Neonatal hyperthyroidism is a rare,transient,but serious disease,while it can lead to significant morbidity and mortality if without prompt diagnosis and adequate treatment.Most cases are secondary to maternal autoimmune hyperthyroidism (85％ ～95％ are Graves'disease),caused by transplacental passage of maternal stimulating TAHR anti-bodies (TRAb).Signs and symptoms are multifaceted,nonspecific,and it can be easily confused with sepsis and congenital viral infections.The management of pregnant women with thyroid diseases during pregnancy should be strengthened.It is recommended to monitor thyroid function and TR-Ab levels from the beginning of 20 weeks'gestation.Neonates with symptomatic hyperthyroidism require prompt initiation of therapy and close monitoring of response in consultation with a pediatric endocrinologist.Here we will review the latest research progress in pathogeneses,clinical manifestation,diagnosis and treatment of neonatal hyperthyroidism.