OBJECTIVE:To provide suggestions for pharmaceutical manufacturers to improve medicine package in China. METHODS:The problems of some Chinese patent medicine package were summed up and analyzed,and improvement suggestions were put forward. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:At present,many defects are observed in Chinese patent drug package,such as large package increasing patients’burden;various package material aggravating resource waste and environmental pollution;indi-vidual package and multilayered package increasing unpacking and peeling time,and bringing risk;non-standard medicine informa-tion carrier easily resulting in medical errors. Pharmaceutical manufacturers are suggested to simplify drug package,increase pack-age capacity,adopt ordinary packagdized,highlight key information and other measures. Through these measures,Chinese patent medicine package could to be more standard,humanized and be convenient for clinical use.

BACKGROUND: The marker of cartilage degeneration is a hotspot research in recent years. Collagen type II C-telopeptide (CTX-Ⅱ) is a good index which can detect cartilage degeneration through atraumatic method. OBJECTIVE: To observe the correlation of collagen CTX-Ⅱto intervertebral disc degeneration and osteoarthritis. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Retrospective analysis. This subject was completed in the Department of Orthopedics of Zhengzhou University from March to June 2008. PARTICIPANTS: Fifteen patients with intervertebral disc degeneration, including 7 male and 8 female, with mean age of (62?7) years old, and 15 patients with osteoarthritis, containing 6 male and 9 female with mean age of (61?8) years old were selected. In addition, 15 patients (8 male and 7 female) without intervertebral disc degeneration or osteoarthritis, with mean age of (57?6) years old were served as the control group. METHODS: For each patient, fasting second-void morning urine samples were collected and stored at –20 ℃. After all the samples were collected, urinary CTX-Ⅱ was measured by enzyme-link immunosorbent assay. Meanwhile, the creatinine concentrations of each sample were detected for correct the CTX-Ⅱ. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The content and the correlation of urinary CTX-Ⅱ in intervertebral disc degeneration patients and in osteoarthritis patients. RESULTS: A total of 45 patients were included in the final analysis. Compared with the control group, the content of urinary CTX-Ⅱ in intervertebral disc degeneration and osteoarthritis groups were higher, and the distinction had statistical significance (P 0.05). There was positive correlation of urinary CTX-Ⅱ to the grade of intervertebral disc degeneration and osteoarthritis (r=0.592, P=0.003). CONCLUSION: The content of urinary CTX-Ⅱ step up both in intervertebral disc degeneration patients and osteoarthritis patients. Urinary CTX-II has direct correlation with intervertebral disc degeneration and osteoarthritis.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effectiveness of repairing nearly circumferential defect with the submental flaps after resection of laryngeal function unpreserved hypopharyngeal cancer. METHOD: All the cases were treated with the submental flaps after resection of hypopharyngeal cancer with laryngeal function unpreserved. RESULT: All 13 flaps were alive. Hypopharyngeal fistula occurred in 2 cases. All patients had normal swallowing function. The patients were followed up 6-42 months. Of 13 cases,3 had recurrence at neck Lymph node, but no local hypopharyngeal recurrence was found. Seven cases were followed up more than 3 years, and only 3 of them survived. CONCLUSION Submental flap is an ideal tissue flap submental flap in repairing of approaching circumferential defects after hypopharyngeal cancer ablation with laryngeal function unpreserved for the repairment of after approaching circumferential defects after hypopharyngeal cancer ablation with laryngeal function unpreserved, For it is close to the defect region, safe, easy-to-obtain and easy-to-survive.
Fistula ; pathology ; Humans ; Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Hypopharynx ; pathology ; surgery ; Larynx ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Neck ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Surgical Flaps

