Objective To study the expressions of metadherin (MTDH),E-cadherin and β-catenin in the tissues of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC),to investigate the relationship between them and the clinical-pathological features,and to evaluate the prognostic values after surgical resection for hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods The protein expressions of MTDH,E-cadherin and β-catenin were studied by immunohistochemistry in tumor tissues of 107 HCC patients who underwent curative surgical resection.The data were correlated with the clinical-pathological data,tumor free time and recurrence rate.Results Positive expression of MTDH and nuclear β-catenin accumulation were correlated with the Edmondson grade (P＜0.05) and decreased E-cadherin expression was correlated with the preoperative serum level of α-fetoprotein (AFP) (P＜0.05).All these expressions were associated with a shorter tumor-free survival and a higher recurrence rate (P＜0.05).Positive MTDH expression was correlated with decreased E-cadherin expression and nuclear β-catenin accumulation (P＜0.05).On Cox regression analysis,MTDH was an independent risk factor of tumour recurrence (RR=3.431,CI=1.254～ 7.318).Conclusions Positive MTDH expression,decreased E-cadherin expression,and nuclear β-catenin accumulation indicated a higher recurrence rate after curative surgical resection for HCC.MTDH was an independent risk factor of recurrence.

ObjectiveTo explore the experiences of treatment of aortic root aneurysm and mitral valve disease through the incision of aorta.MethodsFrom Mar.2009 to Dec.2010, sixteen patients with aortic root aneurysm and mitral valve disease were operated by transaortic incision.After the leaflets of aortic valve were excised, mitral valve replacement or plasty was performed.There were 13 males and 3 females.The age ranged from 18 to 75 years old with a mean of (40 ± 10) years.The operation procedures included Bentall plus mitral valve replacement in 12 patients, Bentall plus mitral valve plasty in 1,Bentall + total arch replacement + stent elephant trunk + mitral valve plasty in 1, Bentall plus mitral valve plasty and CABG in 1.In 12 patients underwent mitral valve replacement, 11 were using continuous suture and interrupt mattress suture in 1.Four patients underwent mitral valve plasty, the procedure of banding mitral valve leaflets junctions was used.All patients were followed up through telephone and out-patient service.Transthoracic echocardiogram was performed before discharge and 3-, 6-,12-months after operation.Follow-up including cardiac function, valvular and perioperative complications.Results There were 2 re-thoractomy because of bleeding.One patient with pulmonary infection was cured by antibiotics.No death occurred in hospital.Patients were followed-up for 1 to 19 months with a mean of (7 ±5) months.No death occurred during follow-up period.There were no valve-related complications (embolism, bleeding, mitral valve dysfunction).Heart function was improved in all patients and graded as class Ⅰ to Ⅱ (NYHA).Two patients had trace regurgitation after mitral valve plasty when discharged.One patient had mild mitral valve regurgitation was found after mitral valve replacement.There was no further valve exacerbation for above 3 patients during follow-up period.ConclusionTransanrtic mitral valve operation is feasible in patients with aortic root aneurysm and mitral valve disease.

Objective:To evaluate the accuracy and stability of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) algorithm in optical surface imaging (OSI) system in non-coplanar radiotherapy.Methods:Three OSI imaging systems were used to measure the phantom repeatedly at different couch rotation angles to analyze the accuracy and stability of OSI system. Seven patients with multiple brain metastases who underwent single-center non-coplanar radiotherapy were randomly selected, and the accuracy and stability of OSI for patient imaging were analyzed. Stability is defined as the difference between the two OSI measurements when the couch is turned from 0° to a non 0° angle, and then back to 0°, using the 0° cone beam CT (CBCT) as the "gold standard". Accuracy is defined as the difference between OSI and CBCT (at 0° couch angle) measurement data. The measurement data with normal distribution were described as Mean ± SD. The data with non-normal distribution were expressed as M (Q). The difference of the former data was compared by one-way ANOVA, and the difference of the latter data was assessed by Kruskal-Wallis H nonparametric test. Results:For non-coplanarity, the translation accuracy of the phantom and the patient was ≤ 1.30 mm and ≤ 1.00 mm, and the rotation accuracy was ≤ 0.50° and ≤ 0.60°, respectively. The translation errors mainly occurred in the left-right and head-foot directions. In terms of stability, the maximum standard deviation of phantom coplanar translation and rotation was 0.06 mm and 0.06°. The maximum standard deviation of patient translation and rotation was 0.17 mm and 0.19°.Conclusions:Although the new SRS algorithm improves the non-coplanar accuracy, it still cannot meet the precise requirements of non-coplanar single isocenter radiotherapy for multiple brain metastases, especially in the left-right and head-foot directions. When the couch rotation angle is large, OSI is not recommended for image-guided radiotherapy. However, its high stability can be used to monitor the intrafractional motion of patients.

Bronchial asthma is a common chronic airway inflammatory disease in children characterized by hyper-responsiveness, airway inflammation, and airway remodeling caused by immune responses.Currently, some limitations of glucocorticoid and allergen-specific immunotherapy restrict their application to asthma treatment.Based on the results of many animal experiments, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are validated to reduce airway inflammation, improve airway hyper-responsiveness, and reverse airway remodeling through immunomodulation.Therefore, it has great application prospects as an effective therapeutic strategy for children with asthma.To explore the value of MSCs in the treatment of asthma, its underlying mechanisms are reviewed in the present study.

