Objective To study the burden of dementia patients' caregivers and related influencing elements.Methods A survey was carried out in 152 dementia patients' caregivers after studying the prevalence of dementia in Gushan town using self-designed questionnaires.Results Among the 152 earegivers,65.13% received primary school education or below.And those taking care of disabled dementia patients,taking care of patients with higher ADL scores,attending on without professional helper,having insufficient knowledge,reluctant to give care,and spending much time on it got higher burden score.Conclusions Among caregivers of dementia patients,females are more than males;sons,daughters and spouse are the primary caregivers.Their education level is low,and the caregivers don't have enough knowledge on dementia care and can't give enough service to the senile dementia patients.

Objective To study the effect of intrauterine hyperglycemia on leptin level and offspring development in rats.Methods Female and male adult Wistar rats were mated,streptozotocin (STZ,50 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally on 5th day of gestation to induce diabetic model,diabetic pups (DP) were exposed to intrauterine hyperglycemia;control pups(CP) were exposed to controls,which was injected with citrate buffer,8 pups were choosed from each group.Weight gain between 3-10 weeks were recorded.Plasma leptin was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) when the rats were 11 weeks old,and the expression of leptin receptor in hypothalamus was measured at protein level by histomorphology and mRNA level measured by realtime PCR[expressed with integral absorbance(IA)]in 11weeks in order to discuss the relation of leptin and offspring development.Results The fasting blood glucose level was significantly higher in diabetic mother compared with the controls[(28.3±5.1) mmol/Lvs.(6.3±1.4) mmol/L,P＜0.05].However,there was no difference between the fasting blood glucose level in DP group and CP group[(5.1±0.8) mmol/L vs.(5.3± 0.6) mmol/L,P ＞ 0.05].The growth rate between 3-10 weeks was significantly higher in DP group 649.7% than CP group 479.2%,P ＜0.05.The base insulin level was lower in DP group[(0.76±0.37) μg/L vs.(1.06±0.14)μg/L,P ＜ 0.05];while there was no difference in plasma leptin and the expression of ieptin receptor in hypothalamns[(113±37) μg/L vs.(128±40) μg/L,P ＞0.05].The growth rate was not associated with plasma leptin in DP group (r=-0.501,P=0.311) but associated in CP group (r=-0.553,P=0.001).The protein level of DP group (4125±414) did not significantly differ from that of CP group (4244±511).The median of mRNA of leptin receptor in hypothalamus in DP group did not altered significantly compared with that of CP group(1.25 vs 1.80,P＞0.05).Conclusions Intrauterine hyperglycemia accelerated growth rate of offsprings between 3 and 10 weeks,however,plasma leptin was not discreased,which indicated leptin resistance.Intrauterine hyperglycemia did not influence the expression of leptin receptor in hypopthalamus in offsprings,this suggested the leptin resistance may be not caused by the quantity of leptin receptors.

Objective To establish the animal model of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM to observe the long-term effect of maternal hyperglycemia and postnatal overfeeding on the metabolism of offsprings. Methods Streptozotocin (STZ, 50 mg/kg) was administered to Wistar rats intraperitoneally on the 5th day of gestation to induce animal GDM model. Offsprings were allocated into 3 groups: Group CP (n=8) were exposed to normal maternal hyperglycemic environment, group DP-1 (n=8) exposed to intrauterine hyperglycemia and every 8 pups breast-fed by one GMD mother and group DP-2 exposed to intrauterine hyperglycemia and every 4 pups breast-fed by one GDM mother (n=8). Weight gain between 3-10 weeks were recorded, OGTT at 10 weeks and hyperinsulinemia-euglycemia clamp technique was performed, and plasma insulin level was measured by ELISA at 11 weeks. Results Offsprings in DP-1 and DP-2 group had greater weight gain than group CP at 3-10 weeks after birth [(6.68±1.70)% and (6.03±1.85)% vs (4. 74±0.93)%, P< 0. 05], but no difference was found among the three groups in OGTT results (P> 0. 05). The baseline plasma insulin level was lower in the DP-1 group than in the DP-2 and CP group [(0. 76± 0. 37)μg/L vs (1.13±0. 25)μg/L and (1.06±0. 14)μg/L](P<0. 05). GIR60-120 was higher in DP-1 Offsprings of Wistar rats, exposed to intrauterine hyperglycemia, experience excessive weight gain at 3-10 weeks after birth. Overfeeding in early life expedites the decrease of insulin sensitivity in these offspings.

Objective To discuss the possibility of interventional diagnosis and treatment of uterine artery bleeding after curettage. Methods Select the emergent patients with uterine artery bleeding after curettage as the basis for study. Three women with uterine artery bleeding underwent femoral artery puncture and transcatheter uterine artery embolization. Bilateral selective artery angiographies were performed, and then underwent artery embolization after exhibiting the bleeding sites. Results Three patients were promptly and correctly diagnosed and arterial embolization were then attempted under DSA. No recurrence of bleeding during the angiographic and clinical follow up simultaneously with no serious complication. Conclusions Uterine arterial DSA and interventional embolization of uterine artery are effective in the diagnosing and treatting emergent uterine artery bleeding after curettage.