Objective To analyze the distribution and antibiotic resistance of pathogens isolated from sputum in early postoperative patients after esophageal surgery, and investigate the risk factors of pulmonary infections after esophageal carcinoma and reasonable application of antibiotics during perioperative period.Methods The clinical data of 414 patients with esophageal carcinoma who were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University from January 2012 to June 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.The second generation cephalosporins were used as preventive antibiotics for the 181 patients between January and December 2012 and the third generation cephalosporins were used for the 233 patients between January 2013 and June 2014.Sputum samples were collected and inspected before operation and in the first three days after operation for observing distribution and antibiotic resistance of pathogens.The incidence of postoperative pulmonary infection was observed in the two kinds of patients.The risk factors closely related to the occurrence of postoperative pulmonary infections were analyzed.Comparison of rate and univariate analysis were done by chi-square test.Multivariate analysis was done with logistic regression.Results The positive rate of early post-operative sputum culture was 24.64％ (102/414), 32.04％ (58/181) in patients receiving the second generation cephalosporins and 18.88％ (44/233) in patients receiving the third generation cephalosporins, respectively, with a significant difference between the two generations of cephalosporins (x2 =9.502, P ＜ 0.05).A total of 131 strains of pathogens were isolated from early postoperative sputum samples including 12 strains of gram-positive bacteria and 119 strains of gram-negative bacteria.The top three bacteria were Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp pneumoniae (33 trains), Acinetobacter baumannii (20 strains) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19 strains).The resistance rate of gram-negative bacteria in early postoperative sputum samples to meropenem, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin were 5.0％-25.0％, 2.6％-15.2％, 2.6％-20.0％, respectively.Among cephalosporins, the resistance rate to ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cefepime, ceftazidime, cefuroxime and cefazolin were 10.3％-20.0％ , 5.3％-30.0％ , 12.8％-31.6％, 15.4％-42.1％ , 21.2％-55.0％ and 15.2％-60.0％, respectively.The overall postoperative pulmonary infection rate was 18.60％ (77/414).The pulmonary infection rate of patients receiving the second generation cephalosporins was 26.52％ (48/181), which was higher than 12.45％ (29/233) of patients receiving the third generation cephalosporins (x2=13.326, P ＜ 0.05).The results of univariate analysis showed that smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, application of the second generation cephalosporins during the perioperative period and early postoperative sputum culture positive were correlated with the postoperative pulmonary infection after esophageal carcinoma surgery (x2 =5.149, 22.765, 13.326, 159.092, P ＜ 0.05).Multivariate statistical analysis with logistic regression demonstrated that application of the third generation cephalosporins during the perioperative period was independent protective factor of postoperative pulmonary infection (OR =2.582, 95％ confidence interval: 1.331-5.009, P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The pathogens from sputum in early postoperative period after esophageal surgery are complicated with gram-negative bacteria as the main pathogens especially Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp, pneumoniae, and different levels of antibiotic resistance are ubiquitous.The third generation cephalosporins can effectively prevent the postoperative pulmonary infection after esophageal carcinoma surgery.

Objective:To investigate the role of clinical pharmacists in the process of chemotherapy for a patient with intracranial glioma. Methods:Usage and dosage of antitumor drugs, drug interactions, adverse drug reactions and medication education after dis-charged as the breakthrough points, clinical pharmacists and clinicians explored options for the patient treatment and adjusted the medi-cation timely according to the condition. Results:There were no serious adverse drug reactions in the adjusted therapeutic regimen and the treatment results of the patient were satisfactory. Conclusion:Clinical pharmacists provide pharmaceutical care can play an impor-tant role in improving the safety and effectiveness of drug use.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of chlorogenic acid and vitexin in Lophather-um gracile. METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column was Waters Atlantis C18 with mobile phases of acetonitrile- water (gradient elution)at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,detection wavelength was 280 nm,column temperature was 35 ℃,and the injec-tion volume was 10 μl. RESULTS:The linear range was 0.041 0-1.228 8 μg for chlorogenic acid(r=0.999 8)and 0.264 0-7.920 0μg for vitexin(r=0.999 9);RSDs of precision, stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 2%;recoveries were 97.6%-102.3%(RSD=1.85%,n=9) and 97.1%-101.3%(RSD=1.19%,n=9),respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,stable and reproducible,and can be used for the simultaneous determination of chlorogenic acid and vitexin in L. gracile.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced ; etiology ; Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced ; etiology ; Antineoplastic Agents ; adverse effects ; Breast Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Contraindications ; Female ; Humans ; Mastectomy ; Neoplasm Staging ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Prognosis ; Radiotherapy ; adverse effects ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy

Objective To evaluate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) and cisplatin (DDP) on inhibition of A549/DDP cells in vitro and to explore the impacts of HBO on cell cycle and apoptosis.Methods The cytotoxicity of HBO and DDP was determined by Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTF) assay; flow cytometry (FCM) was used to investigate the impacts on cell cycle and apoptosis of cell line A549/DDP.Results Hyperbaric oxygen alone significantly suppressed A549/DDP cells proliferation (P ＜ 0.05),compared with control group of normal oxygen,and the inhibition ratio was 2.90％.DDP at concentrations ranging from 3 μg/ml to 24 μg/ml significantly inhibited the proliferation of A549/DDP cells in a dose dependent manner,that was concentrations of 3,6,12 and 24 μg/ml brought inhibition ratio of 1.87％,4.62％,11.15％ and 30.45％ ; Hyperbaric oxygen can enhance the inhibition effect of DDP to A549/DDP cells,when hyperbaric oxygen affiliated with DDP of concentrations above,the inhibition ratios were 4.37％,8.92％,21.88％ and 48.71％,respectively,which has significant difference with the single DDP groups.FCM analyses showed that HBO arrested A549/DDP cells at the S phase,that was cell number of G0/G1 phase reduced significantly and of S phase raised significantly,compared with normal oxygen group(P ＜0.01),that was the percentages of cells in S phase of control group were 9.5％ and HBO group were 20.9％,while the percentages of cells in G0/G1phasc were 82.2％ and 66.3％,respectively.In addition,there were more apoptotic cells in the HBO group with the percentage of 7.9％,while the percentage was 2.8％ in the normal oxygen group.Conclusion Hyperbaric oxygen could play together with DDP to inhibit A549/DDP cells proliferation.HBO could block the cell cycle at S period and induce apoptosis.

Objective To compare the effects of health education on fat intake behavior and its psychology in students with different BMI,provide evidence for improving individual healthy education.Methods A experimental epidemiology was used,Twenty-nine secondary school classes were randomly selected by multi-stage cluster sampling from two cities in Zhejiang province.Overweight or obesity group included all students who were judged overweight or obesity,normal group included students who were judged normal and basic matched by age,grade,sex and stage of baseline.Intervention based on transtheoretical mode was conducted on two groups and intervention results were measured by the adolescent fat intake behavior of psychological measurement scales (Chinese version).Chi-square tests,T-tests,non-parameters tests and binary logistic regression were performed for data analyses.Results Stage of students with overweight or obesity and with normal BMI all moved forward after intervention,while the proportion of stage advance for students with overweight or obesity was further than students with normal BMI.Change strategy(2.60±0.79),pros(3.58±0.90) and self-efficacy(3.01±0.72) of students with overweight or obesity better than students with normal BMI in baseline((2.34±0.86),(3.08±0.91),(2.79±0.81)) while difference was not significant after intervention.Logistic regression analysis discovered that the promotion of change strategy moved stage forward for students with normal BMI(OR=2.168,95％ CI:1.560-3.014)and promotion of self-efficiency moved stage forward for students with overweight or obesity (OR=1.801,95％ CI:1.026-3.159).Conclusion The intensity and duration of psychological intervention is essential to be reinforced for students with normal BMI,while for students with overweight and obesity,psychological intervention should be promoted in combination with social support.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of extracts of different constitutes of Vernonia Anthelmintica Willd different on the serum levels of Cu and Zn in mice METHODS:Different groups of mice were given separately with (B) 1/10,(C)1/30,(C′)1/50 doses of LD50 of extracts of different constitutes of Vernonia Anthelmintica Willd for 7 days,and the levels of Cu and Zn in serum were determined RESULTS:The levels of Cu and Zn in serum were different in different groups of mice(P