Bladder cancer （BCa） is the most common malignant tumor of the urinary system， and its incidence is increasing year by year. At present， for all patients with resectable non-metastatic muscle-invasive BCa， radical cystectomy + bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection is strongly recommended， but they still face the risk of recurrence， metastasis and death. In recent years， the proportion of patients with advanced and metastatic BCa is increasing among patients with newly diagnosed BCa. Although current treatment models are diverse， they often struggle to achieve significant efficacy due to their low effectiveness and adverse effects， resulting in low survival rates for patients with advanced and metastatic BCa. Therefore， the treatment of BCa still faces great challenges， and there is an urgent need to discover an effective new antitumor drug. With the improvement of medical standards， traditional Chinese medicine has shown great advantages in the treatment of BCa. Traditional Chinese medicine is mild and easy to accept， and can inhibit tumor progression through a multi-pathway， multi-way and multi-target manner， so as to exert its anticancer effect. Taraxaci Herba is a medicinal and food homologous plant， which has many biological activities， such as antibacterial， anti-inflammatory， anti-oxidation， anti-tumor， protecting liver and gallbladder， reducing blood sugar and enhancing immunity， and it has shown a clear anticancer effect in breast cancer， liver cancer， gastric cancer， tongue cancer and lung cancer. By reviewing previous studies worldwide， this article summarizes the mechanism of Taraxaci Herba extract in inducing autophagy and apoptosis， inhibiting cell migration and invasion， regulating cell cycle and proliferation， regulating cell metabolism， inhibiting tumor angiogenesis， combining the effects of chemotherapeutic drugs， and regulating the transduction of related signal pathways. On this basis， this study systematically elaborates on the potential mechanism of Taraxaci Herba against BCa， in order to provide a theoretical basis for the research and treatment of BCa.

Objective:To explore the effects of mouth opening breathing for different reasons on children's maxillofacial development. Methods:One hundred and fifty-one children were selected as the research objects of this experiment. They were divided into 49 cases of adenoid hypertrophy group（group A）, 52 cases of tonsillar hypertrophy group（group B） and 50 cases of adenoid with tonsillar hypertrophy group（Group C）. Healthy children in the same period were selected as the control group, a total of 45 cases. The reflex nasopharyngeal measurement parameters, facial development indexes and cephalometric parameters of group A, group B, group C and control group were analyzed, and the incidence of Angle ClassⅡand Angle Class Ⅲ in group A, group B and group C were studied. Results:Compared with the control group, the reflex nasopharyngeal measurement parameters in group A, group B and group C was significantly different（P<0.05）, and the cephalometric parameters changed with variation in groups（P<0.05）. The incidence of Angle Class Ⅱ facial pattern in group A and group C was higher, but the incidence of Angle Class Ⅲ facial pattern in group B and group C was higher（P<0.05）. Conclusion:Adenoid hypertrophy leads to mandibular retraction; tonsil hypertrophy leads to anterior mandibular arch; adenoid hypertrophy and tonsil hypertrophy are easy to lead to clockwise rotation of the mandible. In clinical practice, to avoid children's uncoordinated maxillofacial development, we should correct the maxillofacial situation of children as soon as possible.
Child ; Humans ; Maxillofacial Development ; Malocclusion, Angle Class III/complications* ; Nasopharynx ; Adenoids ; Palatine Tonsil ; Mouth Breathing/etiology* ; Hypertrophy/complications* ; Mouth

OX40 is a costimulatory receptor that is expressed primarily on activated CD4⁺, CD8⁺, and regulatory T cells. The ligation of OX40 to its sole ligand OX40L potentiates T cell expansion, differentiation, and activation and also promotes dendritic cells to mature to enhance their cytokine production. Therefore, the use of agonistic anti-OX40 antibodies for cancer immunotherapy has gained great interest. However, most of the agonistic anti-OX40 antibodies in the clinic are OX40L-competitive and show limited efficacy. Here, we discovered that BGB-A445, a non-ligand-competitive agonistic anti-OX40 antibody currently under clinical investigation, induced optimal T cell activation without impairing dendritic cell function. In addition, BGB-A445 dose-dependently and significantly depleted regulatory T cells in vitro and in vivo via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. In the MC38 syngeneic model established in humanized OX40 knock-in mice, BGB-A445 demonstrated robust and dose-dependent antitumor efficacy, whereas the ligand-competitive anti-OX40 antibody showed antitumor efficacy characterized by a hook effect. Furthermore, BGB-A445 demonstrated a strong combination antitumor effect with an anti-PD-1 antibody. Taken together, our findings show that BGB-A445, which does not block OX40-OX40L interaction in contrast to clinical-stage anti-OX40 antibodies, shows superior immune-stimulating effects and antitumor efficacy and thus warrants further clinical investigation.
Mice ; Animals ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/physiology* ; Receptors, OX40 ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; Ligands ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology* ; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology*