Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of infliximab and traditional disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods Sixty patients with definite AS were treated with infliximab 5 mg/kg infusion at 0, 2, 6, 12 weeks and were followed up for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was proportion of ASAS 20 responders at week 12. The secondary endpoints were the proportion of ASAS 50, the change from baseline in Bath AS functional index (BASFI).The improvement of signs and symptoms of AS and physical function were evaluated. The statistical treatments were used t-test andA2 test. Results The proportion of ASAS 20 responders at 2, 6, 12 week was 70%, 83% and 93% respectively. The proportion of ASAS50 responders at patients at 2, 6, 12 week was 13%, 37% and 57% respectively. Results for other secondary efficacy endpoints showed that infliximab could provide substantial benefits to patients with AS by reducing clinical signs and symptoms and improving range of motion, physical function and quality of life. Ten percent of the subjects reported treatment- related adverse events. The most frequently occurred were upper respiratory tract infection, followed by gastrointestinal adverse events and infusion reaction. Most treatment-related adverse events were mild to moderate in severity and disappeared after drug withdrawal. Conclusion Infliximab has been demonstrated to be effective and is well tolerated in the treatment of AS.

Objective To examine the effect of Caffeine on the cultured cortical neuron apoptosis in neonatal rats.Methods The primary cerebral cortex neurons for cultures were obtained from neonatal mice 2-3 days after birth,Caffeine reconstituted at final concentrations 300μmol/L and 1 000μmol/L was added to the cell cultures and continuously co-incubated for 6-36 h,respectively after the cortical neurons were continuously cultivated 7 days after incubation under temperature of 37℃ incubator with 5% CO_2 and 100% relative humidity,the intracellular calcium concentration,mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis rate were determined by the flow cytometry.The activity of Caspase-9 was assayed by enzyme-labeled instrument,and Caspase-9 activity by the enzyme-1inked analyzer.Cell morphological changes were observed under electron microscope and fluorescent microscope after being stained with Hoechst 33258 fluorescent dye.Results Compared with the control group,the average increase in intracellular calcium fluorescence intensity was most significant(P<0.05),which elevated from the normal value 43.13±2.02 to 45.28±1.16 and 46.92±1.99,respectively at 6 h;mitochondrial membrane potentials were reduced most significandy(P<0.05).from the base value 443.58 ±11.77 down to 289.53±16.47 and 165.14±14.72,respectively at 8h.Caspase-9 activity was peaked(P<0.05),from the normal value 1.00±0.000 to 5.33±1.02 and 8.33±0.92,respectively at 10 h.The neuronal apoptosis ratio was increased significantly (P<0.05),from the normal value 4.94±1.74 to 15.98±2.03 and 18.70±2.09,at 36h.The apoptotic bodies were observed at 24 h after administration of 300 μmol/L and 1000 μmol/L Caffeine.Conclusion Caffeine may promote neuronal apoptosis in neonate mice.

Objective:To investigate the effects of Origin-Preserving Decoction on the proliferation of marrow hematopoietic cells in aplastic anemia mice. Methods:Based on experimental AA models induced by Benzene and 60Co radiation in mice, the experiments including semi-solid colony culture (CFU-GM、CFU-E、BFU-E) and liquid culture (MTT Assay) were undertaken to investigate the effects of Origin-Preserving Decoction on the proliferation of marrow hematopoietic cells in AA mice. Results:Origin-Preserving Decoction (3g/kg) (ig.) could improve the outputs of CFU-GM, CFU-E and BFU-E in AA mice damaged by benzene and 60Co radiation: MTT assay showed that Origin-Preserving Decoction could stimulate the hematopoeisis of bone marrow of AA mice radiated by 60Co. Conclusions: Origin-Preserving Decoction has a good future for AA therapy.

Objective To detect the pre- and post-treatment levels of serum interleukin (IL-20) in asthmatic patients during the acute exacerbation period and to investigate the role of IL-20 in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma and relative clinical significance. Methods Forty-five cases of mild to moderate asthma outpatients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from May 2013 to October 2013 were chosen as the asthma group and 32 healthy people who underwent routine physical examination as the control group. All the patients were treated with inhalation salmeterol and fluticasone 50/250 μg/μg (sucking twice a day) together with ventolin if necessary , and even with theophylline sustained-release tablets as the additional treatment in moderate asthma group for 1 week. The serum levels of IL-20 as well as immunoglobulin E (IgE) were detected by ELISA in the asthma group before and after treatment as well as in the control group. Other data including ECP , the number of eosinophil ceils (EOS) and the pulmonary function (FEV1%) were detected as well. The differences of IL-20 levels between the asthma group before and after treatment and the control group were analyzed and the correlation between IL-20 and Ig E, EOS, ECP and FEV1% were analyzed. Results Compared with the healthy control group [(13.58 ± 6.17)pg/L], the levels of IL-20 in the mild and moderate asthma pretreatment group were significantly increased [(23.43 ± 13.60)pg/L and (33.78 ± 22.69)pg/L]. Compared with the mild asthma group, the levels of IL-20 in the moderate asthma pretreatment group were significantly higher. After treatment , the levels of IL-20 [(15.73 ± 8.27)pg/L and (19.64 ± 11.69)pg/L] were decreased respectively in the asthmatic patients. The Pearson correlative analysis showed that there were positive correlations between the levels of 1L-20 and IgE , EOS and ECP respectively and there were negative correlations between IL-20 levels and FEV1%. Conclusion IL-20 may be involved in the pathogenesis of asthma.

Objective To compare the efficacy of uniform multi-drug therapy (UMDT) versus routine multi-drug therapy (RMDT) for the treatment of multi-bacillary (MB) leprosy patients based on bacterial index changes and frequencies of leprosy reaction.Methods This study recruited newly diagnosed leprosy patients after taking informed consent in three districts of Guizhou province as well as in one district of Yunnan province from November 2003 to June 2005.The patients received 6-month UMDT or 2-year RMDT.Clinical follow up and bacterial reexamination were carried out once a year.Changes of bacterial index (BI) and frequencies of leprosy reaction were compared between the patients receiving RMDT and UMDT.Results A total of 166 patients received UMDT and 170 received RMDT in this study.Among the UMDT-treated patients,114 were skin smear positive,and 83 had been followed up for 42 months; of the RMDT-treated patients,149 underwent all the bacterial examinations during a 48-month follow up.The mean bacterial index decreased from 2.84 before treatment to 0.33 at the end of the 42-month follow up in the 83 patients,and from 2.55 to 0.26 at the end of the 48-month follow up in the 149 patients,with no significant difference in the changes of bacterial index between the two groups (t =0.77,P ＞ 0.05).Bacterial index became negative in 73.5％ (61/83) of the UMDT-treated patients and in 77.2％ (115/149) of the RMDT-treated patients (x2 =0.40,P＞ 0.05)at the end of follow up.During the follow up peroid,the incidence of type Ⅰ leprosy reaction was 14.6％ (13/89) in the UMDT group,significantly higher than that in the RMDT group (3.4％ (5/149),x2 =10.08,P＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions There is no significant difference in mean bacterial index changes and bacterial clearance rate during the follow up peroid between UMDT- and RMDT-treated patients.The incidence of type Ⅰ leprosy reaction is higher in the UMDT group than in the RMDT group,and further investigation is needed to clarify the mechanisms underlying the phenomenon.

This article reviewed and summarized the experimental researches on the treatment of gouty arthritis (GA) with traditional Chinese medicine in recent years, which showed that the traditional or modified animal models of disease were widely used, and also concerned about the the model of integrating the disease and symptoms. However, few are about the application of combined disease and syndromes model. The mechanism research result shows that, single Chinese herb, component extract of Chinese herbs and Chinese herbal compound all play an important role in inhibiting inflammation, regulating signal pathway, anti-oxidation, reducing uric acid, increasing feeling of pain and regulating body metabolism.

BACKGROUNDHepatic alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a parasitic disease in humans and caused by the Echinococcus multilocularis (Em). Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) may be the only effective treatment for end-stage hepatic AE. However, in some AE patients, extrahepatic Em can not be completely eliminated after OLT. We aimed to study whether the immunological changes caused by Em evasion may influence the rejective response.

METHODSRat modles of AE were established by injecting the Em suspension into abdomen of Brown Norway (BN) rats. Three months later, in the experimental group, the liver was transplanted from Lewis (LEW) rats to Em-infected BN rats. In the control group, transplantation was from LEW rats to healthy BN rats. Liver tissue and peripheral blood (PB) samples were collected on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after OLT. Liver tissue was analyzed after hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining; numbers of CD4, CD8, and CD28 on peripheral blood cells were detected by flow cytometry; and expression of the chemokine fractalkine (Fkn) was detected by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Interleukin-10 (IL-10) was measured in the serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In every group, eight BN rats were retained for observing survival time.

RESULTSThe survival times of recipients in the experimental group were prolonged compared with those in the control group. The rejective response occurred later and was milder in the experimental group. percentage of CD4, CD8, CD28 T-cells and Fkn mRNA expression were lower in the experimental group. While the serum IL-10 levels were higher in the experimental group than those in the control group.

CONCLUSIONSAcute rejective response after OLT was attenuated in the rats with Em infection, and the recipients` survival time was prolonged. Em may play a role in this process by elevating IL-10 secretion, decreasing the effector T cells, inhibiting the expression of Fkn, which lead to reduce the inflammatory cells infiltration into the liver.

Animals ; CD28 Antigens ; metabolism ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; metabolism ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; metabolism ; Echinococcosis, Hepatic ; mortality ; surgery ; therapy ; Echinococcus multilocularis ; pathogenicity ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Flow Cytometry ; Graft Rejection ; immunology ; Interleukin-10 ; blood ; Liver Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Rats ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

To evaluate the effects of resuscitation with normal saline and sodium potassium magnesium calcium and glucose injection on renal structure and function in septic rats. Rat model of sepsis was established by ligation and perforation of cecum. Male SD rats were divided into four groups: sham operation group, sepsis group, saline resuscitation group, sodium potassium magnesium calcium and glucose injection resuscitation group. Blood gas analysis was performed at the end of resuscitation. The rats were sacrificed 72 hours after resuscitation. Blood samples were taken to measure the plasma levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factorα (TNFα). Caspase-3 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry in kidney sections. The degree of renal injury was evaluated by regular HE staining and electron microscope. Compared with normal saline resuscitation, sodium potassium calcium magnesium glucose injection resuscitation could decrease the levels of BUN, serum creatinine, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα ( P<0.05) , reduce the expression of caspase-3 ( P<0.05) , and improve the renal injury score ( P<0.05) . Sodium potassium calcium magnesium glucose injection resuscitation can significantly improve the renal function of sepsis rats with less pathological damage of the kidney.

BACKGROUND:Bibliometrics and visual analyses based on thematic literature are particularly important for understanding the foundation and frontiers of postmenopausal osteoporosis research. OBJECTIVE:To perform bibliometric,citation,and visualization analyses of highly cited SCI papers in postmenopausal osteoporosis research over the last 20 years. METHODS:The top 100 highly cited papers on postmenopausal osteoporosis published between 2003 and 2022 included in SCI-EXPANDED catalog of the Web of Science database were obtained for bibliometric measure and visual analysis using CiteSpace software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The top 100 highly cited papers have a total of 67 377 citations in the Web of Science Core Collection,with an annual average of 49.17 citations per paper.Postmenopausal osteoporosis research primarily involves medical,engineering,biological,and multidisciplinary fields.The subcategories are dominated by endocrinology and metabolism,and medicine:internal medicine.Stable and close cooperative network relationships have been formed globally.United States,University of California System,Cummings,and Steven R are the country,research institution,and author,respectively,with the most highly-cited publications.The frontiers of postmenopausal osteoporosis research mainly include calcium and vitamin D supplementation and fracture risk,clinical studies of bisphosphonates in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis,atypical femur fracture,clinical studies of new drugs and sequential treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis,predictors of fracture risk,mid-and long-term follow-up of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures,genetic polymorphisms and hereditary factors,formulation and updating of clinical practice guidelines for postmenopausal osteoporosis.Large cohort studies,high-quality randomized controlled trials,systematic reviews,meta-analyses,and clinical practice guidelines are the great engines that drive the development of clinical research in postmenopausal osteoporosis.We should make efforts in the above areas to improve China's international influence in the field of osteoporosis.

ObjectiveXenotransplantation is an effective way to address the shortage of human organ donors, but it faces serious immune rejection reactions, including hyperacute rejection caused by blood type differences. Establishing a stable, convenient, and reliable method for pig blood type identification can quickly screen suitable donor pigs for xenograft research.MethodsBanna miniature inbred pigs, Diannan small eared pigs, and Bama Xiang pigs were selected as the research objects. DNA was extracted from the blood, oral buccal mucosa, and fetal fibroblasts of the three strains of pigs using DNA extraction kits. The target fragment of the ABO homologous gene EAA intron 7 in pigs was amplified using PCR method. Blood agglutination reaction was used to detect hemolysis in pig anterior vena cava whole blood after adding anti A and B antibodies. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression level of A antigen in pig heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney tissues. Immunofluorescence method was used to detect the expression level of A antigen in pig oral mucosa. By comparing the results of different methods for determining pig blood types, the stability and reliability of the PCR method were verified, and a convenient PCR based pigblood type identification method was established.Results Firstly, the blood PCR results of 69 inbred strains of Banna miniature pigs, 7 Diannan small eared pigs, and 34 Bama Xiang pigs showed 20 AO blood types, 66 AA blood types, and 24 O blood types. The PCR results of fetal fibroblasts from 47 Diannan small eared pigs showed that all 47 fetuses were O blood type. Among them, the oral mucosal PCR results of 8 gene edited cloned pigs were consistent with those of donor fetal fibroblasts, all of which were O blood type. The oral mucosal PCR results of 8 wild-type pigs (2 inbred lines of Banna miniature pigs, 4 Diannan small eared pigs, and 2 Bama Xiang pigs) were consistent with the blood PCR identification results. Then, 11 inbred lines of Banna miniature pigs, 4 Diannan small eared pigs, and 2 Bama Xiang pigs were randomly selected for blood agglutination reaction validation, and the results were consistent with the PCR identification results of both blood samples and oral mucosa samples. Moreover, immuno-histochemical analysis was performed on the heart, liver, lung, kidney, and spleen tissues of one Banna miniature pig inbred line and two Bama Xiang pigs, and the results were consistent with blood PCR identification and blood agglutination reaction results. Finally, oral mucosal samples were collected from 2 inbred strains of Banna miniature pigs and 1 Bama Xiang pig for immunofluorescence detection, and the results were consistent with the blood PCR identification results.ConclusionBy collecting fetal cells and oral mucosal samples from live pigs for PCR detection, the blood type of pigs can be accurately and efficiently identified, providing a convenient method for blood type screening of xenograft donor pigs.