiety self?assess?ment scale,resilience scale and hope scale are used to measure the related indicators. Results The comparative analysis showed that patients with different genders,education levels and marital status had different scores in anxiety level and resilience level(P<0.05),and those with differ?ent genders and marital status got different hope levels(P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that anxiety was negatively correlated with resil?ience and hope levels(P<0.05),the coefficient of correlations ranged from-0.556 to-0.124. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that edu?cation level,marital status,income level,resilience,hope levels explained portion of the variance of anxiety. Conclusion Clinical nursing staff should reduce the gastric cancer patients′anxiety by improving their resilience and hope levels.

Objective to investigate the level of platelet leukocyte aggregates in patients with acute cerebral infarction and their short term prognosis.Methods 105 patients with acute cerebral infarction onset within 24 hours were selected continuously,then platelet leukocyte aggregates including neutrophil aggregates (PNA) and platelet monocyte aggregates (PMA) and platelet lymphocyte aggregates (PlyA) were detected by flow cytometry within 24 hours of admission and the incidence of 14 days.modified Rankin Scale(mRS) was performed at 14 days of onset,as a prognostic indicator,and the mRS score was good at 3.The score >3 mRS was divided into poor prognosis.The level of platelet leukocyte aggregates was detected in 50 healthy subjects.Results (1) The platelet leukocyte aggregates in patients with acute cerebral infarction group were significantly higher than that of the healthy group,which was statistically significant (P<0.05).(2)MRs score <3 group and mRS score >3 score comparison,the difference of white blood cell aggregates was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion leukocyte aggregates could be used as an index of short-term prognosis in patients with acute cerebral infarction.

Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on synaptic transmission in the spinal dorsal horn of rats.Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 4-6 weeks,weighing 150-200 g,were used in the study.The lumbar enlargemnent segments of the spinal cord were harvested,and the parasagittal lumbosacral spinal cord slices with attached dorsal roots were prepared and incubated in artificial cerebro-spinal fluid.The whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to record each index,and 4 spinal cord slices were selected and used for each index records.Experiment Ⅰ Dexmedetomidine was added cumulatively in concentration increments.Aδ and C fibers-mediated evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (eEPSCs) were recorded before administration (baseline) and during perfusion with dexmedetomidine 4 and 10 μg/ml.Experiment Ⅱ The neurons innervated by Aδ and C fibers were selected,and Aδ and C fibers-mediated eEPSCs were recorded before administration (baseline),at 5 min of perfusion with yohimbine (alpha 2 adrenergic receptor antagonist) 2 μmol/L,and during continuous perfusion with yohimbine 2 μmol/L plus dexmedetomidine 4 μg/ml.Experiment Ⅲ The evoked excitatory postsynaptic potentials (eE-PSPs) and evoked inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (eIPSPs) were recorded before administration (baseline) and during perfusion with dexmedetomidine 4 μg/ml.Results Dexmedetomidine could dose-dependently inhibit Aδ and C fibers-mediated eEPSCs,dexmedetomidine could inhibit Aδ and C fibers-mediated eEPSPs and produced no effect on eIPSPs,and yohimbine could inhibit dexmedetomidine-induced inhibitory effect on eEPSCs.Conclusion The mechanism by which dexmedetomidine inhibits nociceptive information transmission in the spinal dorsal horn is related to inhibition of excitatory synaptic transmission through activating α2-adrenergic receptors,but not related to activation of inhibitory synaptic transmission in rats.