Objective To elevate the diagnosis value of spiral CT in blunt duodenum trauma. Methods 9 cases of blunt duodenum trauma proved by operation or clinical were analysed retrospectively. Results 9 cases of blunt duodenum trauma were all diagnosed accurately before operation. The main CT signs were duodenal wall thick- ening; duodenal wall hematoma; free retroperitonea air; free retroperitouea fluid and retoperitonea hematoma. Conclu- sion Spiral CT scan have important clinical value in diagnosis of blunt duodenum trauma.

Objective To investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) rs 653765 and rs514049 inADAM10gene and clinical characteristics in asthma in Han Chinese children. MethodsA case-control study was performed in that research, and 221 children with asthma were recruited and an other 236 normal children were recruited as controls. The genotypes of two SNPs in ADAM 10 gene were detected using PCR-RFLP. And all data were analyzed by SPSS 19 . 0 . Results In case-controlled study, we found the frequency of TT genotype in case group was higher than that of controlgroup (P=0 . 028 ), and the frequency of T allele was higher than that of control group (P=0 . 008 ). The genotypes and alleles of rs 514049 was not associated with asthma (P=0 . 604 , 0 . 356 ).There were no difference in serum ADAM 10 levels between asthma and control group (P=0 . 238 ), but in asthma group we found patients with TT genotype may have a higher level ADAM 10 than the one with CC genotype (P=0 . 034 ). The polymorphism of rs 653765 was not associated with the level of C-reaction protein, the number of LYM, IgE and EOS% (P>0 . 05 ). Conclusions The genotype of rs 653765 in ADAM 10 gene was associated with asthma in the central of China, and T allele was a risk factor. The polymorphism of rs 653765 might be associated with the levels of ADAM 10 .

Objective To evaluate the long-term effects and safety of an intense pulsed light (IPL) in the treatment of epilation.Methods 159 patients received treatment with a non-coherent IPL because of unwanted facial and body hair.116 cases were followed up by means of phone call or letters.The average follow-up time was 38 months.Results Overall,36 (31.0％) patients were very satisfied,53 (45.7％) were satisfied and 27 (23.3％) remained unsatisfied with the outcome of lightassisted hair removal.The non-coherent intense pulsed light satisfactorily removed unwanted dark hair.Hair-free periods from weeks to years could be observed.Besides,the satisfaction was not related with the colour of the skin.Conclusions Hair removal by a non-coherent intense pulsed light is an effective and safe method for long-term epilation of unwanted hair.

Objective To evaluate the measurement of kappa and lambda immunoglobulin free light chains(FLC) in patient samples using a new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for early diagnosis of multiple myeloma.Methods An ELISA method for quantifying kappa and lambda free light chains were used to study serum and urine samples from patients with multiple myeloma, and the results were compared with those obtained using immunofixation electrophoresis and nephelometric immunoassay methods. Results The FLC-ELISA method had great successful rate in identifying the multiple myeloma in all 40 myeloma patients. In contrast,immunofixation electrophoresis and nephelometric immunoassay could only identify 57.5% and 85.5% of the multiple myeloma in all the myeloma patients,respectively. Furthermore, retrospective diagnosis of specimens obtained from patient indicated that the ELISA method could help early diagnosis of the disease by over two years. Conclusion The ELISA method for measuring free light chains is sensitive, accurate and reproducible. Therefore it is a useful tool for early diagnosis of multiple myeloma,monitoring the disease progression and evaluating treatment responses.

AIM:To determine gentianaceae and jasminoidin in Longhui Capsules (Radix et Rhizoma Gentia-nae, Aloe, Fructus Gardeniae, etc.) METHODS: The Waters Symmetry C_ 18 column (4.6 mm?150 mm, 5 ?m) was used with mobile phase of methanol-water (17∶83). The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. The detecting wavelength was at 254 nm, and the column temperature was at 30 ℃. RESULTS: The methodological study showed that a good linear correlation existed in the range of 60.72-454.4 ng for gentianaceae and the range of 96.32 -722.40 ng for jasminoidin. The average recovery of gentianaceae was 99.57%(n=9) and RSD was 1.27% , jasminoidin was 99.10%(n=9) and RSD was 2.30%. CONCLUSION: The method is simple, accurate and can be used for quality control of the preparation.

Objective To analyze the correlation between serum lipoprotein associated phospholipase A 2(Lp‐PLA2) with five traditional inflammatory factors of TC ,TG ,LDL‐C ,hs‐CRP and Hcy in the patients with coronary heart disease(CHD) ,and to in‐vestigate the relationship between its concentration with the lesions and severity of CHD .Methods Two hundreds cases of CHD were selected as the lesion group(which was subdivide into single vessel lesion ,double vessel lesion and three vessel lesion) ,at the same time ,100 persons undergoing physical examination were selected as the control group .The correlation between Lp‐PLA2 with five traditional inflammatory factors of TC ,TG ,LDL‐C ,hs‐CRP and Hcy was analyzed .The differences of Lp‐PLA2 in the lesion group and the control group were compared and the relation between Lp‐PLA2 level with lesion vessels number was analyzed .Re‐sults Lp‐PLA2 was significantly correlated with LDL‐C ,Hcy ,TC and hs‐CRP(P<0 .05) and had no relation with TG(P>0 .05) , the level of Lp‐PLA2 in the lesion group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0 .01) ,the Lp‐PLA2 level was elevated with the number of coronary lesion vessels ,but the correlation is unobvious(P>0 .05) .Conclusion High concentration of Lp‐PLA2 is a risk factor for coronary atherosclerosis ,but the correlation between the Lp‐PLA2 level and the severity of coronary arterial lesion needs further study .