Objective To investigate the application value of tuberculosis infection of T cells spot test in the diagnosis for pulmonary tuberculosis in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods According to test different ways,64 elderly COPD patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were divided into the two groups.The control group(n =32)was checked by tuberculosis antibody test,and the study group(n =32)received T cells infected with tuberculosis spot test.The two sets of results were observed and compared.Results The study group by T cell spot test TB infection,29 cases were detected positive(90.63%),3 cases of negative(9.37%);tuberculosis antibody detection by the control group,23 cases were detected positive(71.88%),9 negative patients (28.12%).Compared the two groups,the study group had higher positive rate(χ2 =3.954 7,P <0.05),and nega-tive rate was lower(χ2 =3.914 7,P <0.05).Conclusion Tuberculosis infection T cell spot test in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with COPD in the elderly has greater value,more accurate diagnosis,reliability and worthy of promotion.

Objective To study the effect of intrauterine hyperglycemia on leptin level and offspring development in rats.Methods Female and male adult Wistar rats were mated,streptozotocin (STZ,50 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally on 5th day of gestation to induce diabetic model,diabetic pups (DP) were exposed to intrauterine hyperglycemia;control pups(CP) were exposed to controls,which was injected with citrate buffer,8 pups were choosed from each group.Weight gain between 3-10 weeks were recorded.Plasma leptin was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) when the rats were 11 weeks old,and the expression of leptin receptor in hypothalamus was measured at protein level by histomorphology and mRNA level measured by realtime PCR[expressed with integral absorbance(IA)]in 11weeks in order to discuss the relation of leptin and offspring development.Results The fasting blood glucose level was significantly higher in diabetic mother compared with the controls[(28.3±5.1) mmol/Lvs.(6.3±1.4) mmol/L,P＜0.05].However,there was no difference between the fasting blood glucose level in DP group and CP group[(5.1±0.8) mmol/L vs.(5.3± 0.6) mmol/L,P ＞ 0.05].The growth rate between 3-10 weeks was significantly higher in DP group 649.7% than CP group 479.2%,P ＜0.05.The base insulin level was lower in DP group[(0.76±0.37) μg/L vs.(1.06±0.14)μg/L,P ＜ 0.05];while there was no difference in plasma leptin and the expression of ieptin receptor in hypothalamns[(113±37) μg/L vs.(128±40) μg/L,P ＞0.05].The growth rate was not associated with plasma leptin in DP group (r=-0.501,P=0.311) but associated in CP group (r=-0.553,P=0.001).The protein level of DP group (4125±414) did not significantly differ from that of CP group (4244±511).The median of mRNA of leptin receptor in hypothalamus in DP group did not altered significantly compared with that of CP group(1.25 vs 1.80,P＞0.05).Conclusions Intrauterine hyperglycemia accelerated growth rate of offsprings between 3 and 10 weeks,however,plasma leptin was not discreased,which indicated leptin resistance.Intrauterine hyperglycemia did not influence the expression of leptin receptor in hypopthalamus in offsprings,this suggested the leptin resistance may be not caused by the quantity of leptin receptors.

Objective To establish the animal model of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM to observe the long-term effect of maternal hyperglycemia and postnatal overfeeding on the metabolism of offsprings. Methods Streptozotocin (STZ, 50 mg/kg) was administered to Wistar rats intraperitoneally on the 5th day of gestation to induce animal GDM model. Offsprings were allocated into 3 groups: Group CP (n=8) were exposed to normal maternal hyperglycemic environment, group DP-1 (n=8) exposed to intrauterine hyperglycemia and every 8 pups breast-fed by one GMD mother and group DP-2 exposed to intrauterine hyperglycemia and every 4 pups breast-fed by one GDM mother (n=8). Weight gain between 3-10 weeks were recorded, OGTT at 10 weeks and hyperinsulinemia-euglycemia clamp technique was performed, and plasma insulin level was measured by ELISA at 11 weeks. Results Offsprings in DP-1 and DP-2 group had greater weight gain than group CP at 3-10 weeks after birth [(6.68±1.70)% and (6.03±1.85)% vs (4. 74±0.93)%, P< 0. 05], but no difference was found among the three groups in OGTT results (P> 0. 05). The baseline plasma insulin level was lower in the DP-1 group than in the DP-2 and CP group [(0. 76± 0. 37)μg/L vs (1.13±0. 25)μg/L and (1.06±0. 14)μg/L](P<0. 05). GIR60-120 was higher in DP-1 Offsprings of Wistar rats, exposed to intrauterine hyperglycemia, experience excessive weight gain at 3-10 weeks after birth. Overfeeding in early life expedites the decrease of insulin sensitivity in these offspings.

Objective To investigate the effects of serum leptin and tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?) on nutrition states in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods The serum leptin and TNF-? levels were examined. Body mass index (BMI) and percent age of normal body weight(NW%) were measured. The correlation between leptin and other parameters was analysed. Results Serum leptin and TNF-? levels in acute exacerbation of COPD were significantly higher than those in the stable patients with COPD and control (P

Objective To investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) rs 653765 and rs514049 inADAM10gene and clinical characteristics in asthma in Han Chinese children. MethodsA case-control study was performed in that research, and 221 children with asthma were recruited and an other 236 normal children were recruited as controls. The genotypes of two SNPs in ADAM 10 gene were detected using PCR-RFLP. And all data were analyzed by SPSS 19 . 0 . Results In case-controlled study, we found the frequency of TT genotype in case group was higher than that of controlgroup (P=0 . 028 ), and the frequency of T allele was higher than that of control group (P=0 . 008 ). The genotypes and alleles of rs 514049 was not associated with asthma (P=0 . 604 , 0 . 356 ).There were no difference in serum ADAM 10 levels between asthma and control group (P=0 . 238 ), but in asthma group we found patients with TT genotype may have a higher level ADAM 10 than the one with CC genotype (P=0 . 034 ). The polymorphism of rs 653765 was not associated with the level of C-reaction protein, the number of LYM, IgE and EOS% (P>0 . 05 ). Conclusions The genotype of rs 653765 in ADAM 10 gene was associated with asthma in the central of China, and T allele was a risk factor. The polymorphism of rs 653765 might be associated with the levels of ADAM 10 .

BACKGROUND: During the hip replacement, selection of prosthesis often depends on patients' bone condition. There has been no gold standard for selection of prosthesis. It will be of scientific significance to select femoral prostheses implanted under different bone densities through three-dimensional finite element analysis and simulated contrast mechanical tests.OBJECTIVE: Three-dimensional finite element analysis was employed to select femoral prostheses according to different bone densities, and simultaneously simulated contrast mechanical tests were performed to determine the age criteria regarding the selection of femoral prosthesis during the hip replacement.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: An open experiment was performed at the Second Department of Orthopedics, First Clinical Hospital of Jilin University and Institute of Biomechanics, Jilin University between September 2006 and May 2007.MATERIALS: Freshly adult femoral specimens were harvested from cadavers.METHODS: Three-dimensional finite element models of femur were established using Solidworks software. Following the known formula, the bone density and elastic modulus at different age brackets were calculated and input into the computer. The human one-foot standing condition was simulated and pressure was loaded on the reconstructed femoral models.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Some biomechanical characteristics of uncemented and cemented femoral prostheses, such as the distress distribution and initial micromovement at different bone densities, were measured.RESULTS: Relatively well-distributed whole distress and slight initial micromovement of uncemented femoral prostheses were found in male patients at 30-60 years old and in female patients at 40-55 years old. Symptoms of cemented femoral prostheses the same as the uncemented femoral prostheses were present in male patients at 60-70 years and in female patients older than 55 years old.CONCLUSION: Results of three-dimensional finite element analysis and simulated contrast mechanical tests suggest that uncemented femoral prostheses provide better therapeutic effects in male patients younger than 60 years and in female patients younger than 55 years than cemented femoral prosthesis.

BACKGROUND: It is indicated in the study of recent years that gingko biloba extract (EGB) is a kind of natural cleaner of free radical and it protects the body from the damage induced by free radical and improves cerebral circulatory disturbance and neuronal function. But the experimental or clinical study on the effects of EGB on high neural functional activity, like cognition, is relatively lagged.OBJECTIVE: To probe into the function of EGB on high functional activity in central neural system so as to provide the experimental evidence on clinical application of EGB in treatment of cognitive disturbance.DESIGN: Randomized controlled experiment was designed.SETTING: Department of Geriatrics of Psychiatric Hospital affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Department of Pathophysiology in Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Department of Neurology in Union Hospital affiliated to Jinan Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Basic Department of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology in June 2002. Forty Wistar rats were employed and randomized into 5groups, named as normal control of aged rats (normal group), model group,EGB 75 mg/kg group, EGB 150 mg/kg group and EGB 500 mg/kg group, 8 rats in each one.METHODS: Scopolamine was used to induce disturbance of learning and memory in aged rats to simulate the model of senile dementia animals. In normal and model groups, physiological saline of same volume was used for gastric perfusion and in every EGB group, EGB of 75, 150 and 500 mg/kg was used for gastric perfusion successively, 50-400 g/time, continuously for 5 days. On the 6th day, water maze and evading-dark-room tests were performed. During the testing, the medical perfusion stopped. The assay methods of behavioral training of learning and memory, such as experiment with water maze and evading-dark-room test, and biochemical assay were used to observe the changes in learning and memory and in acetylcholine (Ach) and protein contents in cerebral hippocampus before and after medication.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Time required in maze test of rats in each group. ② Mistakes in maze test of rats in each group. ③ Time required and mistakes in evading-dark-room test of rats in each group. ④Contents of Ach and protein in cerebral hippocampus of rats in each group.RFSULTS: Except that 1 rat was died without definite reason in EGB 150 mg/kg group and 1 rat was escaped in either EGB 75 mg/kg or 500 mg/kg group during gastric perfusion, terminally, 37 rats entered result analysis.① The time required and mistakes in maze test in every EGB group were less remarkably than model group (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). The time required and mistakes in maze test in model group were higher remarkably than normal group (P＜0.01). ② In learning of passive escaping in evading-darkroom test, the duration of learning for the rats in EGB 500, 150, 75 mg/kg groups was shorter remarkably than that in model group [(156.78±25.97),(172.66±13.56), (198.54±17.12), (208.34±28.56) s, P ＜ 0.05 or P＜0.01].The mistakes of electric shock in EGB 500, 150, 75 mg/kg groups were less remarkably than model group [(3.41±0.26), (6.97±0.35), (7.23±0.62),(8.38±0.92) times, P＜0.01]. The times of electric shock in EGB 500 mg/kg group was less significantly than 150 mg/kg group (P＜0.01) and that in 150 mg/kg was less remarkably than 75 mg/kg group (P＜0.05). ③ Hippocampal Ach content in modeled rats in EGB 500, 150, 75 mg/kg groups was higher than that in model group [(421.89±36.32), (387.45±32.76),(380.17±41.25), (365.28±11.42) μg/g, P＜0.05 or P＜0.01]. Hippocampal Ach content in 500 mg/kg group was higher significantly than 150 and 75 mg/kg groups (P＜0.01). In addition, compared with normal group,protein content in hippocampus in rats with disturbance of learning and memory induced by scopolamine in model group was reduced significantly [(41.75±3.82), (95.13±6.34) mg/kg, P ＜ 0.01]. After administrated with EGB,even though the protein content in hippocampus was increased in experimental rats after modeling, the difference was not significant (P＞0.05).CONCLUSION: EGB improves significantly learning and memory in experimental animal in dose-dependence and increases significantly Ach content in hippocampus.

Objective To explorer the clinical effects of Pentoxifylline(PTX group) with mechanical ventilation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS). Methods 64 patients with ARDS were randomized into a control group(n = 32 ,ARDS conventional treatment) and a PTX group(n = 32 ,PTX 50ml iv bid in addition to the conventional treatment). The patients were closely monitored with their curative effect, blood gas indexes and serum levels of TNF-α and IL-8 after the treatment. Results The PaO_2 and PaO_2/FiO_2 got significantly higher in the PTX group than in the control group on 3d and 7d (P ＜ 0.05). The serum levels of TNF-α and IL-8 and the mortality of ARDS were significantly decreased in the PTX group after the combined with Pentoxifylline (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜0.01). Conclusion The treatment combined with the Pentoxifylline can effectively improve the Oxygenation and prognosis of ARDS patients by inhibiting the inflammatory responses.

Objective To explore clinical characteristics of patients with cerebral infarction(CI) complicated with metabolic syndrome(MS) and their correlation with severity of cerebrovascular stenosis. Methods A total of 585 cases with CI were retrospectively studied. The patients were catogorized in to groups with and without MS according to NCEP-ATPⅢ diagnostic criteria. Severity of cerebrovascular were evaluated by CT. ResultsTwo hundred ninty cases(49.6%) complicated with MS showed higher body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, serum total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride (TG), uric acid (UA), fasting blood glucose (FBG), two hours postprandial blood glucose (2 h PBG), glucosylated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c), and lower high-densitylipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C) than those without MS. Larger size and multiple infarcts and more serious score of neurological deficit were shown in patients complicated with MS. Severity of cerebrovascular disease disclosed by CT was positively related to levels of waist circumferene, blood pressure, TC, TG, HbA1c, FBG and 2 h PBG while in versely related to the levels of HDL-C (r=-1.23, P

Objective To observe the clinical characteristic and prognosis of primary lung cancer patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE).Methods 589 primary lung cancer patients were selected and divided into VTE group(n =49) and non VTE group(n =540).49 cases with VTE were divided into pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) group(n =15),including single PTE and PTE combined with deep venous thrombosis(DVT) and DVT group (n =34).Single factor and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed to determine the factors influencing primary lung cancer patients with VTE.Clinical manifestation,time of onset and prognosis of patients with VTE were analyzed.Results 49 patients with VTE included 10 patients(20.4％) with single PTE,34 patients(69.4％) with single DVT and 5 PTE patients combined with DVT(10.2％).D-dimer(OR =1.560,95％ CI =1.018 ～ 2.392,x2 =4.161,P =0.041),interleukin-1 (IL-1,OR =1.846,95％ CI =1.054-3.234,x2 =4.594,P =0.033),tumor necrosis factor (TNF OR =1.486,95％ CI =1.014-2.178,x2 =4.126,P =0.042),adenocarcinoma (OR =2.854,95％CI=1.217-6.695,x2 =5.812,P=0.016) and phase Ⅲ-Ⅳ(OR =2.198,95％CI=1.122-4.305,x2 =5.272,P =0.022) were the factors influencing primary lung cancer patients with VTE.Chest tightness,coughing,accelerated heart rate,swelling and pain in lower limb were common clinical manifestations of primary lung cancer patients with VTE.Most patients with VTE occurred within 3 months after a diagnosis of primary lung cancer.There was no significant difference in the time of onset between PTE group and DVT group(P ＞0.05).As of July 2014,31 cases (63.2％) died,12 cases (24.5 ％) survived,and 6 cases (12.2％) lost in 49 patients with VTE.The median survival time of 49 patients with VTE was 9.5 months.The median survival time of PTE group was 5.8 months,while DVT group was 15.2 months,but no significant difference between them (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Increased D-dimer,increased IL-1,increased TNF,adenocarcinoma and phase Ⅲ-Ⅳ could increase the risk of primary lung cancer patients with VTE.There were little typical.clinical symptoms in most patients with VTE,which occurred with in 3 months after a diagnosis of primary lung cancer.They had high mortality and needed to take early diagnosis and treatment through auxiliary examination.